Term
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Definition
| the inherited tendency to develop IgE mediated immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergen-specific IgE produced by B-lymphocytes |
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Term
| Step 2 Early phase reaction |
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Definition
| Occurs within minutes, upon re-exposure to allergen, mast cell degranulation and mediator release |
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Term
| Step 3 Late phase reaction |
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Definition
| Occur hours to days after exposure, influx of inflammatory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| sneezing, rhinorrhea, itching |
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Term
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Definition
| congestion, post-nasal drip, cough |
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Term
| Mainstay of therapy; rapid onset, but best results when taken continuously |
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Definition
| Histamine-1 receptor antagonists (systemic antihistamines) |
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Term
| Sedating systemic antihistamines |
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Definition
| Bromphniramine, Chlorpheniramine, Clemastine, Diphenhydramine |
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Term
| Nonsedating systemic antihistamines |
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Definition
| Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Levocetirizine, loratadine, Desloratadine |
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Term
| ADRs with sedating antihistamines |
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Definition
| sedation, cognitive impairment, anticholinergic: dry mouth, urinary retention |
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Term
|
Definition
| Beclomethasone diproprionate, Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Flunisolide, Fluticasone furoate, Fluticasone propionate, Mometasone furoate monohydrate, Triamcinolone acetonide |
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Term
| most effective; treat inflammatory component; first line when obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
| have lower systemic bioavailability; more lipophilic, faster absorption; lower potential for systemic adverse effects |
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Definition
| fluticasone and mometasone |
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Term
| Local ADRS (nasal corticosteroids) |
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Definition
| stinging, burning, dryness, sneezing, epistaxis |
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Term
| systemic ADRS (nasal corticosteroids) |
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Definition
| growth velocity, osteoporosis? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients 2 years of age and older; comparable or inferior to oral antihistamine; inferior to nasal corticosteroid |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, aggression, agitation |
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Term
|
Definition
| headache, upper respiratory infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine |
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Term
| Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine |
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Definition
| sympathomimetics; alpha adrenergic agents produce nasal vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine ADRS |
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Definition
| hypertension, restlessness, tremor, insomnia, headache, urinary retention, palpitations |
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Term
| Systemic decongestants cautions |
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Definition
| glaucoma, hypertension, CV disease, urinary retention, BPH, antidepressants, hyperthyroidism, diabetes |
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Term
|
Definition
| oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline |
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|
Term
| topical decongestants compared with systemic decongestants |
|
Definition
| more rapid, more effective, fewer systemic side effects |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa |
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Definition
| DC topical decongestants (can taper); nasal corticosteroids; oral corticosteroids |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nasal Mast cell stabilizers |
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Term
| blocks early and late phase reaction; inhibits mast cell degranulation; prevents mediator release; effects persist 4-8 hours after administration |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Azelastine and olopatadine |
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Definition
| Intranasal Antihistamines |
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Term
| Intranasal antihistamines ADRs |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Intranasal Anticholinergics |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Preferred agent selection: Intermittent mild: |
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Definition
| antihistamine, decongestant |
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Term
| Preferred agent selection: Intermittent moderate-severe |
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Definition
| Antihistamine, decongestant, intranasal corticosteroids |
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Term
| Treat symptoms: Persistent mild |
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Definition
| antihistamine, decongestant, intranasal corticosteroid, cromolyn |
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Term
| Treat symptoms: Persistent moderate-severe |
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Definition
| intranasal corticosteroid first-line, add if needed decongestant, nasal ipratropium, antihistamine |
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Term
| season allergic conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Ocular Allergy Disease Systemic therapies |
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Definition
| Antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists |
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Term
|
Definition
| mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers/antihistamines, decongestants, decongestants/antihistamines, NSAIDs, corticosteroids |
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Term
| Bepotastine, cromolyn, lodoxamide, nedocromil |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| most effective as prophylaxis |
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Term
| mast cell stabilizers ADRs |
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Definition
| burning and stinging on instillation, headache |
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Term
| Ophthalmic Antihistamines |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| burning and stinging on instillation, fatigue, dry mouth, headache |
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Term
| Mast Cell Stabilizers/Antihistamines |
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Definition
| Alcaftadine, azelastine, epinastine, keotifen, olopatadine |
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Term
| Mast Cell Stabilizers/Antihistamines ADRs |
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Definition
| stinging and burning on instillation, bitter taste, headache |
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Term
| Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline |
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Definition
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Term
| Ophthalmic Decongestants ADRs |
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Definition
| stinging/burning, decreased accommodation, blurred vision, pupil dilation, rebound vasodilation |
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Term
| Ophthalmic Decongestants Precautions |
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Definition
| hypertension, heart disease, narrow angle glaucoma |
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Term
| Naphazoline/pheniramine maleate |
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Definition
| Ophthalmic Decongestant/antihistamines |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| stinging/burning, allergic reactions, ocular irritation/inflammation; cross sensitivity aspirin/NSAIDs, bleeding |
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Term
| Ophthalmic corticosteroids |
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Definition
| last coice-- severe conjunctivitis; very effective; significant ADRs |
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Term
| Ophthalmic corticosteroidsd ADRs |
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Definition
| cataracts, glaucoma, superinfections |
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Term
| Immunotherapy ("allergy shots") |
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Definition
| considered when: allergen exposure is unavoidable, allergic response all year or most of the year, difficulty treating pharmacologically, significant potential benefit (children and young adults) |
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Term
|
Definition
| major risk: anaphylaxis, beta blockers: reduce epi response, chronic medical conditions that reduce ability to survive a reaction; sublingual may be safer |
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Term
| Preferred therapies for Pediatric Patients |
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Definition
| Cromolyn, oral non-sedating antihistamiens, nasal corticosteroids, Montelukast (mild persistent asthma) |
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Term
| Preferred therapies for Pregnant Patients |
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Definition
| Cromolyn first line, antihistamines if cromolyn fails, nasal corticosteroids, montelukast |
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Term
| Preferred therapies for nonallergic rhinitis |
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Definition
| nasal corticosteroids, nasal ipratropium, nasal azelastine, nasal saline irrigation |
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