Term
| These medications slow the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), decreasing the production of angiotensin II. As a result blood vessels relax and dilate, blood pressure lowers, and more oxygen rich blood reaches the heart. |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What are ACE inhibitors used for? |
|
Definition
| control blood pressure, treat heart failure, and help prevent strokes. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of ACE inhibitors = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels. As a result blood vessels dilate and blood pressure drops |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ARBs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control high blood pressure and treat heart failure
slow the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These Medications:
May prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Help regulate the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in the processing, storage and retrieval of information (NMDA receptor antagonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uses for anti alzheimer's agents include |
|
Definition
treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine)
Memantine is used to treate moderate-to -severe alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Two types of Anti-Alzheimer Agents = |
|
Definition
cholinesterase inhibitors = mild to moderate alzheimer disease
NMDA receptor antagonist - used to treat moderate to severe alzheimer's disease. |
|
|
Term
| cholinesterase inhibitors include |
|
Definition
donepezil* (Aricept)
galantamine (Razadyne)
Rivastigmine (Exelon) |
|
|
Term
| NMDA receptor antagonist - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria and compromise the structure of the bacterial cell wall |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| Uses for Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
treat and prevent severe infections, such as septicemia (bacteria in the blood) and severe urinary tract infections
Treat hospital acquired respiratory infections, caused by aerobic, gram negative bacteria, e.g., as Escherichia coli and dlebsiella species. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
| END IN MYCIN exceptamikacin (Amikin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mold Cephalosporium. Like Penicillins, they interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Cephalosporins uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent a wide variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. |
|
|
Term
| cephalosporins examples = |
|
Definition
| Start with CEF 4 Generations |
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they are the only class of antimicrobial agents in clinical use that directly inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones uses include |
|
Definition
treat wide range of infections of the sinuses, skin, lungs, ears, airways, urinary tract, bones, and joints caused by gram negative and gram positive organisms
prevent and treat anthrax |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Flurorquinolones - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are bacteriostatic. They inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction by interfering with their ability to make proteins |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides uses |
|
Definition
treat various systemic and local bacterial infections of the resp. tract, GI tract, and soft tissues
treat severe acne and sexually transmitted infections
prevent whopping cough, as well as endocarditis in dentistry |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides examples - |
|
Definition
end in myocin...
azithromycin *(zithromax)
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
dirithromycin (Dynabac)
erythromycin (E-mycin)
troleandomycin (Tao) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a class of antibiotics called beta-lactans, which exert bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall production. Currently this group includes more than 20 antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-infective - Penicillins uses |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent of wide range of bacterial infections including streptococcal infections, syphilis and lyme disease |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infective - penicillins = |
|
Definition
All end in cillin
Aminopenicillins -
amoxicillin* (amoxil)
ampicillin (principen, omnipen)
Extended spectrum penicillins -
cabenicillin (Geocillin)
piperacillin (Pipracil)
ticacillin (Ticar)
Natural penicillins -
penicillin G (generic
Penicillin V* (Pen-VK)
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins -
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin (generic)
oxacillin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| These bacteriostatic medications provide a broad spectrum of activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides uses |
|
Definition
treat UTI
Treat some types of bacterial pneumonia (pneumocystis Carinii) and shigellosis
Treat some protozoal infections |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
Definition
All have Sulf in them
mafenide (Sulfamylon)
sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph 10)
sulfamethizole (thiosulfil Forte)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine)
sulfisoxazole (gantrisin)
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole* (septra, bactrim) |
|
|
Term
| These broad spectrum anti-infectives exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - Tetracyclines uses - |
|
Definition
treat respiratory tract infections
treat acne and skin infections, genital infections (syphilis, chlamydia), and urinary tract infections
treat lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, and rickettsial infections and the infection that causes stomach ulcers (caused by helicobacter pylori) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - tetracyclines - |
|
Definition
all end in cycline
demeclocycline (declomycin)
doxycycline* (vibramycin)
minocycline (minocin)
oxytetracycline (terramycin)
tetracycline (sumycin) |
|
|
Term
| these vasodilatros dilate the blood vessels, improve blood flow and allow more oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle. they also relax the veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent attacks of (acute) angina |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates examples - |
|
Definition
isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR, Sorbitrate, Isordil)
isosorbide mononitrate* (ISMO, Monoket, Imdur)
nitroglycerin (nitro-dur, nitro-bid, nitrostat)
have trate on the end or nitro in the word... |
|
|
Term
| These medications act at many levels in the CNS, producing an anxiolytic effect. they may produce CNS depression. The effects may be mediated by GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - uses - |
|
Definition
treat of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder
Manage anxiety associated with depression |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antidepressants (SSRI) = |
|
Definition
paroxetine* (Paxil)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Antidepressants (tricyclic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antihistamine |
|
Definition
| hydroxyzine (atarax, Vistaril) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Benzodiazepines - |
|
Definition
Alprazolam* (Xanax)
buspirone (Buspar, Vanspar)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
diazepam* (valium)
Lorazepam* (Ativan
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Herbals - |
|
Definition
kava-kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - tranquilizer - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These medications are generally classified by their effects on cardiac conduction tissue (Class 1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, IV). They:
Slow down the heart (the calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and beta-blockers)
Slow the heart's electrical impulses by blocking the heart's potassium channels (amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppress potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1A |
|
Definition
disopyramide (norplace)
procainamide (pronestyl)
quinidine (quinidine sulfate) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1B |
|
Definition
!Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mexiletine (Mexitil)
phenytoin (Dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1C |
|
Definition
flecainide (tambocor)
propafenone (rythmol) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class II |
|
Definition
Beta-blockers
acebutolol (sectral)
!propranolol (inderal)
sotalol (betapace) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class III |
|
Definition
!amiodarone (cordarone)
Dofetilide (tikosyn)
ibutilide (corvert) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class IV |
|
Definition
ca channel blockers
diliazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tizazac, and others)
verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - other |
|
Definition
!digoxin* (lanoxin)
dronedarone (multaq) |
|
|
Term
These medications:
relax the smooth muscles that line the airway (bronchodilators)
Block the inflammation that narrows the airways (corticosteroids)
Counteract substances that cause the air passages to constrict and secrete mucus (leukotriene modifiers)
prevent allergic reactions or asthma symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manage acute and chronic episodes of reversible bronchoconstriction associated with asthma
treat acute attacks (short-term control) and decrease incidence and intensity of future attacks (long-term control) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - adrenergics - examples |
|
Definition
albuterol* (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others)
!epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - bronchodilators - examples |
|
Definition
| theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - corticosteroids - examples = |
|
Definition
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
ciclesonide (Omnaris) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - herbals - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - leukotriene atagonists |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - mast cell stabilizers - examples |
|
Definition
| cromolyn nebulized solution (nasalcrom |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - monoclonal antibodies - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| albuterol and ipratropium* (combivent) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit clotting factor synthesis, inhibit thrombin, or interfere with blood platelet formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent or treat blood clots associated with stroke, heart attack, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, HF, arrhythmia, atrial fib, DVT, and pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!heparin
!warfarin (coumadin) |
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulant - examples indirect factor Xa inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anticoagulant -LMWH - examples |
|
Definition
!dalteparin (fragmin)
!enoxaparin (lovenox)
!tinzaparin (innohep) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants - examples - thrombin inhibitors |
|
Definition
!argatroban (generic)
!bivalirudin (angiomax)
!dabigatran (pradaxa)
!desirudin (iprivask)
!lepirudin (rDNA) |
|
|
Term
| These medications depress CNS function. They target specific neurochemical processes, suppress excess neuron function, and regulate electrochemical signals in the brain (for instance, GABA inhibitors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
help control epileptic seizures
treat neuropathic pain (associated with diabetes, shingles, and fibromyalgia), migraine headaches, and bipolar disorders. |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - barbiturates |
|
Definition
mephobarbital (mebaral)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - GABA analogues |
|
Definition
gabapentin* (neurontin)
pregabalin* (lyrica)
tiagabine (gabitril) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - Hydantoins |
|
Definition
ethotoin (peganone)
fosphenytoin (cerebyx)
phenytoin (dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - other |
|
Definition
carbamazepine (tegretol)
lamotrigine (lamictal)
oxcarbazepine (trileptal)
topiramate (topamax)
valproic acid (depakote) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - oxazolidinediones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications prevent the enzyme monamine oxidase from breaking down the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (also known as monoamines) in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs examples |
|
Definition
isocarboxazid (marplan)
phenelzine (nardil)
selegiline (ensam, eldepryl, zelapar)
tranylcypromine (parnate) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs uses |
|
Definition
primarily treat moderate-to-severe depression and chronic fatigue syndrome
treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, obsessive-compulsive disoder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs examples |
|
Definition
citalopram* (celexa)
escitalopram* (lexapro)
fluoxetine* (Prozac)
paroxetine* (paxil)
sertraline* (zoloft) |
|
|
Term
| These medications block or delay the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic nerves. the increased levels of these neurotransmitters elevates mood. |
|
Definition
| antidepressants - serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - uses |
|
Definition
| treat depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder and other mood disorders |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - examples |
|
Definition
desvenlafaxin (pristiq)
duloxetine* (cymbalta)
milnacipran (savella)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit the nerve cell's ability to reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, they also block the action of acetylcholine and histamine (causing many of the side effects of these meds) |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic uses |
|
Definition
relieve depression and help treat obsessive compulsive disorder and bedwetting.
off-label uses include panic disorder, bulimia, and chronic pain (migraine, diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic examples |
|
Definition
amitriptyline* (elavil)
amoxapine (asendin)
desipramine (norpramin)
doxepin (sinequan)
imipramine (tofranil)
maprotiline (ludiomil)
nortriptyline (pamelor)
protriptyline (vivactil)
trimipramine (surmontil) |
|
|
Term
| this medication is used in the treatment of type 1 DM and may be used to treat type 2 DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin uses |
|
Definition
rapid acting insulin covers meals eaten at the same time as the injection
short acting insulin covers meals eaten within 30 to 60 min
intermediate-acting insulin covers about half of the day or overnight (and is often combined with rapid-or short-acting insulin)
long acting insulin covers about one full day |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - intermediate acting = |
|
Definition
| !NPH insulin (N) (Humulin-N, Novolin-N) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - long acting |
|
Definition
!insulin detemir (levemir)
!insulin glargine* (lantus) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - rapid-acting |
|
Definition
!insulin aspart (novolog)
!insulin glulisine (apidra)
!insulin lispro (humalog) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - short acting |
|
Definition
!human insulin (velosulin)
!regular insulin (R) (Humulin-R, Novolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral uses |
|
Definition
| treat type 2 diabetes melitium |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors examples |
|
Definition
!acarbose (precose)
!miglitol (glyset) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - biguanides - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral meglitinides |
|
Definition
!nateglinide (starlix)
!repaglinide (prandin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral sulfonylureas |
|
Definition
!glimepiride (amaryl)
!glipizide (glucotrol)
!glyburide# (diabeta, micronase) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral thiazolidinediones - |
|
Definition
!pioglitazone (actos)
!rosiglitazone (avandia) |
|
|
Term
these medications
slow the passage of stools through the intestines (loperamide)
decrease the secretion of fluid into the intestine and inhibit the activity of bacteria (bismut subsalicylate) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control and relieve symptoms of acute and chronic nonspecific diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bismuth subsalicylate (kaopectate, peto-bismol)
diphenoxylate and atropine (lomotil)
kaolin and pectin (kapectolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - antispasmodics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - bulk forming laxatives |
|
Definition
| polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - opiate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - somatostatin analog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla by blockingdopamine receptors (for example metoclopramide)
decrease the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus (for example meclizine)
block the effects of serotonin in the brain and small intestine (5-HT3 receptro antagonists). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage the varioius causes of nausea and vomiting, including surgery, anesthesia, antineoplastic and radiation therapies, and motion sickness. |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - 5HT3 antagonists |
|
Definition
end in tron except nabilone (cesamet)
dolasetron (anzemet)
granisetron (sancuso)
nabilone (cesamet)
ondansetron (zofran)
palonosetron (aloxi) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - anticholinergics - |
|
Definition
| scopolamine (transderm-scop) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - cannabinoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - neurokinin antagonists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - other |
|
Definition
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
meclizine (antivert, bonine)
metoclopramide (reglan) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - phenothiazines |
|
Definition
chlorpromazine (thorazine)
perphenazine (trilafon)
prochlorperazine (compro)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
thiethylperazine (norzine, torecan) |
|
|
Term
| these mecations are also called antimycotic agents. they kill or inactivate fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat systemic, localized, or topical fungal infections (including yeast infections.) |
|
|
Term
| antifungals - Azole antifungals (the triazoles and imidazoles) examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - echinocandins examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - miscellaneous antifungals |
|
Definition
butenafine (mentax)
ciclopirox (loprox, penlac nail lacquer)
flucytosine (ancobon)
terbinafine (lamisil)
tolnaftate (absorbine Jr) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!amphotericin B deoxycholate (amphocin, fungizone)
nystatin (mycostatin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications compete with histamine for histamine receptor sites. When they occupy the histamine receptor sites, they prevent histamine from causing allergic symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relief of symptoms associated with allergies (including rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema)
adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic rxns
treat insomnia (diphenhydramine), motion sickness (dimenhydrinate and meclizine), parkinson-like reactions (diphenhydramine), and other nonallergic conditions |
|
|
Term
| antishitamines examples - |
|
Definition
seem to end in tine, zine, mine, dine
azelastine (astelin)
bepotastine (bepreve)
cetirizine (zyrtec)
chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton)
clemastine (tavist allergy)
cyproheptadine (periactin)
desloratadine (clarinex)
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
diphenhydramine (benadryl, sominex, nytol, midol PM, unisom nighttime sleep aid)
doxepin (sinequan)
fexofenadine* (allegra)
hydroxyzine (atarax, vistaril)
levocetirizine (xyzal)
ioratadine (alavert, claritin, tavist ND, dimetapp ND)
meclizine* (antivert, bonine, dramamine less drowsy formula)
olopatadine nasal spray (patanase)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
triprolidine (zymine) |
|
|
Term
| also called antigout agents, these medications work to either correct overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics examples |
|
Definition
allopurinol (zyloprim)
pegloticase (krystexxa)
rasburicase (elitek) |
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit or prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells by various different mechanisms of action
damage the DNA of cancer cells
interfere with the cancer cell's metabolism or affect cell division
create an unfavorable environment for cancer cell growth (hormones) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat various solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias
prescribed for some autoimmune disorders (such as RA) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - alkylating agents |
|
Definition
!chlorambucil (leukeran)
!cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antiestrogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antimetabolites |
|
Definition
!5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antitumor antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - human recombinant interleukin-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - monoclonal antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - plant alkaloids |
|
Definition
start with vin end in tine
vinblastine (velban)
vincristine (oncovin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications replenish dopamine. they also mimic the role of dopamine or block the effects of other chemicals that cause problems in the brain when dopamine levels drop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiparkinson agents uses |
|
Definition
| relieve the symptoms of parkinsonism including tremor or trembling in the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; stiffness or rigidity of the arms, legs, and trunk; bradykinesia; poor balance and coordination |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
benztropine (cogentin)
trihexyphenidyl (artane, trihexane) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - carbidopa/levodopa therapy |
|
Definition
| carbidopa and levodopa (sinemet) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - COMT inhibitors |
|
Definition
entacapone (comtan)
tolcapone (tasmar) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - Dopamine agonists |
|
Definition
apomorphine (apokyn)
bromocriptine (parlodel)
pramipexole (mirapex)
ropinlrole (requip)
rotigotine (neupro) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - MAO-B inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
rivastigmine (exelon) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the formation of blood clots by preventing the clumping of platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent thromboembolic events, such as stroke, myocardial infaction or peripheral vascular disease.
prescribed after devices are placed inside the ehart or blood vessels, such as stents and artifial heart valves |
|
|
Term
| antiplatelet agents - examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors |
|
Definition
clopidogrel* (Plavix)
prasugrel (effient)
ticlopidine (Ticlid) |
|
|
Term
examples of antiplatelet agents -
adenosine reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
| dipyridamole (persantine) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - glycoproeint IIb IIIa inhibitors |
|
Definition
!abciximab (reopro)
!eptifibatide (integrilin)
!tirofiban (aggrastat) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block a specific subtype of the dopamine receptor (the D2 receptor). the 2nd generation not oonly block D2 receptors, but also a specifc subtype of serotonin receptor (5HR2A receptor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute and chronic psychosis, especially when accompanied by increased psychomotor activity
off label uses include tourette's syndrome, substance abuse, stuttering, OCD, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - atypical (or second generation) antipsychotics |
|
Definition
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (clozaril)
olanzapine* (zyprexa)
paliperidone (invega)
quetiapine* (seroquel)
risperidone (risperdal)
ziprasidone (geodon) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - others |
|
Definition
iloperidone (fanapt)
prochlorperazine (compro)
thioridazine (Mellaril) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - typical antipsychotics |
|
Definition
chlorpromaizne (thorazine)
fluphenazine (permitil, prolixin)
haloperidol (haldol)
loxapine (loxitane)
molindone (moban)
perphenazine (trilafon)
pimozide (orap)
thiothixene (navane)
trifluoperazine (stelazine) |
|
|
Term
| these medications treat RA. they relieve pain (analgesics), reduce inflammation (NSAIDs and steroids), and control the underlying disease (disease modifying RA drugs or DMARDs and biologic drugs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long term solution to control symptoms of RA by slowing down joint destruction and preserving joint functions (DMARDs)
Target specific component of the immune system (biologic agents - IM or IV only). these may be used alone, but are often given with other DMARDs to increase the benefits and limit potential side effects |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics - biologic response modifiers (anti-TNF) examples |
|
Definition
adalimumab (humira)
certolizumab pegol (cimzia)
etanercept (enbrel)
golimumab (simponi)
infliximab (remicade) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
azathioprinie (imuran, azasan)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
gold sodium thiomalate (myochrysine)
hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)
leflunomide (arava)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics - other biologics |
|
Definition
abatacept (orencia)
anakinra (kineret)
rituximab (rituxan)
tocilizumab |
|
|
Term
| thse medications have various actions that affect mycobacteria, with most having bacteriocidal (for example, rifampin) and/or bacteriostatic for example, isoniazid) actions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antituberculars combination drugs |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid and pyrazinamide (rifater) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - primary agents |
|
Definition
ethionamide (trecator SC)
isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
rifampin (rifadin)
rifapentine (priftin) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - second line agents |
|
Definition
capreomycin (capastat)
cycloserine (seromycin)
ethambutol (myambutol)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
streptomycin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - third line agents (aminoglycosides) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block the secretion of gastric acid by the gastric parietal cells (PPIs). they also stop the action of histamine on the gastric parietal cells, whcih inhibits the secretion of gastric acid (H-2 receptor blockers) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretory conditions e.g., zollinger-ellison syndrome
manage the symptoms of GERD
treat recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Hpylori infections (a combined antibiotic and gastric acid suppression therapy) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti-infective (penicillins) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - herbal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - histamine H2 receptor antagonists |
|
Definition
all end in tidine
cimetidine (tagamet)
famotidine* (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)
ranitidine (Zantac) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - mucosal protective - |
|
Definition
aluminum hydroxide (amphojel)
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-bismol)
sucralfate (carafate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carithromycin (biaxin)
metronidazole (flagyl)
misoprostol (cytotec)
propantheline (pro-banthine)
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, neut) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all end in zole
dexlansoprazole (dexilant)
esomeprazole* (nexium)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
omeprazole* (prilosec)
pantoprazole* (protonix)
rabeprazole (aciphex) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are designed to work in one of two ways - they either inhibit the ability to multiply or they mimic the virus attachment protein, disrupting the replication process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent, manage and/or treat viral infections, such as HIV, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus, pneumonia, measles and mumps, and influenza strains (including swine flu) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents examples |
|
Definition
all have vir in them
cidofovir (vistide)
foscarnet (foscavir)
ganciclovir (cytovene)
valganciclovir (valcyte) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti herpetic agents |
|
Definition
all have vir
acyclovir (zovirax)
famciclovir (famvir)
valacyclovir (valcyte) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti influenza agents |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
oseltamivir (tamiflu)
rimantadine (flumadine)
zanamivir (relenza) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - nucleoside analogues |
|
Definition
adefovir (hepsera)
entecavir (baraclude)
lamivudine (epivir)
penciclovir (denavir)
ribavirin (copegus, rebetol, virazole)
telbivudine (tyzeka) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - purine nucleosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications depress the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. These are all schedule IV drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce sedation or induce sleep
relieve anxiety and muscle spasms
prevent seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alprazolam* (xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
estazolam (prosom)
flumazenil (romazicon)
flurazepam (dalmane)
lorazepam* (ativan)
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
quazepam (doral)
temazepam (restoril)
triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves. By blocking the effects of thses neurotransmitters, they reduce heart rate and reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat hypertension, HF, arrhythmias, and angina (but not for immediate relief)
treat glaumcoma (ophthalmic)
prevent future heart attacks in heart attack patients
prevent migraine headaches |
|
|
Term
| examples of beta blockers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications bind to hydroxyapatite in bone and inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts |
|
Definition
| bone resorption inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors uses |
|
Definition
| prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and due to other causes, such as paget's disease of the bone and corticosteroid therapy |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors - examples |
|
Definition
alendronate* (fosamax)
calcitonin - salmon (miacalcin)
etidronate disodium (dironel)
ibandronate (boniva)
raloxifene (evista)
risedronate* (actonel)
tiludronate (skelid) |
|
|
Term
| these medications relax bronchial smooth muscle, making the airways larger and allowing air to pass through the lungs. they may also increase mucociliary clearance (beta agonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - |
|
Definition
| epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
ipratropium (atrovent)
tiotropium* (spiriva) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (long-acting) |
|
Definition
arformoterol (brovana)
formoterol (foradil)
salmeterol (serevent) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (short-acting) |
|
Definition
albuterol* (proventil, ventolin, proair, accuneb)
levalbuterol (xopenex)
metaproterenol (alupent)
pirbuterol (maxair)
terbutaline (brethine) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - combination (inhaled steroid + long acting beta agonist) |
|
Definition
!budesonide and formoterol (symbicort)
fluticasone and salmeterol* (advair) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - leukotriene synthesis inhibitors |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate)
zileuton (zyflo) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - methylxanthines |
|
Definition
aminophylline (phyllocontin, truphylline)
theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| these medications slow the rate at which Ca passes into the heart muscle and into the vessels and allows blood to flow more easily through them, lowering blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat hypertension, angina, and abnormal heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia).
treat post-MI clients who cannot tolerate beta blockers |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blocker examples |
|
Definition
amlodipine* (norvasc, Lotrel)
bepridil (vascor)
diltiazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tiazac, and others)
felodipine (plendil)
isradipine (dynacirc)
nicardipine (cardene)
nifedipine (adalat, procardia XL)
nimodipine (nimotop)
nisoldipine (sular)
verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| These medications increase physical activity, mental alertness and attention span. The exact mechanism of action is not known |
|
Definition
| Central nervous system stimulants |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system stimulants uses |
|
Definition
improve concentration and focus for those with ADHD
decrease appetite and promote weight loss
alleviate sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and jet lag. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine & dextroamphetamine (adderall)
benzphetamine (didrex)
caffeine (NoDoz, Vivarin)
dexmethylphenidate (focalin)
dextroamphetamine (dexedrine)
diethylpropion (tenuate)
lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse)
methylphenidate* (concerta, ritalin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications mimic the effect of hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands. When the dose exceeds the body's usual hormone levels, they will suppress inflammation, as well as the immune system. Also used for their antineoplastic activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oral forms treat inflammation and pain associated with arthritis and autoimmune diseases (such as lupus, crohn's)
Inhaled med treat asthma and allergies
topical application helps heal skin conditions
injected forms treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis, gout and other inflammatory diseases. |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids - examples |
|
Definition
beclomethasone (Qvar)
betamethasone (celestone)
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
cortisone (Cortone acetate)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
flunisolide (aerobid)
fluticasone* (flonase, flovent)
methylprednisolone (medrol, depo-medrol)
mometasone furoate* (nasonex)
prednisolone (orapred, Prelone)
prednisone* (sterapred) |
|
|
Term
| these medications work in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (where magnesium and ca are reabsorbed). Disrupted reabsorption causes increased urine production, which lowers blood bolume and results in lowered blood pressure. Also causes the veins to dilate which lowers blood pressure mechanically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute pulmonary edema and manage edema
reduce intracranial pressure and treat hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bumetanide (Bumex)
ethacrynic acid (edecrin)
furosemide* (Lasix)
torsemide (demadex) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are derived form a chemical called benzothiadiazine. they work in the distal convoluted tubule by decreasing the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and chloride (which results in increased urine production) and help dialate blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics - thiazide uses |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination with loop diuretics, treat hypertension or edema due to HF or other causes |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - thiazide examples |
|
Definition
chlorothiazide (hygroton, Diuril)
hydrochlorothiazide* (hydrodiuril)
indapamide (lozol)
metolazone (zaroxolyn) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are low-molecular-weight substances that produce a raid loss of sodium and water by inhibiting their reabsorption in the kidney tubules and the loop of henle. They increase plasma osmolality, which increases diffusion of water from the intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage cerebral edema to decrease intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - osmotic examples |
|
Definition
mannitol (osmitrol)
urea (generic) |
|
|
Term
| these medications conserve potassium in clients receiving thiazide or loop diuretics. the decrease sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidneys |
|
Definition
| diuretics - potassium-sparing |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing uses |
|
Definition
| treat clients with HF, since they do not significantly lower blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing examples |
|
Definition
amiloride (midamor)
eplerenone (inspra)
spironolactone (aldactone)
triamterene (dyrenium) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit cell-mediated immune responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevent transplantation rejection reactions
manage selected autoimmune diseases (for example, nephritic syndrome of childhood and severe RA) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants examples |
|
Definition
azathioprine (imuran, azasan)
basiliximab (simulect)
chlorambucil (leukeran)
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
daclizumab (zenapax)
!Methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
muromonab-CD3 (orthoclone OKT3)
mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept)
mycophenolic acid (myfortic)
pimecrolimus (elidel)
sirolimus (rapamune)
tacrolimus (prograf)
thalidomide (thalomid) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are typically classified as either bulk-forming agents, osmotics, salines, stimulant, laxatives or stool softeners |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat or prevent constipation
prepare the bowel for radiologic or endoscopic procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methylnaltrexone bromide (relistor) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - bulk forming agents |
|
Definition
polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon)
psyllium (metamucil) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples -osmotics |
|
Definition
glycerin suppositories (generic)
lactulose (chronulac, cephulac, cholac)
polyethylene glycol (miralax) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - salines |
|
Definition
magnesium chloride (mag 64, Mag SR)
magnesium gluconate ( Mag-G, Magonate)
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
phosphate/biphosphate (fleet enema, osmoprep) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stimulatn laxatives |
|
Definition
bisacodyl (dulcolax)
sennosides (senokot) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stimulant laxatives (herbal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stool softeners |
|
Definition
| docusate sodium (colace, surfak) |
|
|
Term
reduce LDL (the "bad" or "lousy") cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme in the liver (HMG-CoA reductase) responsible for making cholesterol; shrink, stabilize and prevent rupture of fatyy plaques and formation of clots; and prevent inflammation (statins)
reduce LDL by binding to bile acid and preventing absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine (bile acid sequestrants)
prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with elevated triglycerides and low HDL when diet and lifestyle changes are unsuccessful (fibric acid agents) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents uses |
|
Definition
| reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (along with diet and exercise) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - bile acid sequestrants |
|
Definition
cholestyramine (questran)
colesevelam (welchol)
colestipol (colestid) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - fibric acids |
|
Definition
fenofibrate (tricor)
fenofibric acid (trilipix)
gemfibrozil (lobid) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
ezetimibe* (zetia)
ezetimibe and simvastatin* (vytorin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications correct imbalances minerals and electrolytes or make the urine more alkaline (pH modifiers) |
|
Definition
| mineral/electrolytes/pH modifiers |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers uses |
|
Definition
prevent and treat deficiencies or excesses of electrolytes
prevent crystals from forning in the urine and inhibit the formation of kidney stones (acidifiers and alkalinizers)
treat pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (magnesium sulfate)
some of these meds neutralize gastric acids |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - alkalinizing agents |
|
Definition
| sodium bicarbonate (backing soda, neut) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - calcium salts |
|
Definition
all have calcium in them
calcium acetate (eliphos)
calcium carbonate (caltrate)
!calcium chloride
calcium citrate (citracal)
!calcium gluconate
calcium lactate (ridactate) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - magnesium salts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - ph modifiers |
|
Definition
potassium citrate (urocit K)
!potassium phosphate (neutra-phos K) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - phosphate supplements |
|
Definition
| sodium phosphate (osmoprep) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - potassium salts |
|
Definition
potassium bicarbonate (effervescent potassium)
potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (K-lyte)
potassium chloride* (k-dur, klor-con) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes and reduce prostaglandins throughout the body, reducing inflammation, pain, and fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain, reduce fever, and to treat various inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - COX-2 selective inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - traditional NSAIDs |
|
Definition
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
ibuprofen* (motrin, advil)
indomethacin (indocin)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
nabumetone (relafen)
naproxen* (aleve, naprosyn)
piroxicam (feldene) |
|
|
Term
| these medications target and block the chemical substances released by the brain (particularly prostaglandin) in response to injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nonopioid analgesics uses |
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain and/or fever |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples |
|
Definition
acetaminophen (tylenol)
chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin)
phenazopyridine (pyridium, urogesic)
salsalate (amigesic, disalcid) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - barbiturate + NSAID |
|
Definition
| butalbital and acetaminophen (phrenilin) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - botanical medical food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples herbals |
|
Definition
| capsaicin (icy hot arthritis therapy, arthricare for women) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples NSAIDs |
|
Definition
choline and magnesium salicylates (trilisate)
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
fenoprofen (naprofen)
ibuprofen (motrin, advil)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
magnesium salicylate (doans pills, bayer select backache pain formula)
meclofenamate (meclomen)
meloxicam*(mobic)
naproxen*(aleve, midol extended relief) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples radiopharmaceutical |
|
Definition
samarium sm 153 lexidronam (quadramet)
strontium 89 chloride (metastron) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications interact with opiod receptors in the CNS, acting as agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (enkephalins and endorphins). this action alters perception and response to pian. they can be categorzied as long-acting, short-acting, or rapid-onset agents
they are all schedule II drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage of moderate to severe pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics examples |
|
Definition
alfentanil (alfenta)
buprenorphine (buprenex)
butorphanol (stadol)
codeine* (generic)
fentanyl (duragesic)
hydrocodone* (norco, vicodin)
hydromorphone (dilaudid, exalgo)
levorphanol (levodromoran)
meperidine (demerol)
methadone (dolophine)
morphine
nalbuphine (nubain)
oxycodone* (oxycontin, percocet)
oxymorphone (opana ER)
pentazocine (talwin)
remifentanil (ultiva)
sufentanil (sufenta)
tapentadol (nucynta)
tramadol* (rybix, ryzolt, ultram) |
|
|
Term
these medications moderate activity and excitement while inducing a calming effect (and may be anxiolytic). they induce drowsiness and sleep
most are schedule IV drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provide sedation, usually prior to procedures
selected agents are useful as anticonvulsants, skeletal muscle relaxants, adjuncts in general surgery and adjuntcts for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples -barbiturates |
|
Definition
amobarbital (amytal)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton)
secobarbital (seconal) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (intermediate-acting) |
|
Definition
estazolam (prosom)
lorazepam* (ativan)
temazepam (restoril) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (long acting) |
|
Definition
clorazepate 9tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
flurazepam (dalmane) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (short acting) |
|
Definition
midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - Herbals |
|
Definition
chamomile
dill
kava kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - other |
|
Definition
chloral hydrate (somnote
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
dexmedetomidine (precedex)
droperidol (inapsine)
eszopiclone (luesta)
hydroxyzine* (atarax, vistaril)
promethazine* (phenergan)
ramelteon (sonata)
zolpidem* (ambien) |
|
|
Term
| these medications act centrally on the spinal cord or brain stem and inhibit neuronal transmission; dantrolene is the only one that acts directly on skeletal muscle. they are typically classified by their pharmacologic properties as either antispasticity or antisasmodic agents |
|
Definition
| skeletal muscel relaxants |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants uses |
|
Definition
treat spasticity associated with spinal cord disease (such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis) or lesions
relieve symptoms of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (as adjuctive therapy) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - antispasticity agents |
|
Definition
baclofen (lioresal)
dantrolene (dantrium)
tizanidine (zanaflex) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - musculoskeletal agents |
|
Definition
carisoprodol* (soma, soprodal, vanadom)
chlorzoxazone (parafon forte DSC)
cyclobenzaprine* (flexeril)
metaxalone (skelaxin)
methocarbamol (robaxin)
orphenadrine (norlex) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications convert plasminogen to plasmin, which then degrades fibrin in clots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute management of coronary thrombosis (MI), massive pulmonary emboli, DVT, and arterial thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alteplase (activase)
reteplase (retavase)
streptokinase (streptase)
tenecteplase (TNKase)
urokinase (abbokinase) |
|
|
Term
these medications directly stimulate alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors, producing vascular smooth muscle vasconstriction (ergot derivatives)
narrow dilated blood vessels and block nerves from transmitting signals of pain to the brain (5-HT 1 agonists) |
|
Definition
| vascular headache suppressants |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants uses |
|
Definition
| treat vascular headaches (migraines and cluster headaches |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - 5-HT1 agonists |
|
Definition
almotriptan (axert)
eletriptan (relpax)
frovatriptan (frova)
naratriptan (amerge)
rizatriptan (maxalt)
sumatriptan (imitrex)
zolmitriptan (zomig) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - beta blockers |
|
Definition
propranolol (inderal)
timolol (timoptic) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - Ca channel blocker |
|
Definition
| verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - ergots |
|
Definition
dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45)
erotamine (ergomar) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are potent vasoconstrictors that produce a rise in BP (specifically an increase in mean arterial pressure) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control blood pressure in hypotensive states, such as (cardiogenic, septic) shock, drug reactions, spinal anesthesia
prolong anesthesia
treat certain heart rhythm problems, including cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dopamine
epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin)
midodrine (proamatine)
norepinephrine (levophed)
phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) |
|
|
Term
| important to know about anticonvulsants |
|
Definition
these medications should not be discontinued suddenly because they may cause insomnia or seizures
may increase sensitivity to sunlight; even brief exposure to sun can cause a severe sunburn or rash. clients should also avoid using tanning beds |
|
|
Term
| Anticonvulsants Black box warnings! Some anticonvulsants (_____ for example) may cause |
|
Definition
| carbamazepine...may cause fatal dermatologic reactions, including steven-johnson syndrome or toxic epidural necrolysis. D/C carbamazepine at the first sign of rash. Clients of chinese ancestry are at the highest risk to develop these reactions |
|
|
Term
| most common adverse effect of loop diruetics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clients taking loop diuretics may require what |
|
Definition
| supplemental potassium, folic acid, and vitamin B |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a mild loop diuretic that is chemaically related to theophylline (one of the products of the breakdown of caffeine). it is added to acetaminophen in New tylenol for women, backaid, and diurex (used to treat premenstrual bloating and backache associated with fluid retention.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: calcium carbonate - |
|
Definition
| cost-effective calcium supplement that is absorbed best when taken with food - at breakfast and dinner |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: K lyte - |
|
Definition
| is available as an effervescent tablet. advise clients to drop the tablet into a glass and add at least 4 ounces of cold water or juice. Drink the solution slowly. (over 5 to 10 minutes), just after a meal. Stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the drug |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: although primarily used to treat conditions resulting from calcium deficiency (such as tetany), calcium gluconate is also used to |
|
Definition
| relieve muscle cramping from black widow spider bites. it is the antidote for magnesium sulfate overdosage |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: how are they given |
|
Definition
| administered through intramuscular or intravenous injection, irrigation, topical skin application, or inhalation. Since aminoglycosides break down in the stomach they are not given orally |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: important to know |
|
Definition
| can be fairly toxic, so they are given for a short period of time. after initial treatment, the client is switched to a less toxic antiinfective (once the causative agent of infection is identified) |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: side effects |
|
Definition
| a common side effect is hearing loss. gentamicin toxicity is the most common cause of bilateral vestibulopathy (damage to both inner ears). symptoms of toxicity include imbalance and oscillopsia (transient visual blurring when moving the head) |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: isoniazid can lead to |
|
Definition
| symptoms of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency, including peripheral neuropathy. Daily doses of 10-50mg/day of vit B6 can prevent and reverse peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: rifampin can cause |
|
Definition
| reddish orange discoloration of saliva, sweat, tears, feces, urine and skin. clients should not wear soft contact lenses while taking this med |
|
|
Term
| most effective drugs in treating TB are |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid. these 2 drugs are used with pyrazinamide and either streptomycin or ethambutol for at least 2 months after intial diagnosis. thereafter, treatment continues with rifampin and isoniazid(usually for at least 4 more months) |
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: these drugs can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: warning for these drugs |
|
Definition
| can cause angioedema (swelling at back of throat), a rare complication that may rapidly lead to cardiac arrest. This reaction can occur up to 1 year later |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: can act as what |
|
Definition
| can act as a male contraceptive (stops entry of sperm into egg) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: who shouldn't take these meds |
|
Definition
| clients over age 60 because of the risk of severe constipation |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: warning - |
|
Definition
| educate your clients about not eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice when taking these meds. the combination ccauses a higher bioavailability of the drug and can be toxic |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: Capsaicin education |
|
Definition
| the active component of chili peppers, is a skin irritant and produces a burning sensation in any tissue it touches. it works by depleting or interfering with substance P, a chemical involved in transmitting pain impulses to the brain. remind clients to wash their hands after topical admin. |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: strontium-89 chloride is a |
|
Definition
| radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously to help relieve the bone pain associated with some cancers |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: acetaminophen education |
|
Definition
| acetaminophen is found in more than 600 OTC drugs. educate your pt to read labels and reinforce the recommended maximum daily dose is now 3000 mg (down from 4000mg) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: important to know about atypical antipsychotic meds |
|
Definition
| can cause major weight gain and metabolism changes. they may also increase the risk of developing diabetes and high cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: although much more common with long term use of the typical antipsychotics, both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause |
|
Definition
| extrpyramidal side effects, such as muscle stiffness, tremors, abnormal movements |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: black box warning |
|
Definition
| conventional antipsychotic drugs can increase the risk of death for elderly people who have lost touch with reality (psychosis) due to dementia. They are not approved for treating dementia-related psychosis |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: what are shown to help lower cholesterol |
|
Definition
| garlic, alfalfa, omega3 acid ethyl esters, nuts and niacin |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: a statin can be taken when |
|
Definition
| in one daily dose, usually in the evening when it is more effective |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: statins can occasionally cause what |
|
Definition
| muscle pain or weakness due to the muscle enzyme creatine kinase (CK) leaking into the blood stream. statin related muscle pain resolves when the med is stopped. |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: education for amiodarone |
|
Definition
| sometimes causes the skin to take on a blue-gray color, especially in areas exposed to the sun. the coloring will go away once the med is stopped (but may take up to several mo) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: Dronedaron (multaq) important info |
|
Definition
| the FDA issued a safety announcement in 2011 about dronedarone (multaq). clients taking this have an increased risk of adverse events including serious cardiovascular and death. |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: loperamide (imodium) other uses |
|
Definition
| used to reduce the amount of stool in people who have an ileostomy |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: a common temporary side effect of bismuth subsalicylate is |
|
Definition
| a dark tint of the tongue or stool. do not confuse this with black and tarry stools, which are a sign of bleeding in the intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: subsalicylate can cause a serious and sometimes fatal condition |
|
Definition
| called reye's syndrome in children. do not give bismuth subsalicylate to children or teens |
|
|
Term
| diuretics: potassium sparing: have a weak |
|
Definition
| diuretic and antihypertensive properties |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: what can interfere with it |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen) can decrease blood flow to the kidneys and may also interfere with sodium and water excretion, decreasing the effectiveness of diuretic drugs |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: apironolactone (aldactone) acts like what |
|
Definition
| progesterone in the body, causing side effects like impotence, gynecomastia, irregular meses, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: goldeneal root info |
|
Definition
| thought to have antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: how long do clients take it |
|
Definition
| since fungal spores can survive for long periods of time, clients may need to take the med for several mo or longer |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: azole antifungal education |
|
Definition
| azole antifungals can cause liver damage. hepatotoxicity may occur if combined with other hepatotoxic agents, including alcohol. instruct clients to notify their HCP if they notice abd pain, fever, diarrhea, but especially if they have unusual fatigue, anorexia, jaundice, dark urine or pale stools |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals or snacks), with a full glass of water (no dairy products) |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: who should avoid these meds |
|
Definition
| children under 8 and pregnant women. they can cause permanent staining of developing teeth (including those of a fetus) and/or affect the strength and shape of bones |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: like other infectives, tetracyclines may |
|
Definition
| decrease the effectiveness of some oral contraceptives. Use another method of birth control while taking these drugs |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: drugs for treating asthma (like theophylline and aminophylline) are structurally similar to |
|
Definition
| caffeine avoid food/drinks high in caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: advise clients to use aluterol how |
|
Definition
first if using other inhalation medications (and wait about 5 minutes before administering another inhalant med)
clients should prime the unit before using, discard the canister after 200 sprays, rinse their mouth with water after each inhalation dose, and regularly clean the mouthpiece |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: inject an epipen how |
|
Definition
| directly through clothing, into the outer thigh and hold in place for 10 sec to deliver all the med |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: midazolam edu |
|
Definition
| causes amnesia without loss of consciousness and is often used during endoscopy and colonoscopy procedures |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: ramelteon edu |
|
Definition
| designed to be a chemical mimic of the endogenous hormone melatonin and is used to treat people who have difficulty falling asleep. it is the only hypnotic prescription med in the US that is not a controlled substance |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: warning - |
|
Definition
| even a slight overdose of one of the older barbiturates can induce coma and death (due to profound CNS depression) however, and overdose of a benzodiazepine or the newere non benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics will typically produce anesthesia without the risk (...unless combined with ETOH) |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines: short acting benzodiazepines, such as estazolam (prosom) and temazepam (restoril) are generally used for |
|
Definition
| patients with sleep-onset insomnia without daytime anxiety |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: flunitrazepam (rohypnol) is a benzodiazepine that is not |
|
Definition
| manufactured or legally marketed in the US. commonly known as "rophies," "roofies," and "roach" and is used as the "date rape" drug |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: long acting benzodiazepines, such as bhlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flurazepam, should not be used |
|
Definition
| in the elderly since they are more sensitive to their effects and metabolize the drugs less efficiently. Older clients taking these drugs have an increased risk of falls and may experience cognitive impairment. |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: important to know about administration |
|
Definition
| start 2 IV lines prior to therapy (one for this therapy and the second on for any other infusions). Invasive procedures, including venipuncture (especially at noncompressible sites, e.g., jugular vein, subclavian site), should be avoided after thrombolytic therapy is started |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: what is the antidote |
|
Definition
| aminocaproic acid may be used as an antidote. In life-threatening situation, the client may also need whole blood transfusions, fibrinogen infusions, and other emergency measures |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: alteplase - |
|
Definition
| used in the management of acute ischemic stroke in adults. treatment should be initiated within 3 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms (and after confirmation of no intracranial bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: important to know |
|
Definition
| that although effective, often replaced by antidepressants that are safer and cause fewer side effects |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: what should people avoid |
|
Definition
| mixing MAOIs and tyramine can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. People taking MAOIs should avoid food and medicines with high levels of tyramine (such as cheeses, wines, pickles; decongestants and other over-the-counter cold medications) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: mixing st john's wart and MAOIs |
|
Definition
| can cause dangerously high levels of serotonin (serotonin syndrome) resulting in confusion, rapid or irregular heartbeat, dilated pupils, fever, and unconsciousness. ask you clients if they are using herbal remedies to treat their depression |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should decrease |
|
Definition
| sodium and increase both potassium and calcium in their diets. they should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice since they may increase serum levels of these meds |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: how should the client take this med |
|
Definition
| whether a dose is ordered daily or every other day, the client should take the med in the morning (with food) to coincide with the body's normal secretion of cortisol |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should not receive what |
|
Definition
| a "live" vaccine. they should call their primary care practitioner if they are expsed to chicken pox or measles (since these conditions can be fatal in people who are using steroids.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease the ability of blood to clot and therefore increase bleeding; all NSAID medicines should be stopped prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| take with a full (6-8 oz) of water. if stomach upset occurs, take with food, milk, or an antacid (yes, really... unlike other medications, they are ok to take with an antacid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teach your client to check labels on all medications since many medications contain aspirin or other aspirin-like NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: donepezil (aricept) is available as ... Rivastigmine (exelon is available as ... |
|
Definition
| an orally disintegrating tablet. Rivastigmine (exelon) is available as a transdermal preparation. These safe and effective forms of administration may improve compliance |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| by starting at the lowest possible dose and titrate gradually to minimize cholinergic adverse effects |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: what do these drugs do |
|
Definition
| only postpone the worsening of symptoms. there is no cure for alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - nitrates: warning - |
|
Definition
| clients should not take sildenafil (viagra), vardenafil (levitra), or tadalafil (cialis) within 24 to 36 hours of taking nitrates. the combination can cause a significant and dangerous drop in bp |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: important to know about the effects of the med |
|
Definition
| the helpful effects wear off after about 2 years of treatment, so alternative treatment approaches will be needed. This is known as the "on-off phenomenon" |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: amantadine was developed for |
|
Definition
| prevention of influenza virus infection, but has antiparkinsonian properties |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: anticholinergics are often needed to |
|
Definition
| control the extrpyramidal side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. However, these drugs may cause confusion and hallucinations in individuals over age 70 and should be avoided for these clients. |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: most antidepressant medications - including SSRIs can causee |
|
Definition
| weight gain of 10 pounds (or more) in 1 out of 4 people |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: which drugs are better for elderly and children |
|
Definition
| due to its short half life (and few drug interactions) sertraline is the drug of choice for treating depression in the elderly. Conversely, due to its long half life, fluoxetine is a better choice for children |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: warning - |
|
Definition
| all antidepressants have "black box" warnings due to an increased risk of suicidal thinking or attempts in children and adolescents |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: these drugs are effective against |
|
Definition
| a slightly wider range of bacteria than penicillin. they can be used for people with penicillin allergies |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: the azithromycin "Z Pak" |
|
Definition
| consists of 6 capsules prepackaged in a blister card. the client takes 2 capsules the first day, followed by 1 capsule for the remaining 4 days |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: older clients who take Ca channel blockers are at risk for |
|
Definition
| hypotension or shock if they take erythromycin or clarithromycin. if a macrolide is required, these patients should be prescribed azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: like other diuretics, these drugs |
|
Definition
| increase urination so they are best taken early in the day |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: thiazide diuretics tend to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: most diuretics are |
|
Definition
| sulf drugs - be sure to check for allergies prior to administration |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: organisms resistant to |
|
Definition
| beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin is used to treat or prevent |
|
Definition
| dangerous illnesses associated with biological warfare, such as anthrax and plague |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: black box warning - |
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolones use increases the likelihood of tendonitis and tendon rupture |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates may either be taken |
|
Definition
| every day, once or twice a week, or once a month |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates must be taken how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach, in the morning, and with a full glass of water. remain sitting upright for 30 minutes and avoid strenuous activity in order to prevent heartburn |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: although the benefits of bisphosphonates are great, |
|
Definition
| serious problems have been reported with bone healing, especially following dental surgery |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: most of the generic names of proton pump inhibitors end in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: clients over age 50 or who are severely ill |
|
Definition
| may become temporarily confused while taking H2 blockers, especially cimetidine |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: sucrlfate (a substituted sugar molecule with no nutritional value) has been used for the prevention of |
|
Definition
| stress ulcers commonly seen in burn victims. it reacts iwth existing stomach acid to form a thick coating that covers the surface of an ulcer and protects it from further damage. it does not inhibit gastric acid production. |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: for most clients, treatment of RA usually begins with |
|
Definition
metotrexate (or leflunomide). methotrexate is taken once a week and since it is a folic acid antagonist, clients must add 1 mg folic acid supplement daily
like other DMARDs, methotrexate increases the risk of liver damage. clients should have regular liver function tesets |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: tell clients who take sulfasalazine that their |
|
Definition
| urine, tears, and sweat may develop an orange tinge, which can stain clothing and contact lenses |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: the most significant side effect of biologic agents is an |
|
Definition
| increased risk of all types of infections, including TB. clients must have a TB skin test prior to starting therapy. Stop treatment if the client develops an active infection or has a high fever |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: there are 4 categories of opioids |
|
Definition
endogenous (produced by the body)
opium alkaloids (morphine)
semi-synthetic opioids (such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorthone)
fully synthetic opioids (such as propoxyphene, tramadol, and pentazocine) |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and fentanyl buccal tablets are |
|
Definition
| rapid onset opioids that do not have to be swallowed. they are approved for the treatment of cancer related breakthrough pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: the opioid antagoinist drug = |
|
Definition
| Naloxone (narcan) is given IV push to reverse resp. dep. of opioid drugs |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: eptifibatide is dervided and synthesized from |
|
Definition
| a protein in the venom of the pygmy rattlesnake. it is usually used along with aspirin or clopidogrel and heparin |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol is most often used in clients with |
|
Definition
| peripheral vascular disease to reduce leg pain associated with walking (intermittent claudication) by improving blood flow to the leg |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol warning |
|
Definition
| clients diagnosed with HF should never take this med |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors are the most |
|
Definition
potent antiplatelet therapy agents available and cause serious or life threatening bleeding (including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
clients should seek immediate help if they experience purple patches on the skin or other signs of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: cytotoxic drugs are typically non selective and their action |
|
Definition
| affects all rapidly dividing cells. clients undergoing chemo typically experience nausea and vomiting, sores in the mouth, bone marrow suppression and alopecia |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: biological therapy (for example, monoclonal antibodies) is a relatively new way to |
|
Definition
| treat cancer. it uses the body's immune system to fight cancer or to lessen the side effects caused by some cancer treatments |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: health care workers should |
|
Definition
| limit their exposure to these meds. all personnel who handle antineoplastic drugs must receive info and training about the health hazards and must be monitored in a medical surveillance program |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: following IV admin of these meds |
|
Definition
| intracranial pressure falls within 60 to 90 min |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: extravasation (leakage) of mannitol can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: the most serious adverse effect of mannitol is |
|
Definition
| fluid and electrolyte imbalance. fluid loss leads to significant dehydration and, without adequate fluid replacement, can lead to hypernatremia |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: what two drugs may increase the risk of hyperkalemia when admin with penicillin |
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretics and ace inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: how should liquid penicillin V be stored |
|
Definition
| store liquid penicillin V in a refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze. throw away unused med after 14 days |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: in rare cases, an allergy to penicillin can cause an anaphylactic reaction. in cases of anaphylactic shock medical first aid includes: |
|
Definition
cardiopulmonary assessment and supportive measures (including oxygenation)
IM epinephrine
assessing and securing airway (intubation)
IV normal saline
inhaled beta 2 agonist (albuterol)
antihitamines (H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists) |
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers: beta blockers are used to |
|
Definition
| calm the brain. they decrease palpitations during panic attacks, decrease essential tremors, and decrease situational anxiety. they may also decrease migraine headaches in some people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clients should contact their physician before they discontinue their medication. abrupt withdrawal can cause severe exacerbation of angina and cause heart attacks or sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - sulfonamides: sulfonamides were the first type of anti-infectives used to treat and prevent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: while taking sulfa drugs, avoid |
|
Definition
| herbs with a diuretic effect, such as bearberry, parsley, dandelion leaf, and sarsaparilla. Basil may affect absorption of sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: about 3% of the population is allerlgic to sulfa drugs. groups at higher risk include those who |
|
Definition
| metabolize these medications more slowly (elderly) and those with immune problems (such as AIDs). reactions can range from hives and photosensitivity to life threatening anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: what can reduce the effects of anticoagulation drug therapy |
|
Definition
| foods rich in vit K (leafy, green veggies) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: be sure to ask your clients if they are using |
|
Definition
| herbal remedies: ginseng and st john's wort can decrease PT/INR. Ginkgo biloba, garlic, chamomile, and licorice root can increase PT/INR |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: therapeutic range of effectiveness of anticoagulants is approximately |
|
Definition
| 1.5-2 or 2.5 times the normal lab values. be sure to know the lab results before administering anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins can be used as an alternative for clients who are allergic to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins are 3 times more effective than penicillin for treating |
|
Definition
| bacterial throat infections such as strep throat |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: the oral suspension of cefprozil (cefzil) contains phenylalanine. it should not be prescribed for clients with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: benzodiazepines are better for |
|
Definition
| intermittent or short term use in management of anxiety. buspirone paroxetine, and venlafaxine are better for long term use. |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: derived form the root of the plant, valerian is frequently used as a |
|
Definition
| sedative to improve sleep. valerian should be stopped at least 1 week prior to surgery since it may interact with anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: elderly clients have increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines, associated with an increased risk of |
|
Definition
| falls. Alprazolam appears on the Beers list (medications inappropriate for the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): antidepressant discontinuation syndrome can occur if |
|
Definition
| medication was taken for at least 6 weeks. theis syndrome causes flu like symptoms, insomnia, imbalance, sensory disturbances, and hyperarousal |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): what is the most frequent side effect that will cause some people to stop treatement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): use of what while taking SNRIs and other antidepressants, may increase the risk of bleeding |
|
Definition
| aspirin, NSAIDs or anticoagulants (such as warfarin) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants can cause |
|
Definition
| sedation. even if taken at bedtime, the client may feel tired the next day |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: at the onset of treatment, may cause feelings of |
|
Definition
| restlessness or anxiousness, increased perspiration or night sweats, and clouded thinking or difficulty concentrating. although usually short lived, these effects may cause your pt to stop taking this med |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants are one fo the leading causes of |
|
Definition
| death by drug overdose in the US (due to lethal cardiac complications) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: long acting insulin meds are known as |
|
Definition
| basal insulins and help clients aboid blood sugar level spikes and nocturnal hypoglycemia. administer once a day, at the same time each day (usually bedtime) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: remind the hclient to eat when while using rapid acting insulin |
|
Definition
| 5 to 10 minutes after using rapid acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: oral antidiabetic agents can be used how |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination as effective therapy for type 2 diabetics. however, these oral meds sometimes stop working after a few months or years (the cause is often unknown) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ are portent and cost effective glucose lowering agents but all of them cause weight gain and may not be the best choice for obese clients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ can cause people to sunburn more easily. clients should be warned to wear protective clothing and use (SPF 30 or higher) sunscreen when they are outdoors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ may also be used to treat intractable hiccups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: clinical trials indicate that _____ can effectively reduce nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and post op. it is not as effective for chemotherapy induced nausea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ can even prevent the anticipatory nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxi drugs. it comes in a tablet that rapidly dissolves in saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: take fexofenadine how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach with a glass of water. do not take with juice or antacids, which reduce absorption |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: geriatric clients are at risk for |
|
Definition
| orthostatic hypotension with many antihistamines; advise clients to change positions slowly. antihistamiens appear on the Beers list |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: _____ has multiple uses and is often combined with many other OTC meds. be sure to determine why the med was ordered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: the client may have an increase in what when first starting this med |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: clients with the metabolic condition called glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should not take drugs b/c |
|
Definition
| they risk severe damage to red blood cells, leading to anemia |
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: anaphylaxis and infusion reactions have been reported during and after administration of |
|
Definition
| pegloticase. pre medicate with antihistamines and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: when clients use both an inhaled steroid and inhaled bronchodilator how should they take them |
|
Definition
| they should use the bronchodilator first to open up airways, then wait a few minutes, and use the steroid so it can penetrate the lungs more effectively. Rinse and spit after using the inhalers |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: although anticholinergics are FDA approved for treating asthma attacks in an emergency room setting, they are primarily used for treating |
|
Definition
| smoking related COPD (emphysema) |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: the dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of peak serum theophylline concentration measurements, therapeutic level is between |
|
Definition
| 10 and 20mcg/ml. draw peak serum theophylline levels 15 to 30minutes after administering IV loading dose. ensure that diazepam is readily available to treat seizures |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: CNS stimulants can be |
|
Definition
| habit forming and therefore have a high potential for abuse |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: to prevent sleep problems |
|
Definition
| clients should take methylphenidate early in the day, before 6pm |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: may cause sudden death in |
|
Definition
| individuals with heart defects or serious heart problems. ask clients whether anyone in their family has an irregular heartbeat or has died suddenly |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: while on medications that lower the body's resistance, clients should not have |
|
Definition
| immunizations. those living in the same household should not take the oral polio vaccine since they could pass the polio virus to the client |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporine helps control the |
|
Definition
| symptoms of psoriasis. it comes in capsule or liquid form. clients should dilute the liquid in room temperature orange or apple juice (but never grapefruit juice) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: warning |
|
Definition
| there is a risk of severe, life threatening birth defects caused by thalidomide. it must not be taken by women who are pregnant or who could become pregnant. male clients taking thalidomide should not donate sperm |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: extended or regular use of laxatives can result in |
|
Definition
| dependence or even chronic constipation |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: docusate is often used after a |
|
Definition
| heart attack or post op, when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: advise client that laxatives should not be used when |
|
Definition
| constipation is accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, N/V |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: controlled studies have shown the herb ____ reduces the frequency of migraine attacks. are available in capsules or tablets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: when taken regularly these medications can reduce the number of migraine attacks: |
|
Definition
| amitriptyline (antidepressant); propanolol; verapamil; valproic acid,gabapentin and topiramate (seizure medications); and boulinum toxin (botox) |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: the serotonin receptor agonists (the triptans) do not prevent migraines. thaken at the first signs of a migraine, the prevent |
|
Definition
| symptoms from getting worse (severe throbbing, nausea, and sensitivity to sound and light). the erogts (dihydroergotamine and ergotamine) also help stop migraine attacks. |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: phenylephrine may be used to treat |
|
Definition
| priapism (painful, prolonged erections in men) |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: since midodrine can cause severe systolic supine hypertension it should not be given when |
|
Definition
| after the evening meal or less than 4 hours before bedtime. be sure to monitor the supine and standing bp regularly |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: to reduce the risk of local necrosis , |
|
Definition
| phentolamine (an alpha blocker) may be added to IV solutions containing norepinephrine. administer norepinephrine inot a large vein, such as an antecubital vein. |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: ARBs are often used for people who |
|
Definition
| cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. (note: they are not a substitute for ace inhibitors and do not prolong life the way ace inhibitors do |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: who shouldn't take them |
|
Definition
| women who are pregnant should not take ARBs because they cause birth defects (pregnancy category D in the 2nd and 3rd trimester) |
|
|
Term
| Do not delegate what you can |
|
Definition
| EAT evaluate, assessment, teaching |
|
|
Term
| Addisons disease labs look like... |
|
Definition
down, down, down, up, down
hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased blood volume, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia
dark pigmentatoin of skin, decreased resistance to stress, fractures, alopecia, weight loss, GI distress
Addisonian crisis:
n/v, confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia, dehydration, decreased BP |
|
|
Term
| Cushings disease labs look like... |
|
Definition
up, up, up, down, up
hypernatremia, hypertension, increased blood vol, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
prone to infection, muscle wasting, weakness, edema, HTN, hirsutism, moon face/buffalo hump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| K (do not give potassium without adequate urine output) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appearance (color pink, pink and blue, blue [pale])
Pulse (>100, <100, absent)
grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
0 to 10 range
8-10: newborn adjusting well
5-7: requires some resuscitative interventions
less than 5: vigorous resuscitation |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions
Airborne: |
|
Definition
My
chicken
Hez
TB
or remember...
MTV = airborne
Measles
TB
Varicella-chicken pox/Herpes zoster-Shingles
Private room - negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr
Mask, N95 for TB
Before entering:
1.Wash hands
2. Don N95 Respirator (Mask)
3. Don gown then gloves |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions:
Droplet |
|
Definition
Think SPIDERMAN:
Sepsis
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal pharngitis
Paovoviirus B19
Pneumonia
Pertussis
Influenza
Diptheria [pharngeal]
Epiglottitis
Rubella
Mumps
Meningitis
Mcoplasma or menningeal pneumonia
AN - adenovirus
private room or cohort
mask |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions:
Contact precautions: |
|
Definition
MRS. WEE
Multidrug resistant organism [MRSA, ESBL, PRSP, and MDRP]
Respiratory infection
Skin infection
Wound infection
Enteric infection - C diff
Eye infection - conjunctivitis
Skin Infections:
VCHIPS
Varicella zoster
Cutaneous diphtheria
Herpes simplex
Impetigo
Pediculosis
Scabies
Don gown then gloves opposite for removal of PPE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S&S:chest pain, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom
Turn pt to LEFT side LOWER the HOB |
|
|
Term
| Women in labor with un-reasuring FHR: |
|
Definition
late decels, decreased variability, fetal bradcardia
turrn on LEFT side and give O2, stop pitocin, increase IV fluids |
|
|
Term
| Tube feeding w/ decreased LOC |
|
Definition
| position pt on RIGHT side - promotes emptying of the stomach. with the HOB elevated - to prevent aspiration |
|
|
Term
| during epidural puncture - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After lumbar puncture and also oil based myyelogram |
|
Definition
| pt lies in FLAT SUPINE - to prevent HA and leaking of CSF |
|
|
Term
| Position for pt w/ heat stroke |
|
Definition
| lie FLAT with LEGS ELEVATED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position on side of AFFECTED EAR after surgery - allows drainage of secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt will sleep on UNAFFECTED SIDE with a night shield for 1-4 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low or semi fowler's, support head, neck and shoulders
prevent neck flexion/ hyperextension, trach at bedside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
position PRONE so that sac does not rupture
keep normal saline at bed side
precursor to latex injury |
|
|
Term
| Buck's traction (skin traction) |
|
Definition
| elevate foot of bed for counter traction |
|
|
Term
| After total hip replacement = |
|
Definition
| don't sleep on operated side, don't flex hip more than 45 - 60 degrees, don't elevate HOB more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knee to chest position or trendelenburg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to suture line. while feeding, hold in upright position |
|
|
Term
| To prevent dumping syndrome |
|
Definition
post op ulcer or stomach surgeries
eat in reclining position, lie down afterr meals for 20-30 minutes also restrict fluids during meals, low Carbohydrate and fiber diet, small frequent meals |
|
|
Term
| Above the knee amputation |
|
Definition
| elevate for first 24 hours on pillow, position prone daily to provide for hip extention |
|
|
Term
| Below the knee amputation |
|
Definition
| foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours, position prone daily to provide for hip extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of detachment should be in the dependent poition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position pt in LEFT SIDE LING position [sims] with knee flexed |
|
|
Term
| After supratentorial surgery |
|
Definition
incision behind hairline
elevate HOB 30-45 degrees |
|
|
Term
| After infratentorial surgery |
|
Definition
incision at nape of neck
position pt flat and lateral on either side |
|
|
Term
| during internal radiation |
|
Definition
| on BEDREST while implant is in place |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic dysreflexia/hyperreflexia |
|
Definition
S&S: pounding HA, profuse sweating, nasal congestion, goose flesh, bradycardia, hypertension
place pt in SITTING POSITION (ELEVATE HOB) FIRST BEFORE AN OTHER IMPLEMENTATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bed rest with extremities elevated 20 degrees, knees straight, head slightly elevated (reverse trendelenburg] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP |
|
|
Term
| Peritoneal dialysis when outflow is inadequate |
|
Definition
| turn pt from side to side BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after the procedure, the client should be placed in the supine position for 4 to 12 hours as prescribed |
|
|
Term
| pain medication for pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| Demorol not Morphine sulfate |
|
|
Term
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia crisis
cholinergic crisis |
|
Definition
myasthenia gravis:
worsens with exercise and improves with rest
myasthenia crisis:
a positive reaction to Tensilon - will improve Sx
Cholinergic crisis:
caused b excessive medication - stop med- giving Tensilon will make it worse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) crstallizes at room temperature so always use a filter needle |
|
|
Term
| Prior to a liver biopsy it's important to be aware of what lab result |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
From the ass [diarrhea] =
from the mouth (vomit) = |
|
Definition
metabolic ASSidosis
metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair |
|
|
Term
| Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
| accelerated physical and mental function; sensitivity to heat, fine/soft hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, pulse, and HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased Ca
CATS -
convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, stridor
high Ca low phosphorus diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased Ca
fatigue, muscle weakness, renal caliculi, back and joint pain
low Ca high phosphorus diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase resp, hpotension, anxiety, urine specific gravity >1.030 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine specific gravit <1.010; semi-fowlers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased ADH
excessive urine output and thirst, dehydration weakness, administer pitressin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased ADH
change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia, n/v/a, HA; administer Declomycin, diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscle weakness, dysrhythmias
increase K - raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MURDER: muscle weakness, urine (oliguria, aniuria), resp depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching, convulsion; osmotic diuretics, fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, weakness, disorientation/delusions, hypotension, tachycardia; hypotonic solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CATS -
convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, and stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes, sedative effect on CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tremors, tetany, seizures, dysrhythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depresses the CNS, hypotension, facial flushing, muscle weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypersecretion of epi/norepi, persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress, frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid cold and stimulating foods, surgery to remove tumor
tumor of adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: |
|
Definition
NMS is like S&M
you get hot (hyperplexia)
stiff (increased muscle tone)
sweaty (diaphoresis)
BP, P, RR go up
you start to drool |
|
|
Term
| Which is dangerous when you're pregnant; regular measles (rubeola) or german measles [rubella] |
|
Definition
| never get pregnant with a german [rubella] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
remember HOPS
Think DROPS [child drops to floor or squats] or POSH
Defect, septal
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
pulmonary stenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used as antidepressants:
Pirates say arrr, think; pirates take MAOI's when they're depressed
MAOI's used for depression all have an arr sound in the middle [parnate, marplan, nardil] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
potentially life threatening emergency
elevate head of bed 90 degree
loosen constrictive clothing
assess for bladder distention and bowel impaction
administer antihypertenive meds [may cause stroke, MI, seizure] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
check pulse
less than 60 hold
check dig levels and potassium levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of GERD and kidney stones
watch out for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of anxietyy and also itching
watch for dry mouth
given pre op commonly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
given for conscious sedation
watch for resp depression and hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention of thyroid storm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of pakinson
sweat, saliva, urine, ma turrn rreddish brown occasionally
causes drowsiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of parkinson
sedative effect also |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx of parkinson and EPS of other drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx of postop n/v and for nausea associated with gastrroenteritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotic
dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs
diarrrhea common side effect
drink plenty of fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| probenecid [benemid], colchicine, allopurrinol [zloprim] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of HTN or CHF
report flu like symptoms, rise slowly from sitting/lying position; take with meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of irritable bowel
assess for anticholinergic side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
tx of HTN, angina
assess for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of duodenal ulcers
coats the ulcer
so take before meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of asthma or COPD
therap drug level: 10 - 20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the antedote to tylenol and is administered orally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of glaucoma, high altitude sickness
dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nsaid
tx of arthritis [osteo, rhematoid, gouty], bursitis, and tendonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of hypothyroidism
may take several weeks to take effect
notify Dr of chest pain
take in the AM on empty stomach
could cause hyperthroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of alcohol w/d
dont take alcohol with this
very bad nausea and vomiting can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of leukemia
given IV only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of scabies and lice
scabies: apply lotion once and leave on for 8-12 hours
lice: use the shampoo and leave on for 4 minutes with hair uncovered then rinse with warm water and comb with a fine tooth comb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx after menopause estrogen replacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of seizures
thera drug level is 10-20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of schizophrenia
assess for EPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of ADHD
assess for heart related s/e report immediately...child may need a drug holiday b/c it stunts growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of hypotension, shock, low CO, poor perfusion to vital organs
monitor EKG for arrhythmias monitor BP |
|
|
Term
| Having trouble remembering the patterns in OB |
|
Definition
think VEAL CHOP
V C
E H
A O
L P
V=variable decels; C=cord compression
E=early decels; H=head compression
A=accels; O=okay ,not a problem
L=late decels; placental insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
place the mother in the TRENDELENBERG position b/c this removes pressure of the presenting part off the cord. [if her head is down the baby is no longer being pulled out of the body by gravity
if the cord is prolapsed cover it with sterile saline gauze to prevent drying of the cord and to minimize infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turn the mother to her left side to allow more blood flow to the placenta |
|
|
Term
| for an kind of bad fetal heart rate pattern |
|
Definition
| you give O2, often by mask |
|
|
Term
| when doing an epidural anesthesia |
|
Definition
| hydration before hand is a priority |
|
|
Term
| hypotension and bradypnea/bradycardi |
|
Definition
| are major risks and emergencies |
|
|
Term
| Never check the monitor or a machine as a first action; always |
|
Definition
assess the patient first
for example listen to fetal heart tones with a stethoscope in NCLEX land. Sometimes it's hard to tell who to check on first, the mother or the baby; it's usually easy to tell the right answer if the mother or baby involves a machine. if you're not sure who to check first and one of the choices involves the machine that's the wrong answer |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is a posterior presentation |
|
Definition
| the sounds are heard at the sides |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is anterior |
|
Definition
| the sounds are heard closer to midline, between the umbilicus and where you would listen to a posterior presentation |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is breech |
|
Definition
| the sounds are high up in the fundus near the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is vertex |
|
Definition
| they are a little bit above the symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HOLD
High alarm- Obstruction due to increased secretions, kink, pt coughs, gag or bites
Low pressure alarm - Disconnection or leak in ventilator or in pt airway cuff, pt stops spontaneous breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hot and dry-sugar high(hyperglycemia)
cold and clammy need some candy (hypoglycemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opposite VS
ICP-increased BP decreased P and RR
Shock-decreased BP increased P and RR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right sided HF caused by the right ventricle or pulmonary hypertension
pick edema, jvd, if it's a choice |
|
|
Term
| heroin withdrawal neonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no meat and milk together |
|
|
Term
| pulse area cpr on an infant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| age to test child for lead poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits |
|
|
Term
| when are cultures obtained in relation to antibiotic therapy |
|
Definition
| before starting IV antibiotics obtain cultures |
|
|
Term
| pt with leukemia may experience |
|
Definition
| epitaxis b/c of low platelet count |
|
|
Term
| best way to warm a newborn |
|
Definition
| skin to skin contact covered with a blanket on mom |
|
|
Term
| nurses first action when a pt comes in and she is in active labor |
|
Definition
| listen to fetal heart tone/rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use systemic desensitization |
|
|
Term
| when getting down to two answers, choose the assessment answer (assess, collect, monitor, auscultate, palpate] over the intervention except in an emergency or distress situation. if one answer has an absolute, discard it. Give priority to answers that deal directly to the patient's body, not the machines/equipment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| key words are very important. avoid answers with absolutes for example |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amynoglycosides, like vancomycin, cause |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| should go over at least 2 minutes |
|
|
Term
| if a pt is not a child an answer with family options can be rule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ARDS (fluids in alveoli)&
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
|
Definition
| are always secondary to something else (another disease process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypoxemia - low oxygen level in tissues |
|
|
Term
| what is the best indicator of dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can causes Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy) when given to children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use cold for acute pain (sprained ankle) and heat for chronic (rheumatoid arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| guided imagery is great for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medication administration is rarely a good choice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever and chills are present
for the elderly confusion is often present |
|
|
Term
| antibiotic administration |
|
Definition
| always check for allergies especially PCN. make sure culture and sensitivity has been done before adm. first dose of antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COPD is chronic
pneumonia is acute
emphysema and bronchitis are with COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baroreceptors that detect the CO2 level are destroyed. therefore O2 level must be low because high O2 concentration blows the pt stimulus for breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cushing syndrome = buffalo hump, moon face, high glucose, HTN |
|
|
Term
| 4 options for cancer management |
|
Definition
| chemo, radiation, surgery, die with dignityy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no live vaccines, no fresh fruits, no flowers should be used |
|
|
Term
| chest tubes are placed in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angina = low oxygen to heart = no dead tissue
MI = dead heart tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticholesterol med
must be given with evening meal if it is QD (per day) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the great saphenous vein is taen it is turned inside out due to the valves that are inside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dead tissues cannot have PVC's (premature ventricular contraction) if left untreated pvc's can lead to VF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 tablespoon =____t or ____ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the lungs = potent vasodilator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
coumadin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
ammonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
acetaminophen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
iron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
digoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
opioid analgesic used to detoxify/treat pain in narcotic addicts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysrhthmias. dopamine increases BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| med of choice for asystole (no heart beat) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Med of choice for anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| med of choice for status epilepticus is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| med of choice for bipolar is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is effective in both ventricular and atrial complications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s3 sound normal and not normal when |
|
Definition
| normal in CHF not normal in MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gi med
give before meals to coat stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| given prophylactically to prevent stress ulcers |
|
|
Term
| what should you check after and endoscopy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the diverticulum in the colon
pain is around the LLQ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the appendix
pain is in the RL quadrant with rebound tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portal hypotension +albuminemia |
|
|
Term
| beta cells of the pancrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is morphine contraindicated in pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| causes spasm of the sphincter of oddi. therefore demerol should be given |
|
|
Term
| signs observed in hypocalcemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic enzymes are given when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| petechiae. treat with heparin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous passive motion machine |
|
|
Term
| give prophylactic antibiotic therapy before |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cloud, blurry vision, treated by lens removal surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation ->HA
decreased CO2 causes vasoconstriction-> lightheaded |
|
|
Term
| most spinal cord injuries are at what level |
|
Definition
| lumbar or vervical regions |
|
|
Term
| myelin sheath destruction, disruption in nerve impulse conduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in receptor sites for acetylcholine. since smallest concentration of ACTH receptors are in cranial nerves, expect fatigue and weakness in eye, mastication (chewing), pharyngeal muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test given if muscle is tense in myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascending paralysis (lower limbs before upper). keep eye on respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RAT - rigidity, akinesia (loss of muscle mvt.), tremors.
treat with levodopa |
|
|
Term
| TIA - transient ischemic attack vs CVA cerebrovascular accident |
|
Definition
TIA = mini stroke with no dead brain tissue
CVA = is with dead brain tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cancer of lymph is very curable in early stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
double by 6mo
triple by 1yr |
|
|
Term
| when to hold dig with children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first sign may be meconium ileus at birth. baby is inconsolable, do not eat, not passing meconium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remember for cyanotic - 3T's (ToF, Truncys arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels). Prevent blood from gong to the heart. If problem does not fix itself or cannot be corrected surgically, CHF will occur followed by death |
|
|
Term
| With R side cardiac cath look for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with L side in adults look for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rheumatic fever can lead to |
|
Definition
| cardiac valve malfunctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poor muscle control due to birth injuries and/or decrease oxygen to brain tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
should be <2
measure head circumference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ther level 10-20
can cause gingival hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| two signs to check with suspected meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually encapsulated above the kidneys causing flank pain. do not palpate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is x linked mother passes to son |
|
|
Term
| when phenylalaniine increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children <3, <35 lbs with femur fx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place apparatus first then place the weight |
|
|
Term
| where should the placenta be |
|
Definition
| in upper part of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
flat P HYPERkalemia
prolonged PR HYPERkalemia HYPERmagnesemia
widened QRS HYPERkalemia HYPERmagnesemia
prolonged QT hypocalcemia
prolonged ST hypocalcemia
shortened ST HYPERacalcemia
depressed ST hypokalemia hypomagnesemia
widened T HYPERcalcemia
tall T HYPERkalemia hypomagnesemia
inverted T hypokalemia
shallow
flat
prominent U hypokalemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amniocentesis before 20 weeks gestation |
|
Definition
| check for cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| when do the fontanelles close |
|
Definition
anterior closes at 18 months
posterior closes 6 to 8 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines. swelling reabsorbs within 1 to 3 days |
|
|
Term
| pathological jaundice vs physiological jaundice |
|
Definition
patho = occurs before 24hrs and lasts 7days
physiological= occurs after 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| placenta previa vs placental abruption |
|
Definition
previa= no pain, bleeding present
abruption= pain and bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surfactant
med for lung expansion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baby cannot make it down to canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to halt preterm labor is contraindicated if deep tendon reflexes are ineffective. if pt experiences seizure during magnesium adm. get the baby out stat (emergency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antidepressants
take about 3 weeks to work |
|
|
Term
obsession is to
compulsion is to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
if pt have hallucinations what do you do
if pt has delusions what do you do |
|
Definition
hallucinations - redirect them
delusions - distract them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antipsychotic can lead to EPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to dry up secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an antiemetic used to reduce nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly used tranquilized given to reduce anxiety before OR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when shouldn't you give demerol |
|
Definition
| pt with sickle cell anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oh (olfactory 1)
Oh (optic 2)
Oh (olfactory 3)
To (trochlear 4)
Touch (trigeminal V)
And (abducens VI)
Feel ( Facial VII)
A (auditory VIII)
Girls (Glossopharyngeal IX)
Vagina (vagus X)
And (accessor XI)
Hymen (hypoglassal XII)
S=sensory M=motor B=both
some
say
marry
money
but
my
brother
says
big
bras
matter
more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
greater than 145
SALT
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low grade fever
Thirst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sit at 6 and waves bye bye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stands straight at 8
can sit w/o support
can roll from front to back
can hold a bottle
closure of ant font
can say mama dada
2 teeth present |
|
|
Term
| 10 to 11 mo developmental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 12 and up drink from a cup |
|
|
Term
| 16 to 18 mo developmental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discriminates b/w pic of objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eyes, verbal, motor
it is similar to measuring dating skills... max 15 points
if below 8 you are in coma
so, to start dating you gotta open your eyes first, if you are able to do that spontaneously and use them correctly to SEE whom you dating you earn 4. but if she has to scream at you to open them it is only 3... and 1 you dont care to open even if she tries to hurt you
if you get good EYE contact 4 then move to verbal
talk to him if you can do that you are really oriented in situation take 4 more points... if you like him try not to be confused (3), and of course do not use inappropriate words (3). try not to respond with incomprehensibile sounds (2). if you do not like him just show no verbal response 1.
since you've got eye and verbal contact you can MOVE now using you motor response points. this is very important as moves give you 6pts |
|
|
Term
| the person who hyperventilates is most likely to experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restless, anxious, cyanotic, tachycardia, increased temp... also monitor ABGs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase fat and protein, small frequent meals, lie down after meal to decrease peristalsis, wait 1 hr after meals to drink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O is the universal donor
AB is the universal receipient |
|
|
Term
| a nurse with localized herpes zoster |
|
Definition
| can care for pts as long as they are not immunosuppressed and the lesions must be covered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drug categories should you give with food |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs, corticosteroids, drugs for bipolar, cephalosporins, sulfanomides, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of choice for status epilepticus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases the risk of dig toxicity and decreases the effects of lithium and dilantin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an inhaler used to treat allergy induced asthma ma cause bronchospasms
think iNto the asthmatic lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peptic ulcers caused by H pylori are treated with |
|
Definition
flagyl, prilosec,, and biaxin.
this treatment kills bacteria and stops production of stomach acid, but does not heal the ulcer. |
|
|
Term
| weighted NI (naso intestinal tubes) |
|
Definition
| must float from stomach to intestine. don't tape the tube right away after placement,may leave coiled next to pt on HOB position patient on right to facilitate movement through pylorus |
|
|
Term
| diaphragm as a contraceptive |
|
Definition
| must stay in place 6 hours after intercourse. they are also fitted so must be refitted if you lose or gain a significant amount of weight |
|
|
Term
| best time to take growth horomone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best time to take steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best time to take aricept |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take before meals mucosal barrier; constipation |
|
|
Term
| long term use of amphogel |
|
Definition
| binds to phophates, increases Ca, robs the bones... leads to increased Ca resortion from bones and weak bones |
|
|
Term
| cushings ulcers related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| r/t ICP in brain (htn, bradycaria, irr. resp.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intraocular pressure is greater than normal (22)
tends to be higher in the mornings
give miotics to constric (pilocarpine) no atropine |
|
|
Term
| no dairy sources of calcium |
|
Definition
| rhubarb, sardines, collard greens |
|
|
Term
| nurs consideration for allopurinol |
|
Definition
| push fluids to flush the uric acid out of system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red spots with blue center characteristic of prodromal stage of measles
usually in the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause peripheral neuritis, take vit B6 to prevent also hepatotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red spots with blue center characteristic of prodromal stage of measles
usually in the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red orange tears and urine, also contraceptives dont work as well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to conjunctival sac after wards apply pressure to nasolacrimal duct/inner canthus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| put them in fetal position, NPO, gut rest, prepare antecubital site for PICC because they'll probably be getting TPN/Lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has live cultures don't give to immunosuppressed pt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain with palpation of gallbladder area seen with cholecystitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flank grayish blue pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diverticulitis, low residue, no seeds, nuts, peas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests for PKU, baby should have eaten source of protein first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for pernicious anemia/ how well one absorbs vit b12 |
|
|
Term
| peritoneal dialysis normal vs not normal |
|
Definition
| it's ok to have abdominal craps, blood tinged outflow, and leaking around site if the peritoneal dialysis cat (tenkhoff) was placed in the last 1-2 weeks. cloudy outflow never normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
given at 28 wks, 72 hours post partum, IM. ONly given to Rh NEGATIVE mother
Also if indirect coomb's test is positive, don't need to give rhogam because she has antibody only give if negative coombs |
|
|
Term
| amniotic fluid yellow with particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. EXCEPT with abdomen because you don't want to mess with the bowels and their sounds so you inspect, auscultate, percuss then palpate |
|
|
Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
|
Definition
| is a condition in which there is a degeneration of motor neurons in both the upper and lower motor neuron systems |
|
|
Term
| transesophageal fistula (TEF) |
|
Definition
esophagus doesn't fully develop (this is surgical emergency)
The 3 C's of TEF in the newborn
Choking
coughing
cyanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they put an amulet or any other use of protective charms around their baby's neck to avoid evil eye or envy of others |
|
|
Term
| contraindication for Hep B vaccine |
|
Definition
| anaphylactic reaction to baker's yeast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor thiocynate (cyanide). normal value should be 1, >1 is heading toward toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semi fowlers with knees flexed to relieve lower back pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external rotation, shortening, adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood tinged sputum (r/t inflammation) inc ESR, resp alkalosis (r/t tachypnea), hypocalcemia, increased serum lipids, snow storm on CXR |
|
|
Term
| complications of mechanical ventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tinnitus, bone pain, enlargement of bone, thick bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cheese, corn, cranerries, plums, prunes, meat, poultry, pastry, bread |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milk, veggies, rhubarb, salmon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effect of thyroid hormones |
|
Definition
| insomnia... increased met. rate, your body is too busy to sleep as opposed to the people with hypothyroidism who may report somnolence (dec met rate, body is slow and sleepy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patch the good eye so that the weaker eye can get stronger. BOTOX for strabismus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2LNC or less (hypoxic not hypercapnic drive), PaO2 of 60ish and SaO2 90% is normal for them b/c they are chronic CO2 retainers |
|
|
Term
| neostigmine/atropine (anticholinergic) to reverse effect of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes hypokalemia (amongst many other things.. have to premedicate before giving. Pts will most likely get a fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for hypersensitivity before giving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take with high fat diet - increases absorption |
|
|
Term
| amphogel and renegal take with or without meals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is greatest 7-9mo, separation anxiety peaks in toddlerhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pt's bronchodilator will be with-held and they are not allowed to smoke for 4 hours prior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for glaucoma, can cause hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for ADHD, may alter insulin needs, aboid taking with MAOI's, take in AM (insomnia possible side effect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for retinitis caused by cytomealovirus, pt will need regular eye exams, report dizziness, confusion, or seizures immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to treat and prevent TB, do not give with dilantin, can cause phenytonin toxicity, monitor LFT's , give B6 along with, hypotension will occur initially, then resolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for TB, dyes bodily fluids orange |
|
|
Term
| if mixing antipsychotics (haldol, throazine, prolixin) with fluids |
|
Definition
| med is incompatible with caffine and apple juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preferred anti psychotic in elderly, but high risk EPS, monitor for early signs of reaction and give IM benadryl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for parkinsons, contraindicated in pts with glaucoma, aboid B6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for parkinsons, contraindicated with MAOI's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for sickle cell, report GI symptoms immediately, could be sign of toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for hyperlipidemia, take on empty stomach to enhance absorption, report any unexplained muscle pain, especially in fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| botulin toxin can be used with strabismus also to relax vocal cords in spasmodic dysphonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a psychiatric disorder that causes an individual to self inflict injury or illness or to fabricate symptoms of physical or mental illness in order to receive medical care or hospitalization, in a variation of the disorder, munchausen by proxy, an indidual, typically a mother, intentionally causes or fabricates illness in a child or other person under her care |
|
|
Term
| is a chronic, progressive disease with demyelinating lesions in the CNS which affect the white matter of the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Multiple sclerosis
Motor S/S
Sensory S/S
Cerebral S/S |
|
Definition
Motor - limb weakness, paralysis, slow speech
sensory s/s - numbness, tingling, tinnitus
cerebral s/s- nystagmus, ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
50% genetic, autosomal dominant disorder
s/s chorea -> writhing, twisting, movements of face, limbs and body
- gait deteroirates to no ambulation
-no cure, just palliative care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pt with pyelonephritis (neutrophils kick in to fight infection) |
|
|
Term
| definitive diagnosis for abd aortic aneurysm AAA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pt has hypoactive bowel sounds
when giving Kayexalate watch for dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smell urine on the breath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bile is lower obstruction
no bile is upper obstruction
ribbon like stools |
|
|
Term
| no cantaloupe or fish before what test |
|
Definition
| occult blood test. cantaloup is high in vit c and vit c causes a false postive result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormality in which urethral meatus is located on teh ventral surface of the penis anywhere from the corna to the perineum (remember hypo, low (for lower side or under side) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opeing of the urethra on the dorsal front surface of the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful erection lasting longer than 6 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dry mouth- can't spit
urinary retention - can't ***
constipated - can't ****
blurred vision - can't see |
|
|
Term
| when you see coffee brown emesis, think |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you can only do one thing to help the pt what would it be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| question about halo remember |
|
Definition
| safety first have a screwdriver near by |
|
|
Term
| fetal alcohol syndrome presentation |
|
Definition
upturned nose
flat nasal bridge
thin upper lip
SGA |
|
|
Term
IM Site for
6mo infant
above 18mo
children |
|
Definition
vastus lateralis
ventrofluteal
deltoid and gluteus maximus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OU - both eyes
OS - Left eye
OD - right eye (Dominent right eye to try and remember) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COAL
cane opposite affected leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take v.s., shave area around needle insertion, position patient with arms on pillow on over bed table or lying on side, no more than 1000cc at a time. post - listen for bilateral breath sounds, v.s., check leakage, sterile dressing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| npo 8-12hrs, empty bladder, pulses, tell pt may feel heat palpitations or desire to cough with dye injection. post vs keep leg straight bedrest 6-8 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| well hydrated, lie flat, site shaved, pulses marked, post - keep flat 12-14hrs, check site, pulses, force fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NPO 4-6 hrus, allergy hx, phenothiazines, cns depressants, and stimulants withheld 48 hrs prior, table will be moved to various positions druing test, post - neuro q2-4, water soluble HOB up, oil soluble HOB down, oral analgesics for HA, encourage po fluids, assess for distended bladder, inspect site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adm vit k, nop morning of exam 6 hrs, give sedative, teach pt that he will be asked to hold breath for 5-10 sec, supine position, lateral with upper arms elevated. Post position on right side, frequent vs, report severe ab pain stat, no heavy lifting 1 wk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CO2 used to enhance visual, general anesthesia, foley. post - walk pt to decrease co2 build up used for procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used after mastectomy, empty when full or q8hr, remove plug, empty contents, place on flat surface, cleanse opening and plug with alcohol sponge, compress evacuator completely to remove air, release plug, check system for operation |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
PTB |
|
Definition
| low grade afternoon fever |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
emphysema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
kawasaki syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stepladder like fever with chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pseudo membrane formation |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
measles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
SLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
liver cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
leprosy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
bulimia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
appendicitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
dengue |
|
Definition
| petechiae or + herman's sign |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
meningitis |
|
Definition
kernig's sign - leg flex then leg pain on extension
brudzinski sign
neck flex = lower leg flex |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
tetany |
|
Definition
| hypocalcemia + trousseau's sigh/carpopedal spasm; chvostek sign (facial spasm) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
tetanus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| cullen's sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus; + grey turner spots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
PDA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
intussusception |
|
Definition
| sausage shaped mass, dance sign (empty portion of RLQ) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
MS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
MG |
|
Definition
| descending muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
guillain barre syndrome |
|
Definition
| ascending muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
LTB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
epiglotitis |
|
Definition
3Ds
drooling, dysphonia, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hodgekin's disease/lymphoma |
|
Definition
| painless, progressive enlargement of spleen and lymph tissues, reedstenberg cells |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
Mono |
|
Definition
| hallmark sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
parkinson's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
fibrin hyalin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cystic fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
bladder cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
BPH |
|
Definition
| reduced size and force of urine |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
| nikolsky's sign (separation of epidermis caused by rubbing of the skin) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
retinal detachment |
|
Definition
| visual floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
glaucoma |
|
Definition
| painful vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (peripheral vision loss) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cataract |
|
Definition
| painless vision loss, opacity of the lens, blurring of vision |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
retino blastoma |
|
Definition
| cat's eye reflex - grayish discoloration of pupils |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
acromegaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| gower's sign (use of hands to push one's self form the floor) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
GERD |
|
Definition
| barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the esophageal mucosa) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hepatic encephalopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| bossing sign (prominent forehead) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
ICP |
|
Definition
| hypertension , bradypnea, bradycardia (cushing's triad) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
meniere's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
basilar fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take with jice or water, never with milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
therapeutic drug levels
dilantin
theophylline
acetaminophen
lithium
digoxin |
|
Definition
dilantin 10-20
theophylline 10-20
acetaminophen 10-20
lithium 0.5-1.5
digoxin 0.5-2.0 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an infectious bone disease get blood cultures and give antibiotics, then if necessary surgery to drain abscess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/s edema + hypotension. turn and repostion (risk for impaired skin integrity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serum reatinine elevated and urine clearnce decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hot as a hare (temp), mad as a hatter (LOC), red as a beet (flushed face), and dry as a bone (thirsty) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give diet low fat, high sodium, fat soluble vitamins, aerosal bronchodilators, mucolytics and pancreatic enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/e aggitation, sleep disturb, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/e agranulocytosis, tachycardia and seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toes curl great
toes fan bad |
|
|
Term
| further testing for pregnant women after flucose tolerance test if |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| assessing extraocular eye movements check cranial nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dusk stoma means poor blood supply
protruding means prolapsed
sharp pain + rigidity means peritonitis
mucus in ileal conduit is expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s/e rash (stop), gingival hyperplasia (good hygiene)
toxicity -> poor gait + coordination, slurred speech, nausea, lethargy, and diplopia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenobarbital can be taken dilatin is contraindicated |
|
|
Term
| change in color is always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incentive spirometry steps |
|
Definition
sit upright
exhale
insert mouthpiece
inhale for 3 seconds
and then hold for 10 sec |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MRSA contact precautions only
VRSA contact and airborne |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L level of therapeutic affect is 0.5 -1.5
I indicate mania
T toxic lvl 2-3 - N/V, diarrhea, tremor
H hydrate 2-3L of water/day
I increased UO and dry mouth
U uhoh; give mannitol and diamox if toxic
M maintain Na intake of 2-3g/day |
|
|
Term
| All psych meds - except lithium -s/e are the same as SNS but the BP is DECREASED |
|
Definition
| SNS increase in BP, HR, and RR (dilated bronchioled), dilated pupils (blurred vision), decreased GUT (urinary retention), GIT (constipation), constricted blood vessels and dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| blood transfusion sign of allergies in order |
|
Definition
flank pain
frequent swallowing
rahes
fever
chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
admin diuretics to decrease endolymph in the cochlea, restric Na, lay on affected are when in bed
triad: vertigo, tinnitus, n/v |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in pediatric life threatening emergencies, when iv access cannot be obtained, an osseous (bone) needle is hand drilled into a bone (usually the tibia), where crystalloids, colloids, blood products and drugs can be administered into the marrow.
when venous access is achieved it can be d/c'd. one medication that cannot be administered by intraosseous infusion is isoproterenol, a beta agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are old enough and should have an explanation of what will happen a week before surgery such as tonsillectomy |
|
|
Term
| why is it essential to maintain nasal patency with children <1 yr |
|
Definition
| because they are obligatory nasal breathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cryptorchidism is a known risk factor for testiculaar cancer later in life. start teaching boys testicular self exam around 12, because most cases occur during adolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| will have high protein and low glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precedes rheumatic fever. chorea is part of this sickness (grimacing, sudden body movements, etc.) and it embarrasses kids. they have joint pain. watch for elevated antistreptolysin O to be elevated. Penicillin |
|
|
Term
| the main hypersensitivity reaction seen with antiplatelet drugs is |
|
Definition
| bronchospasm (anaphylaxis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein in the urine confirms multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pallor, tachycardia, and sore red tongue |
|
|
Term
| with flecainide (tambocor) |
|
Definition
| an antiarrythmic, limit fluids and sodium intake, because sodium increases water retention which could lead to HF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release histamine during an allergic response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the treatment of choice for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means it was caused by treatment, procedure, or medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx for breast cancer pt
should report changes in visual acuity, because the adverse effect could be irreversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for short term neuromuscular blocking agent for procedures like intubation and ECT. Norcuron is for intermediate or long term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases the effects of oral anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| typical adverse reaction to oral hypoglycemics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for spasticity, may take a week or more to be effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, vision chages, fatigue, and spasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no phenylalanine - no meat, no dairy, no aspartame |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a positive western blot in a child indicates that the mother is infected. two or more positive p24 antigen tests will confirm HIV in kids <18mo. the p24 can be used at any age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid OPV and Varicella vaccinations (live), but give pneumococcal and influenza. MMR is avoided only if the kid is severely immunocompromised. parents should wear gloves for care, not kiss kids on the mouth, and not share eating utensils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a patient with low hemoglobin and/or hematocrit should be assessed for |
|
Definition
| signs of bleeding, such as dark stools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diastolic times 2 plus systolic divided by 3 |
|
|
Term
| celiac disease can't have |
|
Definition
| BROW barely rice oats wheat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starve a gastric ulcer feed a duo ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
c: change in bowel or bladder habits
a: a sore that doesn’t heal
u: unusual bleeding or discharge
t: thickening or lump
i: indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o: obvious changes in a wart or mole
n: nagging cough or hoarseness. |
|
|
Term
A way we were taught to remember which Beta Blockers are contra-indicated in patients with Resp problems are easy....
Contra-Indicated- so think.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
q 4 weeks -28-32 weeks
q 2 weeks -32-36 weeks
q1 week -36-40 weeks |
|
|
Term
| These medications slow the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), decreasing the production of angiotensin II. As a result blood vessels relax and dilate, blood pressure lowers, and more oxygen rich blood reaches the heart. |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What are ACE inhibitors used for? |
|
Definition
| control blood pressure, treat heart failure, and help prevent strokes. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of ACE inhibitors = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels. As a result blood vessels dilate and blood pressure drops |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ARBs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control high blood pressure and treat heart failure
slow the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These Medications:
May prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Help regulate the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in the processing, storage and retrieval of information (NMDA receptor antagonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uses for anti alzheimer's agents include |
|
Definition
treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine)
Memantine is used to treate moderate-to -severe alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Two types of Anti-Alzheimer Agents = |
|
Definition
cholinesterase inhibitors = mild to moderate alzheimer disease
NMDA receptor antagonist - used to treat moderate to severe alzheimer's disease. |
|
|
Term
| cholinesterase inhibitors include |
|
Definition
donepezil* (Aricept)
galantamine (Razadyne)
Rivastigmine (Exelon) |
|
|
Term
| NMDA receptor antagonist - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria and compromise the structure of the bacterial cell wall |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| Uses for Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
treat and prevent severe infections, such as septicemia (bacteria in the blood) and severe urinary tract infections
Treat hospital acquired respiratory infections, caused by aerobic, gram negative bacteria, e.g., as Escherichia coli and dlebsiella species. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
| END IN MYCIN exceptamikacin (Amikin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mold Cephalosporium. Like Penicillins, they interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Cephalosporins uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent a wide variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. |
|
|
Term
| cephalosporins examples = |
|
Definition
| Start with CEF 4 Generations |
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they are the only class of antimicrobial agents in clinical use that directly inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones uses include |
|
Definition
treat wide range of infections of the sinuses, skin, lungs, ears, airways, urinary tract, bones, and joints caused by gram negative and gram positive organisms
prevent and treat anthrax |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Flurorquinolones - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are bacteriostatic. They inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction by interfering with their ability to make proteins |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides uses |
|
Definition
treat various systemic and local bacterial infections of the resp. tract, GI tract, and soft tissues
treat severe acne and sexually transmitted infections
prevent whopping cough, as well as endocarditis in dentistry |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides examples - |
|
Definition
end in myocin...
azithromycin *(zithromax)
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
dirithromycin (Dynabac)
erythromycin (E-mycin)
troleandomycin (Tao) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a class of antibiotics called beta-lactans, which exert bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall production. Currently this group includes more than 20 antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-infective - Penicillins uses |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent of wide range of bacterial infections including streptococcal infections, syphilis and lyme disease |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infective - penicillins = |
|
Definition
All end in cillin
Aminopenicillins -
amoxicillin* (amoxil)
ampicillin (principen, omnipen)
Extended spectrum penicillins -
cabenicillin (Geocillin)
piperacillin (Pipracil)
ticacillin (Ticar)
Natural penicillins -
penicillin G (generic
Penicillin V* (Pen-VK)
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins -
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin (generic)
oxacillin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| These bacteriostatic medications provide a broad spectrum of activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides uses |
|
Definition
treat UTI
Treat some types of bacterial pneumonia (pneumocystis Carinii) and shigellosis
Treat some protozoal infections |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
Definition
All have Sulf in them
mafenide (Sulfamylon)
sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph 10)
sulfamethizole (thiosulfil Forte)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine)
sulfisoxazole (gantrisin)
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole* (septra, bactrim) |
|
|
Term
| These broad spectrum anti-infectives exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - Tetracyclines uses - |
|
Definition
treat respiratory tract infections
treat acne and skin infections, genital infections (syphilis, chlamydia), and urinary tract infections
treat lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, and rickettsial infections and the infection that causes stomach ulcers (caused by helicobacter pylori) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - tetracyclines - |
|
Definition
all end in cycline
demeclocycline (declomycin)
doxycycline* (vibramycin)
minocycline (minocin)
oxytetracycline (terramycin)
tetracycline (sumycin) |
|
|
Term
| these vasodilatros dilate the blood vessels, improve blood flow and allow more oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle. they also relax the veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent attacks of (acute) angina |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates examples - |
|
Definition
isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR, Sorbitrate, Isordil)
isosorbide mononitrate* (ISMO, Monoket, Imdur)
nitroglycerin (nitro-dur, nitro-bid, nitrostat)
have trate on the end or nitro in the word... |
|
|
Term
| These medications act at many levels in the CNS, producing an anxiolytic effect. they may produce CNS depression. The effects may be mediated by GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - uses - |
|
Definition
treat of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder
Manage anxiety associated with depression |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antidepressants (SSRI) = |
|
Definition
paroxetine* (Paxil)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Antidepressants (tricyclic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antihistamine |
|
Definition
| hydroxyzine (atarax, Vistaril) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Benzodiazepines - |
|
Definition
Alprazolam* (Xanax)
buspirone (Buspar, Vanspar)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
diazepam* (valium)
Lorazepam* (Ativan
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Herbals - |
|
Definition
kava-kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - tranquilizer - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These medications are generally classified by their effects on cardiac conduction tissue (Class 1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, IV). They:
Slow down the heart (the calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and beta-blockers)
Slow the heart's electrical impulses by blocking the heart's potassium channels (amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppress potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1A |
|
Definition
disopyramide (norplace)
procainamide (pronestyl)
quinidine (quinidine sulfate) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1B |
|
Definition
!Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mexiletine (Mexitil)
phenytoin (Dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1C |
|
Definition
flecainide (tambocor)
propafenone (rythmol) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class II |
|
Definition
Beta-blockers
acebutolol (sectral)
!propranolol (inderal)
sotalol (betapace) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class III |
|
Definition
!amiodarone (cordarone)
Dofetilide (tikosyn)
ibutilide (corvert) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class IV |
|
Definition
ca channel blockers
diliazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tizazac, and others)
verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - other |
|
Definition
!digoxin* (lanoxin)
dronedarone (multaq) |
|
|
Term
These medications:
relax the smooth muscles that line the airway (bronchodilators)
Block the inflammation that narrows the airways (corticosteroids)
Counteract substances that cause the air passages to constrict and secrete mucus (leukotriene modifiers)
prevent allergic reactions or asthma symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manage acute and chronic episodes of reversible bronchoconstriction associated with asthma
treat acute attacks (short-term control) and decrease incidence and intensity of future attacks (long-term control) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - adrenergics - examples |
|
Definition
albuterol* (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others)
!epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - bronchodilators - examples |
|
Definition
| theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - corticosteroids - examples = |
|
Definition
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
ciclesonide (Omnaris) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - herbals - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - leukotriene atagonists |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - mast cell stabilizers - examples |
|
Definition
| cromolyn nebulized solution (nasalcrom |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - monoclonal antibodies - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| albuterol and ipratropium* (combivent) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit clotting factor synthesis, inhibit thrombin, or interfere with blood platelet formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent or treat blood clots associated with stroke, heart attack, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, HF, arrhythmia, atrial fib, DVT, and pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!heparin
!warfarin (coumadin) |
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulant - examples indirect factor Xa inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anticoagulant -LMWH - examples |
|
Definition
!dalteparin (fragmin)
!enoxaparin (lovenox)
!tinzaparin (innohep) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants - examples - thrombin inhibitors |
|
Definition
!argatroban (generic)
!bivalirudin (angiomax)
!dabigatran (pradaxa)
!desirudin (iprivask)
!lepirudin (rDNA) |
|
|
Term
| These medications depress CNS function. They target specific neurochemical processes, suppress excess neuron function, and regulate electrochemical signals in the brain (for instance, GABA inhibitors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
help control epileptic seizures
treat neuropathic pain (associated with diabetes, shingles, and fibromyalgia), migraine headaches, and bipolar disorders. |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - barbiturates |
|
Definition
mephobarbital (mebaral)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - GABA analogues |
|
Definition
gabapentin* (neurontin)
pregabalin* (lyrica)
tiagabine (gabitril) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - Hydantoins |
|
Definition
ethotoin (peganone)
fosphenytoin (cerebyx)
phenytoin (dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - other |
|
Definition
carbamazepine (tegretol)
lamotrigine (lamictal)
oxcarbazepine (trileptal)
topiramate (topamax)
valproic acid (depakote) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - oxazolidinediones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications prevent the enzyme monamine oxidase from breaking down the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (also known as monoamines) in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs examples |
|
Definition
isocarboxazid (marplan)
phenelzine (nardil)
selegiline (ensam, eldepryl, zelapar)
tranylcypromine (parnate) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs uses |
|
Definition
primarily treat moderate-to-severe depression and chronic fatigue syndrome
treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, obsessive-compulsive disoder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs examples |
|
Definition
citalopram* (celexa)
escitalopram* (lexapro)
fluoxetine* (Prozac)
paroxetine* (paxil)
sertraline* (zoloft) |
|
|
Term
| These medications block or delay the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic nerves. the increased levels of these neurotransmitters elevates mood. |
|
Definition
| antidepressants - serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - uses |
|
Definition
| treat depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder and other mood disorders |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - examples |
|
Definition
desvenlafaxin (pristiq)
duloxetine* (cymbalta)
milnacipran (savella)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit the nerve cell's ability to reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, they also block the action of acetylcholine and histamine (causing many of the side effects of these meds) |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic uses |
|
Definition
relieve depression and help treat obsessive compulsive disorder and bedwetting.
off-label uses include panic disorder, bulimia, and chronic pain (migraine, diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic examples |
|
Definition
amitriptyline* (elavil)
amoxapine (asendin)
desipramine (norpramin)
doxepin (sinequan)
imipramine (tofranil)
maprotiline (ludiomil)
nortriptyline (pamelor)
protriptyline (vivactil)
trimipramine (surmontil) |
|
|
Term
| this medication is used in the treatment of type 1 DM and may be used to treat type 2 DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin uses |
|
Definition
rapid acting insulin covers meals eaten at the same time as the injection
short acting insulin covers meals eaten within 30 to 60 min
intermediate-acting insulin covers about half of the day or overnight (and is often combined with rapid-or short-acting insulin)
long acting insulin covers about one full day |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - intermediate acting = |
|
Definition
| !NPH insulin (N) (Humulin-N, Novolin-N) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - long acting |
|
Definition
!insulin detemir (levemir)
!insulin glargine* (lantus) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - rapid-acting |
|
Definition
!insulin aspart (novolog)
!insulin glulisine (apidra)
!insulin lispro (humalog) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - short acting |
|
Definition
!human insulin (velosulin)
!regular insulin (R) (Humulin-R, Novolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral uses |
|
Definition
| treat type 2 diabetes melitium |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors examples |
|
Definition
!acarbose (precose)
!miglitol (glyset) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - biguanides - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral meglitinides |
|
Definition
!nateglinide (starlix)
!repaglinide (prandin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral sulfonylureas |
|
Definition
!glimepiride (amaryl)
!glipizide (glucotrol)
!glyburide# (diabeta, micronase) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral thiazolidinediones - |
|
Definition
!pioglitazone (actos)
!rosiglitazone (avandia) |
|
|
Term
these medications
slow the passage of stools through the intestines (loperamide)
decrease the secretion of fluid into the intestine and inhibit the activity of bacteria (bismut subsalicylate) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control and relieve symptoms of acute and chronic nonspecific diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bismuth subsalicylate (kaopectate, peto-bismol)
diphenoxylate and atropine (lomotil)
kaolin and pectin (kapectolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - antispasmodics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - bulk forming laxatives |
|
Definition
| polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - opiate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - somatostatin analog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla by blockingdopamine receptors (for example metoclopramide)
decrease the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus (for example meclizine)
block the effects of serotonin in the brain and small intestine (5-HT3 receptro antagonists). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage the varioius causes of nausea and vomiting, including surgery, anesthesia, antineoplastic and radiation therapies, and motion sickness. |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - 5HT3 antagonists |
|
Definition
end in tron except nabilone (cesamet)
dolasetron (anzemet)
granisetron (sancuso)
nabilone (cesamet)
ondansetron (zofran)
palonosetron (aloxi) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - anticholinergics - |
|
Definition
| scopolamine (transderm-scop) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - cannabinoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - neurokinin antagonists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - other |
|
Definition
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
meclizine (antivert, bonine)
metoclopramide (reglan) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - phenothiazines |
|
Definition
chlorpromazine (thorazine)
perphenazine (trilafon)
prochlorperazine (compro)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
thiethylperazine (norzine, torecan) |
|
|
Term
| these mecations are also called antimycotic agents. they kill or inactivate fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat systemic, localized, or topical fungal infections (including yeast infections.) |
|
|
Term
| antifungals - Azole antifungals (the triazoles and imidazoles) examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - echinocandins examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - miscellaneous antifungals |
|
Definition
butenafine (mentax)
ciclopirox (loprox, penlac nail lacquer)
flucytosine (ancobon)
terbinafine (lamisil)
tolnaftate (absorbine Jr) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!amphotericin B deoxycholate (amphocin, fungizone)
nystatin (mycostatin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications compete with histamine for histamine receptor sites. When they occupy the histamine receptor sites, they prevent histamine from causing allergic symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relief of symptoms associated with allergies (including rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema)
adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic rxns
treat insomnia (diphenhydramine), motion sickness (dimenhydrinate and meclizine), parkinson-like reactions (diphenhydramine), and other nonallergic conditions |
|
|
Term
| antishitamines examples - |
|
Definition
seem to end in tine, zine, mine, dine
azelastine (astelin)
bepotastine (bepreve)
cetirizine (zyrtec)
chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton)
clemastine (tavist allergy)
cyproheptadine (periactin)
desloratadine (clarinex)
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
diphenhydramine (benadryl, sominex, nytol, midol PM, unisom nighttime sleep aid)
doxepin (sinequan)
fexofenadine* (allegra)
hydroxyzine (atarax, vistaril)
levocetirizine (xyzal)
ioratadine (alavert, claritin, tavist ND, dimetapp ND)
meclizine* (antivert, bonine, dramamine less drowsy formula)
olopatadine nasal spray (patanase)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
triprolidine (zymine) |
|
|
Term
| also called antigout agents, these medications work to either correct overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics examples |
|
Definition
allopurinol (zyloprim)
pegloticase (krystexxa)
rasburicase (elitek) |
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit or prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells by various different mechanisms of action
damage the DNA of cancer cells
interfere with the cancer cell's metabolism or affect cell division
create an unfavorable environment for cancer cell growth (hormones) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat various solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias
prescribed for some autoimmune disorders (such as RA) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - alkylating agents |
|
Definition
!chlorambucil (leukeran)
!cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antiestrogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antimetabolites |
|
Definition
!5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antitumor antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - human recombinant interleukin-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - monoclonal antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - plant alkaloids |
|
Definition
start with vin end in tine
vinblastine (velban)
vincristine (oncovin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications replenish dopamine. they also mimic the role of dopamine or block the effects of other chemicals that cause problems in the brain when dopamine levels drop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiparkinson agents uses |
|
Definition
| relieve the symptoms of parkinsonism including tremor or trembling in the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; stiffness or rigidity of the arms, legs, and trunk; bradykinesia; poor balance and coordination |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
benztropine (cogentin)
trihexyphenidyl (artane, trihexane) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - carbidopa/levodopa therapy |
|
Definition
| carbidopa and levodopa (sinemet) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - COMT inhibitors |
|
Definition
entacapone (comtan)
tolcapone (tasmar) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - Dopamine agonists |
|
Definition
apomorphine (apokyn)
bromocriptine (parlodel)
pramipexole (mirapex)
ropinlrole (requip)
rotigotine (neupro) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - MAO-B inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
rivastigmine (exelon) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the formation of blood clots by preventing the clumping of platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent thromboembolic events, such as stroke, myocardial infaction or peripheral vascular disease.
prescribed after devices are placed inside the ehart or blood vessels, such as stents and artifial heart valves |
|
|
Term
| antiplatelet agents - examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors |
|
Definition
clopidogrel* (Plavix)
prasugrel (effient)
ticlopidine (Ticlid) |
|
|
Term
examples of antiplatelet agents -
adenosine reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
| dipyridamole (persantine) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - glycoproeint IIb IIIa inhibitors |
|
Definition
!abciximab (reopro)
!eptifibatide (integrilin)
!tirofiban (aggrastat) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block a specific subtype of the dopamine receptor (the D2 receptor). the 2nd generation not oonly block D2 receptors, but also a specifc subtype of serotonin receptor (5HR2A receptor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute and chronic psychosis, especially when accompanied by increased psychomotor activity
off label uses include tourette's syndrome, substance abuse, stuttering, OCD, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - atypical (or second generation) antipsychotics |
|
Definition
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (clozaril)
olanzapine* (zyprexa)
paliperidone (invega)
quetiapine* (seroquel)
risperidone (risperdal)
ziprasidone (geodon) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - others |
|
Definition
iloperidone (fanapt)
prochlorperazine (compro)
thioridazine (Mellaril) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - typical antipsychotics |
|
Definition
chlorpromaizne (thorazine)
fluphenazine (permitil, prolixin)
haloperidol (haldol)
loxapine (loxitane)
molindone (moban)
perphenazine (trilafon)
pimozide (orap)
thiothixene (navane)
trifluoperazine (stelazine) |
|
|
Term
| these medications treat RA. they relieve pain (analgesics), reduce inflammation (NSAIDs and steroids), and control the underlying disease (disease modifying RA drugs or DMARDs and biologic drugs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long term solution to control symptoms of RA by slowing down joint destruction and preserving joint functions (DMARDs)
Target specific component of the immune system (biologic agents - IM or IV only). these may be used alone, but are often given with other DMARDs to increase the benefits and limit potential side effects |
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Term
| antirheumatics - biologic response modifiers (anti-TNF) examples |
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Definition
adalimumab (humira)
certolizumab pegol (cimzia)
etanercept (enbrel)
golimumab (simponi)
infliximab (remicade) |
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Term
|
Definition
azathioprinie (imuran, azasan)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
gold sodium thiomalate (myochrysine)
hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)
leflunomide (arava)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) |
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Term
| antirheumatics - other biologics |
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Definition
abatacept (orencia)
anakinra (kineret)
rituximab (rituxan)
tocilizumab |
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Term
| thse medications have various actions that affect mycobacteria, with most having bacteriocidal (for example, rifampin) and/or bacteriostatic for example, isoniazid) actions |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| antituberculars combination drugs |
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Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid and pyrazinamide (rifater) |
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Term
| antituberculars - primary agents |
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Definition
ethionamide (trecator SC)
isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
rifampin (rifadin)
rifapentine (priftin) |
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Term
| antituberculars - second line agents |
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Definition
capreomycin (capastat)
cycloserine (seromycin)
ethambutol (myambutol)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
streptomycin (generic) |
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Term
| antituberculars - third line agents (aminoglycosides) |
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Definition
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Term
| these medications block the secretion of gastric acid by the gastric parietal cells (PPIs). they also stop the action of histamine on the gastric parietal cells, whcih inhibits the secretion of gastric acid (H-2 receptor blockers) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
treat and prevent peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretory conditions e.g., zollinger-ellison syndrome
manage the symptoms of GERD
treat recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Hpylori infections (a combined antibiotic and gastric acid suppression therapy) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents - anti-infective (penicillins) |
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Definition
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Term
| antiulcer agents - herbal |
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Definition
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Term
| antiulcer agents - histamine H2 receptor antagonists |
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Definition
all end in tidine
cimetidine (tagamet)
famotidine* (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)
ranitidine (Zantac) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents - mucosal protective - |
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Definition
aluminum hydroxide (amphojel)
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-bismol)
sucralfate (carafate) |
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Term
|
Definition
carithromycin (biaxin)
metronidazole (flagyl)
misoprostol (cytotec)
propantheline (pro-banthine)
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, neut) |
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Term
|
Definition
all end in zole
dexlansoprazole (dexilant)
esomeprazole* (nexium)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
omeprazole* (prilosec)
pantoprazole* (protonix)
rabeprazole (aciphex) |
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Term
| these medications are designed to work in one of two ways - they either inhibit the ability to multiply or they mimic the virus attachment protein, disrupting the replication process |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevent, manage and/or treat viral infections, such as HIV, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus, pneumonia, measles and mumps, and influenza strains (including swine flu) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents examples |
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Definition
all have vir in them
cidofovir (vistide)
foscarnet (foscavir)
ganciclovir (cytovene)
valganciclovir (valcyte) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents - anti herpetic agents |
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Definition
all have vir
acyclovir (zovirax)
famciclovir (famvir)
valacyclovir (valcyte) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents - anti influenza agents |
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Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
oseltamivir (tamiflu)
rimantadine (flumadine)
zanamivir (relenza) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents - nucleoside analogues |
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Definition
adefovir (hepsera)
entecavir (baraclude)
lamivudine (epivir)
penciclovir (denavir)
ribavirin (copegus, rebetol, virazole)
telbivudine (tyzeka) |
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Term
| antiulcer agents - purine nucleosides |
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Definition
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Term
| these medications depress the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. These are all schedule IV drugs |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
produce sedation or induce sleep
relieve anxiety and muscle spasms
prevent seizures |
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Term
|
Definition
alprazolam* (xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
estazolam (prosom)
flumazenil (romazicon)
flurazepam (dalmane)
lorazepam* (ativan)
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
quazepam (doral)
temazepam (restoril)
triazolam (halcion) |
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Term
| these medications block norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves. By blocking the effects of thses neurotransmitters, they reduce heart rate and reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
treat hypertension, HF, arrhythmias, and angina (but not for immediate relief)
treat glaumcoma (ophthalmic)
prevent future heart attacks in heart attack patients
prevent migraine headaches |
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Term
| examples of beta blockers |
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Definition
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Term
| these medications bind to hydroxyapatite in bone and inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts |
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Definition
| bone resorption inhibitors |
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Term
| bone resorption inhibitors uses |
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Definition
| prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and due to other causes, such as paget's disease of the bone and corticosteroid therapy |
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Term
| bone resorption inhibitors - examples |
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Definition
alendronate* (fosamax)
calcitonin - salmon (miacalcin)
etidronate disodium (dironel)
ibandronate (boniva)
raloxifene (evista)
risedronate* (actonel)
tiludronate (skelid) |
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Term
| these medications relax bronchial smooth muscle, making the airways larger and allowing air to pass through the lungs. they may also increase mucociliary clearance (beta agonists) |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - |
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Definition
| epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - anticholinergics |
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Definition
ipratropium (atrovent)
tiotropium* (spiriva) |
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (long-acting) |
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Definition
arformoterol (brovana)
formoterol (foradil)
salmeterol (serevent) |
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (short-acting) |
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Definition
albuterol* (proventil, ventolin, proair, accuneb)
levalbuterol (xopenex)
metaproterenol (alupent)
pirbuterol (maxair)
terbutaline (brethine) |
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - combination (inhaled steroid + long acting beta agonist) |
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Definition
!budesonide and formoterol (symbicort)
fluticasone and salmeterol* (advair) |
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - leukotriene synthesis inhibitors |
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Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate)
zileuton (zyflo) |
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Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - methylxanthines |
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Definition
aminophylline (phyllocontin, truphylline)
theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
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Term
| these medications slow the rate at which Ca passes into the heart muscle and into the vessels and allows blood to flow more easily through them, lowering blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
treat hypertension, angina, and abnormal heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia).
treat post-MI clients who cannot tolerate beta blockers |
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Term
| Ca channel blocker examples |
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Definition
amlodipine* (norvasc, Lotrel)
bepridil (vascor)
diltiazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tiazac, and others)
felodipine (plendil)
isradipine (dynacirc)
nicardipine (cardene)
nifedipine (adalat, procardia XL)
nimodipine (nimotop)
nisoldipine (sular)
verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
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Term
| These medications increase physical activity, mental alertness and attention span. The exact mechanism of action is not known |
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Definition
| Central nervous system stimulants |
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Term
| central nervous system stimulants uses |
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Definition
improve concentration and focus for those with ADHD
decrease appetite and promote weight loss
alleviate sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and jet lag. |
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Term
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Definition
amphetamine & dextroamphetamine (adderall)
benzphetamine (didrex)
caffeine (NoDoz, Vivarin)
dexmethylphenidate (focalin)
dextroamphetamine (dexedrine)
diethylpropion (tenuate)
lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse)
methylphenidate* (concerta, ritalin) |
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Term
| these medications mimic the effect of hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands. When the dose exceeds the body's usual hormone levels, they will suppress inflammation, as well as the immune system. Also used for their antineoplastic activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
oral forms treat inflammation and pain associated with arthritis and autoimmune diseases (such as lupus, crohn's)
Inhaled med treat asthma and allergies
topical application helps heal skin conditions
injected forms treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis, gout and other inflammatory diseases. |
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Term
| corticosteroids - examples |
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Definition
beclomethasone (Qvar)
betamethasone (celestone)
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
cortisone (Cortone acetate)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
flunisolide (aerobid)
fluticasone* (flonase, flovent)
methylprednisolone (medrol, depo-medrol)
mometasone furoate* (nasonex)
prednisolone (orapred, Prelone)
prednisone* (sterapred) |
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Term
| these medications work in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (where magnesium and ca are reabsorbed). Disrupted reabsorption causes increased urine production, which lowers blood bolume and results in lowered blood pressure. Also causes the veins to dilate which lowers blood pressure mechanically |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
treat acute pulmonary edema and manage edema
reduce intracranial pressure and treat hyperkalemia |
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Term
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Definition
bumetanide (Bumex)
ethacrynic acid (edecrin)
furosemide* (Lasix)
torsemide (demadex) |
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Term
| these medications are derived form a chemical called benzothiadiazine. they work in the distal convoluted tubule by decreasing the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and chloride (which results in increased urine production) and help dialate blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| diuretics - thiazide uses |
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Definition
| alone or in combination with loop diuretics, treat hypertension or edema due to HF or other causes |
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Term
| diuretics - thiazide examples |
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Definition
chlorothiazide (hygroton, Diuril)
hydrochlorothiazide* (hydrodiuril)
indapamide (lozol)
metolazone (zaroxolyn) |
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Term
| these medications are low-molecular-weight substances that produce a raid loss of sodium and water by inhibiting their reabsorption in the kidney tubules and the loop of henle. They increase plasma osmolality, which increases diffusion of water from the intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| manage cerebral edema to decrease intracranial pressure |
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Term
| diuretics - osmotic examples |
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Definition
mannitol (osmitrol)
urea (generic) |
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Term
| these medications conserve potassium in clients receiving thiazide or loop diuretics. the decrease sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidneys |
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Definition
| diuretics - potassium-sparing |
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Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing uses |
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Definition
| treat clients with HF, since they do not significantly lower blood pressure |
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Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing examples |
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Definition
amiloride (midamor)
eplerenone (inspra)
spironolactone (aldactone)
triamterene (dyrenium) |
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Term
| these medications inhibit cell-mediated immune responses |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
prevent transplantation rejection reactions
manage selected autoimmune diseases (for example, nephritic syndrome of childhood and severe RA) |
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Term
| immunosuppressants examples |
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Definition
azathioprine (imuran, azasan)
basiliximab (simulect)
chlorambucil (leukeran)
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
daclizumab (zenapax)
!Methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
muromonab-CD3 (orthoclone OKT3)
mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept)
mycophenolic acid (myfortic)
pimecrolimus (elidel)
sirolimus (rapamune)
tacrolimus (prograf)
thalidomide (thalomid) |
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Term
| these medications are typically classified as either bulk-forming agents, osmotics, salines, stimulant, laxatives or stool softeners |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
treat or prevent constipation
prepare the bowel for radiologic or endoscopic procedures |
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Term
|
Definition
| methylnaltrexone bromide (relistor) |
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Term
| laxative - examples - bulk forming agents |
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Definition
polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon)
psyllium (metamucil) |
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Term
| laxative - examples -osmotics |
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Definition
glycerin suppositories (generic)
lactulose (chronulac, cephulac, cholac)
polyethylene glycol (miralax) |
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Term
| laxative - examples - salines |
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Definition
magnesium chloride (mag 64, Mag SR)
magnesium gluconate ( Mag-G, Magonate)
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
phosphate/biphosphate (fleet enema, osmoprep) |
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Term
| laxative - examples - stimulatn laxatives |
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Definition
bisacodyl (dulcolax)
sennosides (senokot) |
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Term
| laxative - examples - stimulant laxatives (herbal) |
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Definition
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Term
| laxative - examples - stool softeners |
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Definition
| docusate sodium (colace, surfak) |
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Term
reduce LDL (the "bad" or "lousy") cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme in the liver (HMG-CoA reductase) responsible for making cholesterol; shrink, stabilize and prevent rupture of fatyy plaques and formation of clots; and prevent inflammation (statins)
reduce LDL by binding to bile acid and preventing absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine (bile acid sequestrants)
prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with elevated triglycerides and low HDL when diet and lifestyle changes are unsuccessful (fibric acid agents) |
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Definition
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Term
| lipid lowering agents uses |
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Definition
| reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (along with diet and exercise) |
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Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - bile acid sequestrants |
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Definition
cholestyramine (questran)
colesevelam (welchol)
colestipol (colestid) |
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Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - fibric acids |
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Definition
fenofibrate (tricor)
fenofibric acid (trilipix)
gemfibrozil (lobid) |
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Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - other |
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Definition
ezetimibe* (zetia)
ezetimibe and simvastatin* (vytorin) |
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Term
| these medications correct imbalances minerals and electrolytes or make the urine more alkaline (pH modifiers) |
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Definition
| mineral/electrolytes/pH modifiers |
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers uses |
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Definition
prevent and treat deficiencies or excesses of electrolytes
prevent crystals from forning in the urine and inhibit the formation of kidney stones (acidifiers and alkalinizers)
treat pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (magnesium sulfate)
some of these meds neutralize gastric acids |
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - alkalinizing agents |
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Definition
| sodium bicarbonate (backing soda, neut) |
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - calcium salts |
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Definition
all have calcium in them
calcium acetate (eliphos)
calcium carbonate (caltrate)
!calcium chloride
calcium citrate (citracal)
!calcium gluconate
calcium lactate (ridactate) |
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - magnesium salts |
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Definition
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - ph modifiers |
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Definition
potassium citrate (urocit K)
!potassium phosphate (neutra-phos K) |
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - phosphate supplements |
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Definition
| sodium phosphate (osmoprep) |
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Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - potassium salts |
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Definition
potassium bicarbonate (effervescent potassium)
potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (K-lyte)
potassium chloride* (k-dur, klor-con) |
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Term
| these medications block the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes and reduce prostaglandins throughout the body, reducing inflammation, pain, and fever |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain, reduce fever, and to treat various inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis |
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Term
| NSAIDs examples - COX-2 selective inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
| NSAIDs examples - salicylates |
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Definition
|
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Term
| NSAIDs examples - traditional NSAIDs |
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Definition
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
ibuprofen* (motrin, advil)
indomethacin (indocin)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
nabumetone (relafen)
naproxen* (aleve, naprosyn)
piroxicam (feldene) |
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Term
| these medications target and block the chemical substances released by the brain (particularly prostaglandin) in response to injury |
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Definition
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Term
| nonopioid analgesics uses |
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Definition
| control mild to moderate pain and/or fever |
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples |
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Definition
acetaminophen (tylenol)
chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin)
phenazopyridine (pyridium, urogesic)
salsalate (amigesic, disalcid) |
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - barbiturate + NSAID |
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Definition
| butalbital and acetaminophen (phrenilin) |
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - botanical medical food |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples herbals |
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Definition
| capsaicin (icy hot arthritis therapy, arthricare for women) |
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples NSAIDs |
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Definition
choline and magnesium salicylates (trilisate)
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
fenoprofen (naprofen)
ibuprofen (motrin, advil)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
magnesium salicylate (doans pills, bayer select backache pain formula)
meclofenamate (meclomen)
meloxicam*(mobic)
naproxen*(aleve, midol extended relief) |
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples radiopharmaceutical |
|
Definition
samarium sm 153 lexidronam (quadramet)
strontium 89 chloride (metastron) |
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Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples salicylates |
|
Definition
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Term
these medications interact with opiod receptors in the CNS, acting as agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (enkephalins and endorphins). this action alters perception and response to pian. they can be categorzied as long-acting, short-acting, or rapid-onset agents
they are all schedule II drugs |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| manage of moderate to severe pain |
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Term
| opioid analgesics examples |
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Definition
alfentanil (alfenta)
buprenorphine (buprenex)
butorphanol (stadol)
codeine* (generic)
fentanyl (duragesic)
hydrocodone* (norco, vicodin)
hydromorphone (dilaudid, exalgo)
levorphanol (levodromoran)
meperidine (demerol)
methadone (dolophine)
morphine
nalbuphine (nubain)
oxycodone* (oxycontin, percocet)
oxymorphone (opana ER)
pentazocine (talwin)
remifentanil (ultiva)
sufentanil (sufenta)
tapentadol (nucynta)
tramadol* (rybix, ryzolt, ultram) |
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Term
these medications moderate activity and excitement while inducing a calming effect (and may be anxiolytic). they induce drowsiness and sleep
most are schedule IV drugs |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
provide sedation, usually prior to procedures
selected agents are useful as anticonvulsants, skeletal muscle relaxants, adjuncts in general surgery and adjuntcts for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome |
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Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples -barbiturates |
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Definition
amobarbital (amytal)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton)
secobarbital (seconal) |
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Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (intermediate-acting) |
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Definition
estazolam (prosom)
lorazepam* (ativan)
temazepam (restoril) |
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Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (long acting) |
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Definition
clorazepate 9tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
flurazepam (dalmane) |
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Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (short acting) |
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Definition
midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
triazolam (halcion) |
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|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - Herbals |
|
Definition
chamomile
dill
kava kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
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Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - other |
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Definition
chloral hydrate (somnote
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
dexmedetomidine (precedex)
droperidol (inapsine)
eszopiclone (luesta)
hydroxyzine* (atarax, vistaril)
promethazine* (phenergan)
ramelteon (sonata)
zolpidem* (ambien) |
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Term
| these medications act centrally on the spinal cord or brain stem and inhibit neuronal transmission; dantrolene is the only one that acts directly on skeletal muscle. they are typically classified by their pharmacologic properties as either antispasticity or antisasmodic agents |
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Definition
| skeletal muscel relaxants |
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Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants uses |
|
Definition
treat spasticity associated with spinal cord disease (such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis) or lesions
relieve symptoms of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (as adjuctive therapy) |
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Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - antispasticity agents |
|
Definition
baclofen (lioresal)
dantrolene (dantrium)
tizanidine (zanaflex) |
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|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - musculoskeletal agents |
|
Definition
carisoprodol* (soma, soprodal, vanadom)
chlorzoxazone (parafon forte DSC)
cyclobenzaprine* (flexeril)
metaxalone (skelaxin)
methocarbamol (robaxin)
orphenadrine (norlex) |
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Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications convert plasminogen to plasmin, which then degrades fibrin in clots |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute management of coronary thrombosis (MI), massive pulmonary emboli, DVT, and arterial thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alteplase (activase)
reteplase (retavase)
streptokinase (streptase)
tenecteplase (TNKase)
urokinase (abbokinase) |
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|
Term
these medications directly stimulate alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors, producing vascular smooth muscle vasconstriction (ergot derivatives)
narrow dilated blood vessels and block nerves from transmitting signals of pain to the brain (5-HT 1 agonists) |
|
Definition
| vascular headache suppressants |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants uses |
|
Definition
| treat vascular headaches (migraines and cluster headaches |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - 5-HT1 agonists |
|
Definition
almotriptan (axert)
eletriptan (relpax)
frovatriptan (frova)
naratriptan (amerge)
rizatriptan (maxalt)
sumatriptan (imitrex)
zolmitriptan (zomig) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - beta blockers |
|
Definition
propranolol (inderal)
timolol (timoptic) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - Ca channel blocker |
|
Definition
| verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - ergots |
|
Definition
dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45)
erotamine (ergomar) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are potent vasoconstrictors that produce a rise in BP (specifically an increase in mean arterial pressure) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control blood pressure in hypotensive states, such as (cardiogenic, septic) shock, drug reactions, spinal anesthesia
prolong anesthesia
treat certain heart rhythm problems, including cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dopamine
epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin)
midodrine (proamatine)
norepinephrine (levophed)
phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) |
|
|
Term
| important to know about anticonvulsants |
|
Definition
these medications should not be discontinued suddenly because they may cause insomnia or seizures
may increase sensitivity to sunlight; even brief exposure to sun can cause a severe sunburn or rash. clients should also avoid using tanning beds |
|
|
Term
| Anticonvulsants Black box warnings! Some anticonvulsants (_____ for example) may cause |
|
Definition
| carbamazepine...may cause fatal dermatologic reactions, including steven-johnson syndrome or toxic epidural necrolysis. D/C carbamazepine at the first sign of rash. Clients of chinese ancestry are at the highest risk to develop these reactions |
|
|
Term
| most common adverse effect of loop diruetics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clients taking loop diuretics may require what |
|
Definition
| supplemental potassium, folic acid, and vitamin B |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a mild loop diuretic that is chemaically related to theophylline (one of the products of the breakdown of caffeine). it is added to acetaminophen in New tylenol for women, backaid, and diurex (used to treat premenstrual bloating and backache associated with fluid retention.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: calcium carbonate - |
|
Definition
| cost-effective calcium supplement that is absorbed best when taken with food - at breakfast and dinner |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: K lyte - |
|
Definition
| is available as an effervescent tablet. advise clients to drop the tablet into a glass and add at least 4 ounces of cold water or juice. Drink the solution slowly. (over 5 to 10 minutes), just after a meal. Stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the drug |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: although primarily used to treat conditions resulting from calcium deficiency (such as tetany), calcium gluconate is also used to |
|
Definition
| relieve muscle cramping from black widow spider bites. it is the antidote for magnesium sulfate overdosage |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: how are they given |
|
Definition
| administered through intramuscular or intravenous injection, irrigation, topical skin application, or inhalation. Since aminoglycosides break down in the stomach they are not given orally |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: important to know |
|
Definition
| can be fairly toxic, so they are given for a short period of time. after initial treatment, the client is switched to a less toxic antiinfective (once the causative agent of infection is identified) |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: side effects |
|
Definition
| a common side effect is hearing loss. gentamicin toxicity is the most common cause of bilateral vestibulopathy (damage to both inner ears). symptoms of toxicity include imbalance and oscillopsia (transient visual blurring when moving the head) |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: isoniazid can lead to |
|
Definition
| symptoms of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency, including peripheral neuropathy. Daily doses of 10-50mg/day of vit B6 can prevent and reverse peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: rifampin can cause |
|
Definition
| reddish orange discoloration of saliva, sweat, tears, feces, urine and skin. clients should not wear soft contact lenses while taking this med |
|
|
Term
| most effective drugs in treating TB are |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid. these 2 drugs are used with pyrazinamide and either streptomycin or ethambutol for at least 2 months after intial diagnosis. thereafter, treatment continues with rifampin and isoniazid(usually for at least 4 more months) |
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: these drugs can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: warning for these drugs |
|
Definition
| can cause angioedema (swelling at back of throat), a rare complication that may rapidly lead to cardiac arrest. This reaction can occur up to 1 year later |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: can act as what |
|
Definition
| can act as a male contraceptive (stops entry of sperm into egg) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: who shouldn't take these meds |
|
Definition
| clients over age 60 because of the risk of severe constipation |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: warning - |
|
Definition
| educate your clients about not eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice when taking these meds. the combination ccauses a higher bioavailability of the drug and can be toxic |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: Capsaicin education |
|
Definition
| the active component of chili peppers, is a skin irritant and produces a burning sensation in any tissue it touches. it works by depleting or interfering with substance P, a chemical involved in transmitting pain impulses to the brain. remind clients to wash their hands after topical admin. |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: strontium-89 chloride is a |
|
Definition
| radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously to help relieve the bone pain associated with some cancers |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: acetaminophen education |
|
Definition
| acetaminophen is found in more than 600 OTC drugs. educate your pt to read labels and reinforce the recommended maximum daily dose is now 3000 mg (down from 4000mg) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: important to know about atypical antipsychotic meds |
|
Definition
| can cause major weight gain and metabolism changes. they may also increase the risk of developing diabetes and high cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: although much more common with long term use of the typical antipsychotics, both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause |
|
Definition
| extrpyramidal side effects, such as muscle stiffness, tremors, abnormal movements |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: black box warning |
|
Definition
| conventional antipsychotic drugs can increase the risk of death for elderly people who have lost touch with reality (psychosis) due to dementia. They are not approved for treating dementia-related psychosis |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: what are shown to help lower cholesterol |
|
Definition
| garlic, alfalfa, omega3 acid ethyl esters, nuts and niacin |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: a statin can be taken when |
|
Definition
| in one daily dose, usually in the evening when it is more effective |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: statins can occasionally cause what |
|
Definition
| muscle pain or weakness due to the muscle enzyme creatine kinase (CK) leaking into the blood stream. statin related muscle pain resolves when the med is stopped. |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: education for amiodarone |
|
Definition
| sometimes causes the skin to take on a blue-gray color, especially in areas exposed to the sun. the coloring will go away once the med is stopped (but may take up to several mo) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: Dronedaron (multaq) important info |
|
Definition
| the FDA issued a safety announcement in 2011 about dronedarone (multaq). clients taking this have an increased risk of adverse events including serious cardiovascular and death. |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: loperamide (imodium) other uses |
|
Definition
| used to reduce the amount of stool in people who have an ileostomy |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: a common temporary side effect of bismuth subsalicylate is |
|
Definition
| a dark tint of the tongue or stool. do not confuse this with black and tarry stools, which are a sign of bleeding in the intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: subsalicylate can cause a serious and sometimes fatal condition |
|
Definition
| called reye's syndrome in children. do not give bismuth subsalicylate to children or teens |
|
|
Term
| diuretics: potassium sparing: have a weak |
|
Definition
| diuretic and antihypertensive properties |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: what can interfere with it |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen) can decrease blood flow to the kidneys and may also interfere with sodium and water excretion, decreasing the effectiveness of diuretic drugs |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: apironolactone (aldactone) acts like what |
|
Definition
| progesterone in the body, causing side effects like impotence, gynecomastia, irregular meses, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: goldeneal root info |
|
Definition
| thought to have antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: how long do clients take it |
|
Definition
| since fungal spores can survive for long periods of time, clients may need to take the med for several mo or longer |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: azole antifungal education |
|
Definition
| azole antifungals can cause liver damage. hepatotoxicity may occur if combined with other hepatotoxic agents, including alcohol. instruct clients to notify their HCP if they notice abd pain, fever, diarrhea, but especially if they have unusual fatigue, anorexia, jaundice, dark urine or pale stools |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals or snacks), with a full glass of water (no dairy products) |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: who should avoid these meds |
|
Definition
| children under 8 and pregnant women. they can cause permanent staining of developing teeth (including those of a fetus) and/or affect the strength and shape of bones |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: like other infectives, tetracyclines may |
|
Definition
| decrease the effectiveness of some oral contraceptives. Use another method of birth control while taking these drugs |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: drugs for treating asthma (like theophylline and aminophylline) are structurally similar to |
|
Definition
| caffeine avoid food/drinks high in caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: advise clients to use aluterol how |
|
Definition
first if using other inhalation medications (and wait about 5 minutes before administering another inhalant med)
clients should prime the unit before using, discard the canister after 200 sprays, rinse their mouth with water after each inhalation dose, and regularly clean the mouthpiece |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: inject an epipen how |
|
Definition
| directly through clothing, into the outer thigh and hold in place for 10 sec to deliver all the med |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: midazolam edu |
|
Definition
| causes amnesia without loss of consciousness and is often used during endoscopy and colonoscopy procedures |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: ramelteon edu |
|
Definition
| designed to be a chemical mimic of the endogenous hormone melatonin and is used to treat people who have difficulty falling asleep. it is the only hypnotic prescription med in the US that is not a controlled substance |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: warning - |
|
Definition
| even a slight overdose of one of the older barbiturates can induce coma and death (due to profound CNS depression) however, and overdose of a benzodiazepine or the newere non benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics will typically produce anesthesia without the risk (...unless combined with ETOH) |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines: short acting benzodiazepines, such as estazolam (prosom) and temazepam (restoril) are generally used for |
|
Definition
| patients with sleep-onset insomnia without daytime anxiety |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: flunitrazepam (rohypnol) is a benzodiazepine that is not |
|
Definition
| manufactured or legally marketed in the US. commonly known as "rophies," "roofies," and "roach" and is used as the "date rape" drug |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: long acting benzodiazepines, such as bhlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flurazepam, should not be used |
|
Definition
| in the elderly since they are more sensitive to their effects and metabolize the drugs less efficiently. Older clients taking these drugs have an increased risk of falls and may experience cognitive impairment. |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: important to know about administration |
|
Definition
| start 2 IV lines prior to therapy (one for this therapy and the second on for any other infusions). Invasive procedures, including venipuncture (especially at noncompressible sites, e.g., jugular vein, subclavian site), should be avoided after thrombolytic therapy is started |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: what is the antidote |
|
Definition
| aminocaproic acid may be used as an antidote. In life-threatening situation, the client may also need whole blood transfusions, fibrinogen infusions, and other emergency measures |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: alteplase - |
|
Definition
| used in the management of acute ischemic stroke in adults. treatment should be initiated within 3 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms (and after confirmation of no intracranial bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: important to know |
|
Definition
| that although effective, often replaced by antidepressants that are safer and cause fewer side effects |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: what should people avoid |
|
Definition
| mixing MAOIs and tyramine can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. People taking MAOIs should avoid food and medicines with high levels of tyramine (such as cheeses, wines, pickles; decongestants and other over-the-counter cold medications) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: mixing st john's wart and MAOIs |
|
Definition
| can cause dangerously high levels of serotonin (serotonin syndrome) resulting in confusion, rapid or irregular heartbeat, dilated pupils, fever, and unconsciousness. ask you clients if they are using herbal remedies to treat their depression |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should decrease |
|
Definition
| sodium and increase both potassium and calcium in their diets. they should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice since they may increase serum levels of these meds |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: how should the client take this med |
|
Definition
| whether a dose is ordered daily or every other day, the client should take the med in the morning (with food) to coincide with the body's normal secretion of cortisol |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should not receive what |
|
Definition
| a "live" vaccine. they should call their primary care practitioner if they are expsed to chicken pox or measles (since these conditions can be fatal in people who are using steroids.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease the ability of blood to clot and therefore increase bleeding; all NSAID medicines should be stopped prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| take with a full (6-8 oz) of water. if stomach upset occurs, take with food, milk, or an antacid (yes, really... unlike other medications, they are ok to take with an antacid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teach your client to check labels on all medications since many medications contain aspirin or other aspirin-like NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: donepezil (aricept) is available as ... Rivastigmine (exelon is available as ... |
|
Definition
| an orally disintegrating tablet. Rivastigmine (exelon) is available as a transdermal preparation. These safe and effective forms of administration may improve compliance |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| by starting at the lowest possible dose and titrate gradually to minimize cholinergic adverse effects |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: what do these drugs do |
|
Definition
| only postpone the worsening of symptoms. there is no cure for alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - nitrates: warning - |
|
Definition
| clients should not take sildenafil (viagra), vardenafil (levitra), or tadalafil (cialis) within 24 to 36 hours of taking nitrates. the combination can cause a significant and dangerous drop in bp |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: important to know about the effects of the med |
|
Definition
| the helpful effects wear off after about 2 years of treatment, so alternative treatment approaches will be needed. This is known as the "on-off phenomenon" |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: amantadine was developed for |
|
Definition
| prevention of influenza virus infection, but has antiparkinsonian properties |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: anticholinergics are often needed to |
|
Definition
| control the extrpyramidal side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. However, these drugs may cause confusion and hallucinations in individuals over age 70 and should be avoided for these clients. |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: most antidepressant medications - including SSRIs can causee |
|
Definition
| weight gain of 10 pounds (or more) in 1 out of 4 people |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: which drugs are better for elderly and children |
|
Definition
| due to its short half life (and few drug interactions) sertraline is the drug of choice for treating depression in the elderly. Conversely, due to its long half life, fluoxetine is a better choice for children |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: warning - |
|
Definition
| all antidepressants have "black box" warnings due to an increased risk of suicidal thinking or attempts in children and adolescents |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: these drugs are effective against |
|
Definition
| a slightly wider range of bacteria than penicillin. they can be used for people with penicillin allergies |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: the azithromycin "Z Pak" |
|
Definition
| consists of 6 capsules prepackaged in a blister card. the client takes 2 capsules the first day, followed by 1 capsule for the remaining 4 days |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: older clients who take Ca channel blockers are at risk for |
|
Definition
| hypotension or shock if they take erythromycin or clarithromycin. if a macrolide is required, these patients should be prescribed azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: like other diuretics, these drugs |
|
Definition
| increase urination so they are best taken early in the day |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: thiazide diuretics tend to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: most diuretics are |
|
Definition
| sulf drugs - be sure to check for allergies prior to administration |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: organisms resistant to |
|
Definition
| beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin is used to treat or prevent |
|
Definition
| dangerous illnesses associated with biological warfare, such as anthrax and plague |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: black box warning - |
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolones use increases the likelihood of tendonitis and tendon rupture |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates may either be taken |
|
Definition
| every day, once or twice a week, or once a month |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates must be taken how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach, in the morning, and with a full glass of water. remain sitting upright for 30 minutes and avoid strenuous activity in order to prevent heartburn |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: although the benefits of bisphosphonates are great, |
|
Definition
| serious problems have been reported with bone healing, especially following dental surgery |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: most of the generic names of proton pump inhibitors end in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: clients over age 50 or who are severely ill |
|
Definition
| may become temporarily confused while taking H2 blockers, especially cimetidine |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: sucrlfate (a substituted sugar molecule with no nutritional value) has been used for the prevention of |
|
Definition
| stress ulcers commonly seen in burn victims. it reacts iwth existing stomach acid to form a thick coating that covers the surface of an ulcer and protects it from further damage. it does not inhibit gastric acid production. |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: for most clients, treatment of RA usually begins with |
|
Definition
metotrexate (or leflunomide). methotrexate is taken once a week and since it is a folic acid antagonist, clients must add 1 mg folic acid supplement daily
like other DMARDs, methotrexate increases the risk of liver damage. clients should have regular liver function tesets |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: tell clients who take sulfasalazine that their |
|
Definition
| urine, tears, and sweat may develop an orange tinge, which can stain clothing and contact lenses |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: the most significant side effect of biologic agents is an |
|
Definition
| increased risk of all types of infections, including TB. clients must have a TB skin test prior to starting therapy. Stop treatment if the client develops an active infection or has a high fever |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: there are 4 categories of opioids |
|
Definition
endogenous (produced by the body)
opium alkaloids (morphine)
semi-synthetic opioids (such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorthone)
fully synthetic opioids (such as propoxyphene, tramadol, and pentazocine) |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and fentanyl buccal tablets are |
|
Definition
| rapid onset opioids that do not have to be swallowed. they are approved for the treatment of cancer related breakthrough pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: the opioid antagoinist drug = |
|
Definition
| Naloxone (narcan) is given IV push to reverse resp. dep. of opioid drugs |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: eptifibatide is dervided and synthesized from |
|
Definition
| a protein in the venom of the pygmy rattlesnake. it is usually used along with aspirin or clopidogrel and heparin |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol is most often used in clients with |
|
Definition
| peripheral vascular disease to reduce leg pain associated with walking (intermittent claudication) by improving blood flow to the leg |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol warning |
|
Definition
| clients diagnosed with HF should never take this med |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors are the most |
|
Definition
potent antiplatelet therapy agents available and cause serious or life threatening bleeding (including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
clients should seek immediate help if they experience purple patches on the skin or other signs of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: cytotoxic drugs are typically non selective and their action |
|
Definition
| affects all rapidly dividing cells. clients undergoing chemo typically experience nausea and vomiting, sores in the mouth, bone marrow suppression and alopecia |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: biological therapy (for example, monoclonal antibodies) is a relatively new way to |
|
Definition
| treat cancer. it uses the body's immune system to fight cancer or to lessen the side effects caused by some cancer treatments |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: health care workers should |
|
Definition
| limit their exposure to these meds. all personnel who handle antineoplastic drugs must receive info and training about the health hazards and must be monitored in a medical surveillance program |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: following IV admin of these meds |
|
Definition
| intracranial pressure falls within 60 to 90 min |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: extravasation (leakage) of mannitol can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: the most serious adverse effect of mannitol is |
|
Definition
| fluid and electrolyte imbalance. fluid loss leads to significant dehydration and, without adequate fluid replacement, can lead to hypernatremia |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: what two drugs may increase the risk of hyperkalemia when admin with penicillin |
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretics and ace inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: how should liquid penicillin V be stored |
|
Definition
| store liquid penicillin V in a refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze. throw away unused med after 14 days |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: in rare cases, an allergy to penicillin can cause an anaphylactic reaction. in cases of anaphylactic shock medical first aid includes: |
|
Definition
cardiopulmonary assessment and supportive measures (including oxygenation)
IM epinephrine
assessing and securing airway (intubation)
IV normal saline
inhaled beta 2 agonist (albuterol)
antihitamines (H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists) |
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers: beta blockers are used to |
|
Definition
| calm the brain. they decrease palpitations during panic attacks, decrease essential tremors, and decrease situational anxiety. they may also decrease migraine headaches in some people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clients should contact their physician before they discontinue their medication. abrupt withdrawal can cause severe exacerbation of angina and cause heart attacks or sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - sulfonamides: sulfonamides were the first type of anti-infectives used to treat and prevent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: while taking sulfa drugs, avoid |
|
Definition
| herbs with a diuretic effect, such as bearberry, parsley, dandelion leaf, and sarsaparilla. Basil may affect absorption of sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: about 3% of the population is allerlgic to sulfa drugs. groups at higher risk include those who |
|
Definition
| metabolize these medications more slowly (elderly) and those with immune problems (such as AIDs). reactions can range from hives and photosensitivity to life threatening anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: what can reduce the effects of anticoagulation drug therapy |
|
Definition
| foods rich in vit K (leafy, green veggies) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: be sure to ask your clients if they are using |
|
Definition
| herbal remedies: ginseng and st john's wort can decrease PT/INR. Ginkgo biloba, garlic, chamomile, and licorice root can increase PT/INR |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: therapeutic range of effectiveness of anticoagulants is approximately |
|
Definition
| 1.5-2 or 2.5 times the normal lab values. be sure to know the lab results before administering anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins can be used as an alternative for clients who are allergic to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins are 3 times more effective than penicillin for treating |
|
Definition
| bacterial throat infections such as strep throat |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: the oral suspension of cefprozil (cefzil) contains phenylalanine. it should not be prescribed for clients with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: benzodiazepines are better for |
|
Definition
| intermittent or short term use in management of anxiety. buspirone paroxetine, and venlafaxine are better for long term use. |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: derived form the root of the plant, valerian is frequently used as a |
|
Definition
| sedative to improve sleep. valerian should be stopped at least 1 week prior to surgery since it may interact with anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: elderly clients have increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines, associated with an increased risk of |
|
Definition
| falls. Alprazolam appears on the Beers list (medications inappropriate for the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): antidepressant discontinuation syndrome can occur if |
|
Definition
| medication was taken for at least 6 weeks. theis syndrome causes flu like symptoms, insomnia, imbalance, sensory disturbances, and hyperarousal |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): what is the most frequent side effect that will cause some people to stop treatement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): use of what while taking SNRIs and other antidepressants, may increase the risk of bleeding |
|
Definition
| aspirin, NSAIDs or anticoagulants (such as warfarin) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants can cause |
|
Definition
| sedation. even if taken at bedtime, the client may feel tired the next day |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: at the onset of treatment, may cause feelings of |
|
Definition
| restlessness or anxiousness, increased perspiration or night sweats, and clouded thinking or difficulty concentrating. although usually short lived, these effects may cause your pt to stop taking this med |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants are one fo the leading causes of |
|
Definition
| death by drug overdose in the US (due to lethal cardiac complications) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: long acting insulin meds are known as |
|
Definition
| basal insulins and help clients aboid blood sugar level spikes and nocturnal hypoglycemia. administer once a day, at the same time each day (usually bedtime) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: remind the hclient to eat when while using rapid acting insulin |
|
Definition
| 5 to 10 minutes after using rapid acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: oral antidiabetic agents can be used how |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination as effective therapy for type 2 diabetics. however, these oral meds sometimes stop working after a few months or years (the cause is often unknown) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ are portent and cost effective glucose lowering agents but all of them cause weight gain and may not be the best choice for obese clients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ can cause people to sunburn more easily. clients should be warned to wear protective clothing and use (SPF 30 or higher) sunscreen when they are outdoors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ may also be used to treat intractable hiccups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: clinical trials indicate that _____ can effectively reduce nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and post op. it is not as effective for chemotherapy induced nausea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ can even prevent the anticipatory nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxi drugs. it comes in a tablet that rapidly dissolves in saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: take fexofenadine how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach with a glass of water. do not take with juice or antacids, which reduce absorption |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: geriatric clients are at risk for |
|
Definition
| orthostatic hypotension with many antihistamines; advise clients to change positions slowly. antihistamiens appear on the Beers list |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: _____ has multiple uses and is often combined with many other OTC meds. be sure to determine why the med was ordered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: the client may have an increase in what when first starting this med |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: clients with the metabolic condition called glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should not take drugs b/c |
|
Definition
| they risk severe damage to red blood cells, leading to anemia |
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: anaphylaxis and infusion reactions have been reported during and after administration of |
|
Definition
| pegloticase. pre medicate with antihistamines and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: when clients use both an inhaled steroid and inhaled bronchodilator how should they take them |
|
Definition
| they should use the bronchodilator first to open up airways, then wait a few minutes, and use the steroid so it can penetrate the lungs more effectively. Rinse and spit after using the inhalers |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: although anticholinergics are FDA approved for treating asthma attacks in an emergency room setting, they are primarily used for treating |
|
Definition
| smoking related COPD (emphysema) |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: the dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of peak serum theophylline concentration measurements, therapeutic level is between |
|
Definition
| 10 and 20mcg/ml. draw peak serum theophylline levels 15 to 30minutes after administering IV loading dose. ensure that diazepam is readily available to treat seizures |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: CNS stimulants can be |
|
Definition
| habit forming and therefore have a high potential for abuse |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: to prevent sleep problems |
|
Definition
| clients should take methylphenidate early in the day, before 6pm |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: may cause sudden death in |
|
Definition
| individuals with heart defects or serious heart problems. ask clients whether anyone in their family has an irregular heartbeat or has died suddenly |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: while on medications that lower the body's resistance, clients should not have |
|
Definition
| immunizations. those living in the same household should not take the oral polio vaccine since they could pass the polio virus to the client |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporine helps control the |
|
Definition
| symptoms of psoriasis. it comes in capsule or liquid form. clients should dilute the liquid in room temperature orange or apple juice (but never grapefruit juice) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: warning |
|
Definition
| there is a risk of severe, life threatening birth defects caused by thalidomide. it must not be taken by women who are pregnant or who could become pregnant. male clients taking thalidomide should not donate sperm |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: extended or regular use of laxatives can result in |
|
Definition
| dependence or even chronic constipation |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: docusate is often used after a |
|
Definition
| heart attack or post op, when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: advise client that laxatives should not be used when |
|
Definition
| constipation is accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, N/V |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: controlled studies have shown the herb ____ reduces the frequency of migraine attacks. are available in capsules or tablets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: when taken regularly these medications can reduce the number of migraine attacks: |
|
Definition
| amitriptyline (antidepressant); propanolol; verapamil; valproic acid,gabapentin and topiramate (seizure medications); and boulinum toxin (botox) |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: the serotonin receptor agonists (the triptans) do not prevent migraines. thaken at the first signs of a migraine, the prevent |
|
Definition
| symptoms from getting worse (severe throbbing, nausea, and sensitivity to sound and light). the erogts (dihydroergotamine and ergotamine) also help stop migraine attacks. |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: phenylephrine may be used to treat |
|
Definition
| priapism (painful, prolonged erections in men) |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: since midodrine can cause severe systolic supine hypertension it should not be given when |
|
Definition
| after the evening meal or less than 4 hours before bedtime. be sure to monitor the supine and standing bp regularly |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: to reduce the risk of local necrosis , |
|
Definition
| phentolamine (an alpha blocker) may be added to IV solutions containing norepinephrine. administer norepinephrine inot a large vein, such as an antecubital vein. |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: ARBs are often used for people who |
|
Definition
| cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. (note: they are not a substitute for ace inhibitors and do not prolong life the way ace inhibitors do |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: who shouldn't take them |
|
Definition
| women who are pregnant should not take ARBs because they cause birth defects (pregnancy category D in the 2nd and 3rd trimester) |
|
|
Term
| Do not delegate what you can |
|
Definition
| EAT evaluate, assessment, teaching |
|
|
Term
| Addisons disease labs look like... |
|
Definition
down, down, down, up, down
hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased blood volume, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia
dark pigmentatoin of skin, decreased resistance to stress, fractures, alopecia, weight loss, GI distress
Addisonian crisis:
n/v, confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia, dehydration, decreased BP |
|
|
Term
| Cushings disease labs look like... |
|
Definition
up, up, up, down, up
hypernatremia, hypertension, increased blood vol, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
prone to infection, muscle wasting, weakness, edema, HTN, hirsutism, moon face/buffalo hump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| K (do not give potassium without adequate urine output) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appearance (color pink, pink and blue, blue [pale])
Pulse (>100, <100, absent)
grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
0 to 10 range
8-10: newborn adjusting well
5-7: requires some resuscitative interventions
less than 5: vigorous resuscitation |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions
Airborne: |
|
Definition
My
chicken
Hez
TB
or remember...
MTV = airborne
Measles
TB
Varicella-chicken pox/Herpes zoster-Shingles
Private room - negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr
Mask, N95 for TB
Before entering:
1.Wash hands
2. Don N95 Respirator (Mask)
3. Don gown then gloves |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions:
Droplet |
|
Definition
Think SPIDERMAN:
Sepsis
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal pharngitis
Paovoviirus B19
Pneumonia
Pertussis
Influenza
Diptheria [pharngeal]
Epiglottitis
Rubella
Mumps
Meningitis
Mcoplasma or menningeal pneumonia
AN - adenovirus
private room or cohort
mask |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions:
Contact precautions: |
|
Definition
MRS. WEE
Multidrug resistant organism [MRSA, ESBL, PRSP, and MDRP]
Respiratory infection
Skin infection
Wound infection
Enteric infection - C diff
Eye infection - conjunctivitis
Skin Infections:
VCHIPS
Varicella zoster
Cutaneous diphtheria
Herpes simplex
Impetigo
Pediculosis
Scabies
Don gown then gloves opposite for removal of PPE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S&S:chest pain, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom
Turn pt to LEFT side LOWER the HOB |
|
|
Term
| Women in labor with un-reasuring FHR: |
|
Definition
late decels, decreased variability, fetal bradcardia
turrn on LEFT side and give O2, stop pitocin, increase IV fluids |
|
|
Term
| Tube feeding w/ decreased LOC |
|
Definition
| position pt on RIGHT side - promotes emptying of the stomach. with the HOB elevated - to prevent aspiration |
|
|
Term
| during epidural puncture - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After lumbar puncture and also oil based myyelogram |
|
Definition
| pt lies in FLAT SUPINE - to prevent HA and leaking of CSF |
|
|
Term
| Position for pt w/ heat stroke |
|
Definition
| lie FLAT with LEGS ELEVATED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position on side of AFFECTED EAR after surgery - allows drainage of secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt will sleep on UNAFFECTED SIDE with a night shield for 1-4 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low or semi fowler's, support head, neck and shoulders
prevent neck flexion/ hyperextension, trach at bedside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
position PRONE so that sac does not rupture
keep normal saline at bed side
precursor to latex injury |
|
|
Term
| Buck's traction (skin traction) |
|
Definition
| elevate foot of bed for counter traction |
|
|
Term
| After total hip replacement = |
|
Definition
| don't sleep on operated side, don't flex hip more than 45 - 60 degrees, don't elevate HOB more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knee to chest position or trendelenburg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to suture line. while feeding, hold in upright position |
|
|
Term
| To prevent dumping syndrome |
|
Definition
post op ulcer or stomach surgeries
eat in reclining position, lie down afterr meals for 20-30 minutes also restrict fluids during meals, low Carbohydrate and fiber diet, small frequent meals |
|
|
Term
| Above the knee amputation |
|
Definition
| elevate for first 24 hours on pillow, position prone daily to provide for hip extention |
|
|
Term
| Below the knee amputation |
|
Definition
| foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours, position prone daily to provide for hip extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of detachment should be in the dependent poition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position pt in LEFT SIDE LING position [sims] with knee flexed |
|
|
Term
| After supratentorial surgery |
|
Definition
incision behind hairline
elevate HOB 30-45 degrees |
|
|
Term
| After infratentorial surgery |
|
Definition
incision at nape of neck
position pt flat and lateral on either side |
|
|
Term
| during internal radiation |
|
Definition
| on BEDREST while implant is in place |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic dysreflexia/hyperreflexia |
|
Definition
S&S: pounding HA, profuse sweating, nasal congestion, goose flesh, bradycardia, hypertension
place pt in SITTING POSITION (ELEVATE HOB) FIRST BEFORE AN OTHER IMPLEMENTATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bed rest with extremities elevated 20 degrees, knees straight, head slightly elevated (reverse trendelenburg] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP |
|
|
Term
| Peritoneal dialysis when outflow is inadequate |
|
Definition
| turn pt from side to side BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after the procedure, the client should be placed in the supine position for 4 to 12 hours as prescribed |
|
|
Term
| pain medication for pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| Demorol not Morphine sulfate |
|
|
Term
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia crisis
cholinergic crisis |
|
Definition
myasthenia gravis:
worsens with exercise and improves with rest
myasthenia crisis:
a positive reaction to Tensilon - will improve Sx
Cholinergic crisis:
caused b excessive medication - stop med- giving Tensilon will make it worse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) crstallizes at room temperature so always use a filter needle |
|
|
Term
| Prior to a liver biopsy it's important to be aware of what lab result |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
From the ass [diarrhea] =
from the mouth (vomit) = |
|
Definition
metabolic ASSidosis
metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair |
|
|
Term
| Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
| accelerated physical and mental function; sensitivity to heat, fine/soft hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, pulse, and HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased Ca
CATS -
convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, stridor
high Ca low phosphorus diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased Ca
fatigue, muscle weakness, renal caliculi, back and joint pain
low Ca high phosphorus diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase resp, hpotension, anxiety, urine specific gravity >1.030 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine specific gravit <1.010; semi-fowlers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased ADH
excessive urine output and thirst, dehydration weakness, administer pitressin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased ADH
change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia, n/v/a, HA; administer Declomycin, diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscle weakness, dysrhythmias
increase K - raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MURDER: muscle weakness, urine (oliguria, aniuria), resp depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching, convulsion; osmotic diuretics, fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, weakness, disorientation/delusions, hypotension, tachycardia; hypotonic solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CATS -
convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, and stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes, sedative effect on CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tremors, tetany, seizures, dysrhythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depresses the CNS, hypotension, facial flushing, muscle weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypersecretion of epi/norepi, persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress, frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid cold and stimulating foods, surgery to remove tumor
tumor of adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: |
|
Definition
NMS is like S&M
you get hot (hyperplexia)
stiff (increased muscle tone)
sweaty (diaphoresis)
BP, P, RR go up
you start to drool |
|
|
Term
| Which is dangerous when you're pregnant; regular measles (rubeola) or german measles [rubella] |
|
Definition
| never get pregnant with a german [rubella] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
remember HOPS
Think DROPS [child drops to floor or squats] or POSH
Defect, septal
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
pulmonary stenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used as antidepressants:
Pirates say arrr, think; pirates take MAOI's when they're depressed
MAOI's used for depression all have an arr sound in the middle [parnate, marplan, nardil] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
potentially life threatening emergency
elevate head of bed 90 degree
loosen constrictive clothing
assess for bladder distention and bowel impaction
administer antihypertenive meds [may cause stroke, MI, seizure] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
check pulse
less than 60 hold
check dig levels and potassium levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of GERD and kidney stones
watch out for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of anxietyy and also itching
watch for dry mouth
given pre op commonly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
given for conscious sedation
watch for resp depression and hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention of thyroid storm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of pakinson
sweat, saliva, urine, ma turrn rreddish brown occasionally
causes drowsiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of parkinson
sedative effect also |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx of parkinson and EPS of other drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx of postop n/v and for nausea associated with gastrroenteritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotic
dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs
diarrrhea common side effect
drink plenty of fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| probenecid [benemid], colchicine, allopurrinol [zloprim] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of HTN or CHF
report flu like symptoms, rise slowly from sitting/lying position; take with meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of irritable bowel
assess for anticholinergic side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
tx of HTN, angina
assess for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of duodenal ulcers
coats the ulcer
so take before meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of asthma or COPD
therap drug level: 10 - 20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the antedote to tylenol and is administered orally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of glaucoma, high altitude sickness
dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nsaid
tx of arthritis [osteo, rhematoid, gouty], bursitis, and tendonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of hypothyroidism
may take several weeks to take effect
notify Dr of chest pain
take in the AM on empty stomach
could cause hyperthroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of alcohol w/d
dont take alcohol with this
very bad nausea and vomiting can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of leukemia
given IV only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of scabies and lice
scabies: apply lotion once and leave on for 8-12 hours
lice: use the shampoo and leave on for 4 minutes with hair uncovered then rinse with warm water and comb with a fine tooth comb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx after menopause estrogen replacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of seizures
thera drug level is 10-20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of schizophrenia
assess for EPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of ADHD
assess for heart related s/e report immediately...child may need a drug holiday b/c it stunts growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of hypotension, shock, low CO, poor perfusion to vital organs
monitor EKG for arrhythmias monitor BP |
|
|
Term
| Having trouble remembering the patterns in OB |
|
Definition
think VEAL CHOP
V C
E H
A O
L P
V=variable decels; C=cord compression
E=early decels; H=head compression
A=accels; O=okay ,not a problem
L=late decels; placental insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
place the mother in the TRENDELENBERG position b/c this removes pressure of the presenting part off the cord. [if her head is down the baby is no longer being pulled out of the body by gravity
if the cord is prolapsed cover it with sterile saline gauze to prevent drying of the cord and to minimize infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turn the mother to her left side to allow more blood flow to the placenta |
|
|
Term
| for an kind of bad fetal heart rate pattern |
|
Definition
| you give O2, often by mask |
|
|
Term
| when doing an epidural anesthesia |
|
Definition
| hydration before hand is a priority |
|
|
Term
| hypotension and bradypnea/bradycardi |
|
Definition
| are major risks and emergencies |
|
|
Term
| Never check the monitor or a machine as a first action; always |
|
Definition
assess the patient first
for example listen to fetal heart tones with a stethoscope in NCLEX land. Sometimes it's hard to tell who to check on first, the mother or the baby; it's usually easy to tell the right answer if the mother or baby involves a machine. if you're not sure who to check first and one of the choices involves the machine that's the wrong answer |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is a posterior presentation |
|
Definition
| the sounds are heard at the sides |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is anterior |
|
Definition
| the sounds are heard closer to midline, between the umbilicus and where you would listen to a posterior presentation |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is breech |
|
Definition
| the sounds are high up in the fundus near the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is vertex |
|
Definition
| they are a little bit above the symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HOLD
High alarm- Obstruction due to increased secretions, kink, pt coughs, gag or bites
Low pressure alarm - Disconnection or leak in ventilator or in pt airway cuff, pt stops spontaneous breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hot and dry-sugar high(hyperglycemia)
cold and clammy need some candy (hypoglycemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opposite VS
ICP-increased BP decreased P and RR
Shock-decreased BP increased P and RR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right sided HF caused by the right ventricle or pulmonary hypertension
pick edema, jvd, if it's a choice |
|
|
Term
| heroin withdrawal neonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no meat and milk together |
|
|
Term
| pulse area cpr on an infant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| age to test child for lead poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits |
|
|
Term
| when are cultures obtained in relation to antibiotic therapy |
|
Definition
| before starting IV antibiotics obtain cultures |
|
|
Term
| pt with leukemia may experience |
|
Definition
| epitaxis b/c of low platelet count |
|
|
Term
| best way to warm a newborn |
|
Definition
| skin to skin contact covered with a blanket on mom |
|
|
Term
| nurses first action when a pt comes in and she is in active labor |
|
Definition
| listen to fetal heart tone/rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use systemic desensitization |
|
|
Term
| when getting down to two answers, choose the assessment answer (assess, collect, monitor, auscultate, palpate] over the intervention except in an emergency or distress situation. if one answer has an absolute, discard it. Give priority to answers that deal directly to the patient's body, not the machines/equipment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| key words are very important. avoid answers with absolutes for example |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amynoglycosides, like vancomycin, cause |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| should go over at least 2 minutes |
|
|
Term
| if a pt is not a child an answer with family options can be rule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ARDS (fluids in alveoli)&
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
|
Definition
| are always secondary to something else (another disease process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypoxemia - low oxygen level in tissues |
|
|
Term
| what is the best indicator of dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can causes Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy) when given to children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use cold for acute pain (sprained ankle) and heat for chronic (rheumatoid arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| guided imagery is great for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medication administration is rarely a good choice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever and chills are present
for the elderly confusion is often present |
|
|
Term
| antibiotic administration |
|
Definition
| always check for allergies especially PCN. make sure culture and sensitivity has been done before adm. first dose of antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COPD is chronic
pneumonia is acute
emphysema and bronchitis are with COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baroreceptors that detect the CO2 level are destroyed. therefore O2 level must be low because high O2 concentration blows the pt stimulus for breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cushing syndrome = buffalo hump, moon face, high glucose, HTN |
|
|
Term
| 4 options for cancer management |
|
Definition
| chemo, radiation, surgery, die with dignityy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no live vaccines, no fresh fruits, no flowers should be used |
|
|
Term
| chest tubes are placed in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angina = low oxygen to heart = no dead tissue
MI = dead heart tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticholesterol med
must be given with evening meal if it is QD (per day) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the great saphenous vein is taen it is turned inside out due to the valves that are inside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dead tissues cannot have PVC's (premature ventricular contraction) if left untreated pvc's can lead to VF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 tablespoon =____t or ____ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the lungs = potent vasodilator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
coumadin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
ammonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
acetaminophen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
iron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
digoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reverse agents for toxicity
opioid analgesic used to detoxify/treat pain in narcotic addicts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysrhthmias. dopamine increases BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| med of choice for asystole (no heart beat) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Med of choice for anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| med of choice for status epilepticus is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| med of choice for bipolar is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is effective in both ventricular and atrial complications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s3 sound normal and not normal when |
|
Definition
| normal in CHF not normal in MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gi med
give before meals to coat stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| given prophylactically to prevent stress ulcers |
|
|
Term
| what should you check after and endoscopy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the diverticulum in the colon
pain is around the LLQ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the appendix
pain is in the RL quadrant with rebound tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portal hypotension +albuminemia |
|
|
Term
| beta cells of the pancrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is morphine contraindicated in pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| causes spasm of the sphincter of oddi. therefore demerol should be given |
|
|
Term
| signs observed in hypocalcemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic enzymes are given when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| petechiae. treat with heparin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous passive motion machine |
|
|
Term
| give prophylactic antibiotic therapy before |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cloud, blurry vision, treated by lens removal surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation ->HA
decreased CO2 causes vasoconstriction-> lightheaded |
|
|
Term
| most spinal cord injuries are at what level |
|
Definition
| lumbar or vervical regions |
|
|
Term
| myelin sheath destruction, disruption in nerve impulse conduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in receptor sites for acetylcholine. since smallest concentration of ACTH receptors are in cranial nerves, expect fatigue and weakness in eye, mastication (chewing), pharyngeal muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test given if muscle is tense in myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascending paralysis (lower limbs before upper). keep eye on respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RAT - rigidity, akinesia (loss of muscle mvt.), tremors.
treat with levodopa |
|
|
Term
| TIA - transient ischemic attack vs CVA cerebrovascular accident |
|
Definition
TIA = mini stroke with no dead brain tissue
CVA = is with dead brain tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cancer of lymph is very curable in early stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
double by 6mo
triple by 1yr |
|
|
Term
| when to hold dig with children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first sign may be meconium ileus at birth. baby is inconsolable, do not eat, not passing meconium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remember for cyanotic - 3T's (ToF, Truncys arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels). Prevent blood from gong to the heart. If problem does not fix itself or cannot be corrected surgically, CHF will occur followed by death |
|
|
Term
| With R side cardiac cath look for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with L side in adults look for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rheumatic fever can lead to |
|
Definition
| cardiac valve malfunctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poor muscle control due to birth injuries and/or decrease oxygen to brain tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
should be <2
measure head circumference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ther level 10-20
can cause gingival hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| two signs to check with suspected meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually encapsulated above the kidneys causing flank pain. do not palpate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is x linked mother passes to son |
|
|
Term
| when phenylalaniine increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children <3, <35 lbs with femur fx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place apparatus first then place the weight |
|
|
Term
| where should the placenta be |
|
Definition
| in upper part of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
flat P HYPERkalemia
prolonged PR HYPERkalemia HYPERmagnesemia
widened QRS HYPERkalemia HYPERmagnesemia
prolonged QT hypocalcemia
prolonged ST hypocalcemia
shortened ST HYPERacalcemia
depressed ST hypokalemia hypomagnesemia
widened T HYPERcalcemia
tall T HYPERkalemia hypomagnesemia
inverted T hypokalemia
shallow
flat
prominent U hypokalemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amniocentesis before 20 weeks gestation |
|
Definition
| check for cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| when do the fontanelles close |
|
Definition
anterior closes at 18 months
posterior closes 6 to 8 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines. swelling reabsorbs within 1 to 3 days |
|
|
Term
| pathological jaundice vs physiological jaundice |
|
Definition
patho = occurs before 24hrs and lasts 7days
physiological= occurs after 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| placenta previa vs placental abruption |
|
Definition
previa= no pain, bleeding present
abruption= pain and bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surfactant
med for lung expansion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baby cannot make it down to canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to halt preterm labor is contraindicated if deep tendon reflexes are ineffective. if pt experiences seizure during magnesium adm. get the baby out stat (emergency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antidepressants
take about 3 weeks to work |
|
|
Term
obsession is to
compulsion is to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
if pt have hallucinations what do you do
if pt has delusions what do you do |
|
Definition
hallucinations - redirect them
delusions - distract them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antipsychotic can lead to EPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to dry up secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an antiemetic used to reduce nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly used tranquilized given to reduce anxiety before OR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when shouldn't you give demerol |
|
Definition
| pt with sickle cell anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oh (olfactory 1)
Oh (optic 2)
Oh (olfactory 3)
To (trochlear 4)
Touch (trigeminal V)
And (abducens VI)
Feel ( Facial VII)
A (auditory VIII)
Girls (Glossopharyngeal IX)
Vagina (vagus X)
And (accessor XI)
Hymen (hypoglassal XII)
S=sensory M=motor B=both
some
say
marry
money
but
my
brother
says
big
bras
matter
more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
greater than 145
SALT
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low grade fever
Thirst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sit at 6 and waves bye bye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stands straight at 8
can sit w/o support
can roll from front to back
can hold a bottle
closure of ant font
can say mama dada
2 teeth present |
|
|
Term
| 10 to 11 mo developmental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 12 and up drink from a cup |
|
|
Term
| 16 to 18 mo developmental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discriminates b/w pic of objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eyes, verbal, motor
it is similar to measuring dating skills... max 15 points
if below 8 you are in coma
so, to start dating you gotta open your eyes first, if you are able to do that spontaneously and use them correctly to SEE whom you dating you earn 4. but if she has to scream at you to open them it is only 3... and 1 you dont care to open even if she tries to hurt you
if you get good EYE contact 4 then move to verbal
talk to him if you can do that you are really oriented in situation take 4 more points... if you like him try not to be confused (3), and of course do not use inappropriate words (3). try not to respond with incomprehensibile sounds (2). if you do not like him just show no verbal response 1.
since you've got eye and verbal contact you can MOVE now using you motor response points. this is very important as moves give you 6pts |
|
|
Term
| the person who hyperventilates is most likely to experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restless, anxious, cyanotic, tachycardia, increased temp... also monitor ABGs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase fat and protein, small frequent meals, lie down after meal to decrease peristalsis, wait 1 hr after meals to drink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O is the universal donor
AB is the universal receipient |
|
|
Term
| a nurse with localized herpes zoster |
|
Definition
| can care for pts as long as they are not immunosuppressed and the lesions must be covered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drug categories should you give with food |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs, corticosteroids, drugs for bipolar, cephalosporins, sulfanomides, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of choice for status epilepticus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases the risk of dig toxicity and decreases the effects of lithium and dilantin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an inhaler used to treat allergy induced asthma ma cause bronchospasms
think iNto the asthmatic lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peptic ulcers caused by H pylori are treated with |
|
Definition
flagyl, prilosec,, and biaxin.
this treatment kills bacteria and stops production of stomach acid, but does not heal the ulcer. |
|
|
Term
| weighted NI (naso intestinal tubes) |
|
Definition
| must float from stomach to intestine. don't tape the tube right away after placement,may leave coiled next to pt on HOB position patient on right to facilitate movement through pylorus |
|
|
Term
| diaphragm as a contraceptive |
|
Definition
| must stay in place 6 hours after intercourse. they are also fitted so must be refitted if you lose or gain a significant amount of weight |
|
|
Term
| best time to take growth horomone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best time to take steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best time to take aricept |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take before meals mucosal barrier; constipation |
|
|
Term
| long term use of amphogel |
|
Definition
| binds to phophates, increases Ca, robs the bones... leads to increased Ca resortion from bones and weak bones |
|
|
Term
| cushings ulcers related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| r/t ICP in brain (htn, bradycaria, irr. resp.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intraocular pressure is greater than normal (22)
tends to be higher in the mornings
give miotics to constric (pilocarpine) no atropine |
|
|
Term
| no dairy sources of calcium |
|
Definition
| rhubarb, sardines, collard greens |
|
|
Term
| nurs consideration for allopurinol |
|
Definition
| push fluids to flush the uric acid out of system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red spots with blue center characteristic of prodromal stage of measles
usually in the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause peripheral neuritis, take vit B6 to prevent also hepatotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red spots with blue center characteristic of prodromal stage of measles
usually in the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red orange tears and urine, also contraceptives dont work as well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to conjunctival sac after wards apply pressure to nasolacrimal duct/inner canthus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| put them in fetal position, NPO, gut rest, prepare antecubital site for PICC because they'll probably be getting TPN/Lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has live cultures don't give to immunosuppressed pt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain with palpation of gallbladder area seen with cholecystitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flank grayish blue pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diverticulitis, low residue, no seeds, nuts, peas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests for PKU, baby should have eaten source of protein first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for pernicious anemia/ how well one absorbs vit b12 |
|
|
Term
| peritoneal dialysis normal vs not normal |
|
Definition
| it's ok to have abdominal craps, blood tinged outflow, and leaking around site if the peritoneal dialysis cat (tenkhoff) was placed in the last 1-2 weeks. cloudy outflow never normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
given at 28 wks, 72 hours post partum, IM. ONly given to Rh NEGATIVE mother
Also if indirect coomb's test is positive, don't need to give rhogam because she has antibody only give if negative coombs |
|
|
Term
| amniotic fluid yellow with particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. EXCEPT with abdomen because you don't want to mess with the bowels and their sounds so you inspect, auscultate, percuss then palpate |
|
|
Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
|
Definition
| is a condition in which there is a degeneration of motor neurons in both the upper and lower motor neuron systems |
|
|
Term
| transesophageal fistula (TEF) |
|
Definition
esophagus doesn't fully develop (this is surgical emergency)
The 3 C's of TEF in the newborn
Choking
coughing
cyanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they put an amulet or any other use of protective charms around their baby's neck to avoid evil eye or envy of others |
|
|
Term
| contraindication for Hep B vaccine |
|
Definition
| anaphylactic reaction to baker's yeast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor thiocynate (cyanide). normal value should be 1, >1 is heading toward toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semi fowlers with knees flexed to relieve lower back pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external rotation, shortening, adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood tinged sputum (r/t inflammation) inc ESR, resp alkalosis (r/t tachypnea), hypocalcemia, increased serum lipids, snow storm on CXR |
|
|
Term
| complications of mechanical ventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tinnitus, bone pain, enlargement of bone, thick bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cheese, corn, cranerries, plums, prunes, meat, poultry, pastry, bread |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milk, veggies, rhubarb, salmon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effect of thyroid hormones |
|
Definition
| insomnia... increased met. rate, your body is too busy to sleep as opposed to the people with hypothyroidism who may report somnolence (dec met rate, body is slow and sleepy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patch the good eye so that the weaker eye can get stronger. BOTOX for strabismus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2LNC or less (hypoxic not hypercapnic drive), PaO2 of 60ish and SaO2 90% is normal for them b/c they are chronic CO2 retainers |
|
|
Term
| neostigmine/atropine (anticholinergic) to reverse effect of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes hypokalemia (amongst many other things.. have to premedicate before giving. Pts will most likely get a fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for hypersensitivity before giving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take with high fat diet - increases absorption |
|
|
Term
| amphogel and renegal take with or without meals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is greatest 7-9mo, separation anxiety peaks in toddlerhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pt's bronchodilator will be with-held and they are not allowed to smoke for 4 hours prior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for glaucoma, can cause hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for ADHD, may alter insulin needs, aboid taking with MAOI's, take in AM (insomnia possible side effect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for retinitis caused by cytomealovirus, pt will need regular eye exams, report dizziness, confusion, or seizures immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to treat and prevent TB, do not give with dilantin, can cause phenytonin toxicity, monitor LFT's , give B6 along with, hypotension will occur initially, then resolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for TB, dyes bodily fluids orange |
|
|
Term
| if mixing antipsychotics (haldol, throazine, prolixin) with fluids |
|
Definition
| med is incompatible with caffine and apple juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preferred anti psychotic in elderly, but high risk EPS, monitor for early signs of reaction and give IM benadryl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for parkinsons, contraindicated in pts with glaucoma, aboid B6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for parkinsons, contraindicated with MAOI's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for sickle cell, report GI symptoms immediately, could be sign of toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for hyperlipidemia, take on empty stomach to enhance absorption, report any unexplained muscle pain, especially in fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| botulin toxin can be used with strabismus also to relax vocal cords in spasmodic dysphonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a psychiatric disorder that causes an individual to self inflict injury or illness or to fabricate symptoms of physical or mental illness in order to receive medical care or hospitalization, in a variation of the disorder, munchausen by proxy, an indidual, typically a mother, intentionally causes or fabricates illness in a child or other person under her care |
|
|
Term
| is a chronic, progressive disease with demyelinating lesions in the CNS which affect the white matter of the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Multiple sclerosis
Motor S/S
Sensory S/S
Cerebral S/S |
|
Definition
Motor - limb weakness, paralysis, slow speech
sensory s/s - numbness, tingling, tinnitus
cerebral s/s- nystagmus, ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria |
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Term
|
Definition
50% genetic, autosomal dominant disorder
s/s chorea -> writhing, twisting, movements of face, limbs and body
- gait deteroirates to no ambulation
-no cure, just palliative care |
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Term
|
Definition
| a pt with pyelonephritis (neutrophils kick in to fight infection) |
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Term
| definitive diagnosis for abd aortic aneurysm AAA |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
pt has hypoactive bowel sounds
when giving Kayexalate watch for dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
| smell urine on the breath |
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Term
|
Definition
bile is lower obstruction
no bile is upper obstruction
ribbon like stools |
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Term
| no cantaloupe or fish before what test |
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Definition
| occult blood test. cantaloup is high in vit c and vit c causes a false postive result |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormality in which urethral meatus is located on teh ventral surface of the penis anywhere from the corna to the perineum (remember hypo, low (for lower side or under side) |
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Term
|
Definition
| opeing of the urethra on the dorsal front surface of the penis |
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Term
|
Definition
| painful erection lasting longer than 6 hours |
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Term
|
Definition
dry mouth- can't spit
urinary retention - can't ***
constipated - can't ****
blurred vision - can't see |
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Term
| when you see coffee brown emesis, think |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If you can only do one thing to help the pt what would it be? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| question about halo remember |
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Definition
| safety first have a screwdriver near by |
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Term
| fetal alcohol syndrome presentation |
|
Definition
upturned nose
flat nasal bridge
thin upper lip
SGA |
|
|
Term
IM Site for
6mo infant
above 18mo
children |
|
Definition
vastus lateralis
ventrofluteal
deltoid and gluteus maximus |
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Term
|
Definition
OU - both eyes
OS - Left eye
OD - right eye (Dominent right eye to try and remember) |
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Term
|
Definition
COAL
cane opposite affected leg |
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Term
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Definition
| take v.s., shave area around needle insertion, position patient with arms on pillow on over bed table or lying on side, no more than 1000cc at a time. post - listen for bilateral breath sounds, v.s., check leakage, sterile dressing |
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Term
|
Definition
| npo 8-12hrs, empty bladder, pulses, tell pt may feel heat palpitations or desire to cough with dye injection. post vs keep leg straight bedrest 6-8 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
| well hydrated, lie flat, site shaved, pulses marked, post - keep flat 12-14hrs, check site, pulses, force fluids |
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Term
|
Definition
| NPO 4-6 hrus, allergy hx, phenothiazines, cns depressants, and stimulants withheld 48 hrs prior, table will be moved to various positions druing test, post - neuro q2-4, water soluble HOB up, oil soluble HOB down, oral analgesics for HA, encourage po fluids, assess for distended bladder, inspect site |
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Term
|
Definition
| adm vit k, nop morning of exam 6 hrs, give sedative, teach pt that he will be asked to hold breath for 5-10 sec, supine position, lateral with upper arms elevated. Post position on right side, frequent vs, report severe ab pain stat, no heavy lifting 1 wk |
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Term
|
Definition
| CO2 used to enhance visual, general anesthesia, foley. post - walk pt to decrease co2 build up used for procedure |
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Term
|
Definition
| used after mastectomy, empty when full or q8hr, remove plug, empty contents, place on flat surface, cleanse opening and plug with alcohol sponge, compress evacuator completely to remove air, release plug, check system for operation |
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Term
Common sighs and symptoms
PTB |
|
Definition
| low grade afternoon fever |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
emphysema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
kawasaki syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stepladder like fever with chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pseudo membrane formation |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
measles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
SLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
liver cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
leprosy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
bulimia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
appendicitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
dengue |
|
Definition
| petechiae or + herman's sign |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
meningitis |
|
Definition
kernig's sign - leg flex then leg pain on extension
brudzinski sign
neck flex = lower leg flex |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
tetany |
|
Definition
| hypocalcemia + trousseau's sigh/carpopedal spasm; chvostek sign (facial spasm) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
tetanus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| cullen's sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus; + grey turner spots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
PDA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
intussusception |
|
Definition
| sausage shaped mass, dance sign (empty portion of RLQ) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
MS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
MG |
|
Definition
| descending muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
guillain barre syndrome |
|
Definition
| ascending muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
LTB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
epiglotitis |
|
Definition
3Ds
drooling, dysphonia, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hodgekin's disease/lymphoma |
|
Definition
| painless, progressive enlargement of spleen and lymph tissues, reedstenberg cells |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
Mono |
|
Definition
| hallmark sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
parkinson's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
fibrin hyalin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cystic fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
bladder cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
BPH |
|
Definition
| reduced size and force of urine |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
| nikolsky's sign (separation of epidermis caused by rubbing of the skin) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
retinal detachment |
|
Definition
| visual floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
glaucoma |
|
Definition
| painful vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (peripheral vision loss) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cataract |
|
Definition
| painless vision loss, opacity of the lens, blurring of vision |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
retino blastoma |
|
Definition
| cat's eye reflex - grayish discoloration of pupils |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
acromegaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| gower's sign (use of hands to push one's self form the floor) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
GERD |
|
Definition
| barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the esophageal mucosa) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hepatic encephalopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| bossing sign (prominent forehead) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
ICP |
|
Definition
| hypertension , bradypnea, bradycardia (cushing's triad) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
meniere's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
basilar fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take with jice or water, never with milk |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
therapeutic drug levels
dilantin
theophylline
acetaminophen
lithium
digoxin |
|
Definition
dilantin 10-20
theophylline 10-20
acetaminophen 10-20
lithium 0.5-1.5
digoxin 0.5-2.0 |
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Term
|
Definition
| is an infectious bone disease get blood cultures and give antibiotics, then if necessary surgery to drain abscess |
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Term
|
Definition
| s/s edema + hypotension. turn and repostion (risk for impaired skin integrity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serum reatinine elevated and urine clearnce decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hot as a hare (temp), mad as a hatter (LOC), red as a beet (flushed face), and dry as a bone (thirsty) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give diet low fat, high sodium, fat soluble vitamins, aerosal bronchodilators, mucolytics and pancreatic enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/e aggitation, sleep disturb, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/e agranulocytosis, tachycardia and seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toes curl great
toes fan bad |
|
|
Term
| further testing for pregnant women after flucose tolerance test if |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| assessing extraocular eye movements check cranial nerves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dusk stoma means poor blood supply
protruding means prolapsed
sharp pain + rigidity means peritonitis
mucus in ileal conduit is expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s/e rash (stop), gingival hyperplasia (good hygiene)
toxicity -> poor gait + coordination, slurred speech, nausea, lethargy, and diplopia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| phenobarbital can be taken dilatin is contraindicated |
|
|
Term
| change in color is always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incentive spirometry steps |
|
Definition
sit upright
exhale
insert mouthpiece
inhale for 3 seconds
and then hold for 10 sec |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MRSA contact precautions only
VRSA contact and airborne |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L level of therapeutic affect is 0.5 -1.5
I indicate mania
T toxic lvl 2-3 - N/V, diarrhea, tremor
H hydrate 2-3L of water/day
I increased UO and dry mouth
U uhoh; give mannitol and diamox if toxic
M maintain Na intake of 2-3g/day |
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|
Term
| All psych meds - except lithium -s/e are the same as SNS but the BP is DECREASED |
|
Definition
| SNS increase in BP, HR, and RR (dilated bronchioled), dilated pupils (blurred vision), decreased GUT (urinary retention), GIT (constipation), constricted blood vessels and dry mouth |
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|
Term
| blood transfusion sign of allergies in order |
|
Definition
flank pain
frequent swallowing
rahes
fever
chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
admin diuretics to decrease endolymph in the cochlea, restric Na, lay on affected are when in bed
triad: vertigo, tinnitus, n/v |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in pediatric life threatening emergencies, when iv access cannot be obtained, an osseous (bone) needle is hand drilled into a bone (usually the tibia), where crystalloids, colloids, blood products and drugs can be administered into the marrow.
when venous access is achieved it can be d/c'd. one medication that cannot be administered by intraosseous infusion is isoproterenol, a beta agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are old enough and should have an explanation of what will happen a week before surgery such as tonsillectomy |
|
|
Term
| why is it essential to maintain nasal patency with children <1 yr |
|
Definition
| because they are obligatory nasal breathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cryptorchidism is a known risk factor for testiculaar cancer later in life. start teaching boys testicular self exam around 12, because most cases occur during adolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| will have high protein and low glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precedes rheumatic fever. chorea is part of this sickness (grimacing, sudden body movements, etc.) and it embarrasses kids. they have joint pain. watch for elevated antistreptolysin O to be elevated. Penicillin |
|
|
Term
| the main hypersensitivity reaction seen with antiplatelet drugs is |
|
Definition
| bronchospasm (anaphylaxis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein in the urine confirms multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pallor, tachycardia, and sore red tongue |
|
|
Term
| with flecainide (tambocor) |
|
Definition
| an antiarrythmic, limit fluids and sodium intake, because sodium increases water retention which could lead to HF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release histamine during an allergic response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the treatment of choice for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means it was caused by treatment, procedure, or medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx for breast cancer pt
should report changes in visual acuity, because the adverse effect could be irreversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for short term neuromuscular blocking agent for procedures like intubation and ECT. Norcuron is for intermediate or long term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases the effects of oral anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| typical adverse reaction to oral hypoglycemics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for spasticity, may take a week or more to be effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, vision chages, fatigue, and spasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no phenylalanine - no meat, no dairy, no aspartame |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a positive western blot in a child indicates that the mother is infected. two or more positive p24 antigen tests will confirm HIV in kids <18mo. the p24 can be used at any age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid OPV and Varicella vaccinations (live), but give pneumococcal and influenza. MMR is avoided only if the kid is severely immunocompromised. parents should wear gloves for care, not kiss kids on the mouth, and not share eating utensils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a patient with low hemoglobin and/or hematocrit should be assessed for |
|
Definition
| signs of bleeding, such as dark stools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diastolic times 2 plus systolic divided by 3 |
|
|
Term
| celiac disease can't have |
|
Definition
| BROW barely rice oats wheat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starve a gastric ulcer feed a duo ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
c: change in bowel or bladder habits
a: a sore that doesn’t heal
u: unusual bleeding or discharge
t: thickening or lump
i: indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o: obvious changes in a wart or mole
n: nagging cough or hoarseness. |
|
|
Term
A way we were taught to remember which Beta Blockers are contra-indicated in patients with Resp problems are easy....
Contra-Indicated- so think.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
q 4 weeks -28-32 weeks
q 2 weeks -32-36 weeks
q1 week -36-40 weeks |
|
|
Term
| These medications slow the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), decreasing the production of angiotensin II. As a result blood vessels relax and dilate, blood pressure lowers, and more oxygen rich blood reaches the heart. |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What are ACE inhibitors used for? |
|
Definition
| control blood pressure, treat heart failure, and help prevent strokes. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of ACE inhibitors = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels. As a result blood vessels dilate and blood pressure drops |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ARBs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control high blood pressure and treat heart failure
slow the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These Medications:
May prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Help regulate the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in the processing, storage and retrieval of information (NMDA receptor antagonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uses for anti alzheimer's agents include |
|
Definition
treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine)
Memantine is used to treate moderate-to -severe alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Two types of Anti-Alzheimer Agents = |
|
Definition
cholinesterase inhibitors = mild to moderate alzheimer disease
NMDA receptor antagonist - used to treat moderate to severe alzheimer's disease. |
|
|
Term
| cholinesterase inhibitors include |
|
Definition
donepezil* (Aricept)
galantamine (Razadyne)
Rivastigmine (Exelon) |
|
|
Term
| NMDA receptor antagonist - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria and compromise the structure of the bacterial cell wall |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| Uses for Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
treat and prevent severe infections, such as septicemia (bacteria in the blood) and severe urinary tract infections
Treat hospital acquired respiratory infections, caused by aerobic, gram negative bacteria, e.g., as Escherichia coli and dlebsiella species. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
| END IN MYCIN exceptamikacin (Amikin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mold Cephalosporium. Like Penicillins, they interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Cephalosporins uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent a wide variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. |
|
|
Term
| cephalosporins examples = |
|
Definition
| Start with CEF 4 Generations |
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they are the only class of antimicrobial agents in clinical use that directly inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones uses include |
|
Definition
treat wide range of infections of the sinuses, skin, lungs, ears, airways, urinary tract, bones, and joints caused by gram negative and gram positive organisms
prevent and treat anthrax |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Flurorquinolones - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are bacteriostatic. They inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction by interfering with their ability to make proteins |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides uses |
|
Definition
treat various systemic and local bacterial infections of the resp. tract, GI tract, and soft tissues
treat severe acne and sexually transmitted infections
prevent whopping cough, as well as endocarditis in dentistry |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides examples - |
|
Definition
end in myocin...
azithromycin *(zithromax)
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
dirithromycin (Dynabac)
erythromycin (E-mycin)
troleandomycin (Tao) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a class of antibiotics called beta-lactans, which exert bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall production. Currently this group includes more than 20 antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-infective - Penicillins uses |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent of wide range of bacterial infections including streptococcal infections, syphilis and lyme disease |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infective - penicillins = |
|
Definition
All end in cillin
Aminopenicillins -
amoxicillin* (amoxil)
ampicillin (principen, omnipen)
Extended spectrum penicillins -
cabenicillin (Geocillin)
piperacillin (Pipracil)
ticacillin (Ticar)
Natural penicillins -
penicillin G (generic
Penicillin V* (Pen-VK)
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins -
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin (generic)
oxacillin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| These bacteriostatic medications provide a broad spectrum of activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides uses |
|
Definition
treat UTI
Treat some types of bacterial pneumonia (pneumocystis Carinii) and shigellosis
Treat some protozoal infections |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
Definition
All have Sulf in them
mafenide (Sulfamylon)
sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph 10)
sulfamethizole (thiosulfil Forte)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine)
sulfisoxazole (gantrisin)
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole* (septra, bactrim) |
|
|
Term
| These broad spectrum anti-infectives exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - Tetracyclines uses - |
|
Definition
treat respiratory tract infections
treat acne and skin infections, genital infections (syphilis, chlamydia), and urinary tract infections
treat lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, and rickettsial infections and the infection that causes stomach ulcers (caused by helicobacter pylori) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - tetracyclines - |
|
Definition
all end in cycline
demeclocycline (declomycin)
doxycycline* (vibramycin)
minocycline (minocin)
oxytetracycline (terramycin)
tetracycline (sumycin) |
|
|
Term
| these vasodilatros dilate the blood vessels, improve blood flow and allow more oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle. they also relax the veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent attacks of (acute) angina |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates examples - |
|
Definition
isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR, Sorbitrate, Isordil)
isosorbide mononitrate* (ISMO, Monoket, Imdur)
nitroglycerin (nitro-dur, nitro-bid, nitrostat)
have trate on the end or nitro in the word... |
|
|
Term
| These medications act at many levels in the CNS, producing an anxiolytic effect. they may produce CNS depression. The effects may be mediated by GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - uses - |
|
Definition
treat of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder
Manage anxiety associated with depression |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antidepressants (SSRI) = |
|
Definition
paroxetine* (Paxil)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Antidepressants (tricyclic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antihistamine |
|
Definition
| hydroxyzine (atarax, Vistaril) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Benzodiazepines - |
|
Definition
Alprazolam* (Xanax)
buspirone (Buspar, Vanspar)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
diazepam* (valium)
Lorazepam* (Ativan
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Herbals - |
|
Definition
kava-kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - tranquilizer - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These medications are generally classified by their effects on cardiac conduction tissue (Class 1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, IV). They:
Slow down the heart (the calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and beta-blockers)
Slow the heart's electrical impulses by blocking the heart's potassium channels (amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppress potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1A |
|
Definition
disopyramide (norplace)
procainamide (pronestyl)
quinidine (quinidine sulfate) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1B |
|
Definition
!Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mexiletine (Mexitil)
phenytoin (Dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1C |
|
Definition
flecainide (tambocor)
propafenone (rythmol) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class II |
|
Definition
Beta-blockers
acebutolol (sectral)
!propranolol (inderal)
sotalol (betapace) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class III |
|
Definition
!amiodarone (cordarone)
Dofetilide (tikosyn)
ibutilide (corvert) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class IV |
|
Definition
ca channel blockers
diliazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tizazac, and others)
verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - other |
|
Definition
!digoxin* (lanoxin)
dronedarone (multaq) |
|
|
Term
These medications:
relax the smooth muscles that line the airway (bronchodilators)
Block the inflammation that narrows the airways (corticosteroids)
Counteract substances that cause the air passages to constrict and secrete mucus (leukotriene modifiers)
prevent allergic reactions or asthma symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manage acute and chronic episodes of reversible bronchoconstriction associated with asthma
treat acute attacks (short-term control) and decrease incidence and intensity of future attacks (long-term control) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - adrenergics - examples |
|
Definition
albuterol* (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others)
!epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - bronchodilators - examples |
|
Definition
| theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - corticosteroids - examples = |
|
Definition
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
ciclesonide (Omnaris) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - herbals - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - leukotriene atagonists |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - mast cell stabilizers - examples |
|
Definition
| cromolyn nebulized solution (nasalcrom |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - monoclonal antibodies - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| albuterol and ipratropium* (combivent) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit clotting factor synthesis, inhibit thrombin, or interfere with blood platelet formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent or treat blood clots associated with stroke, heart attack, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, HF, arrhythmia, atrial fib, DVT, and pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!heparin
!warfarin (coumadin) |
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulant - examples indirect factor Xa inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anticoagulant -LMWH - examples |
|
Definition
!dalteparin (fragmin)
!enoxaparin (lovenox)
!tinzaparin (innohep) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants - examples - thrombin inhibitors |
|
Definition
!argatroban (generic)
!bivalirudin (angiomax)
!dabigatran (pradaxa)
!desirudin (iprivask)
!lepirudin (rDNA) |
|
|
Term
| These medications depress CNS function. They target specific neurochemical processes, suppress excess neuron function, and regulate electrochemical signals in the brain (for instance, GABA inhibitors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
help control epileptic seizures
treat neuropathic pain (associated with diabetes, shingles, and fibromyalgia), migraine headaches, and bipolar disorders. |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - barbiturates |
|
Definition
mephobarbital (mebaral)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - GABA analogues |
|
Definition
gabapentin* (neurontin)
pregabalin* (lyrica)
tiagabine (gabitril) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - Hydantoins |
|
Definition
ethotoin (peganone)
fosphenytoin (cerebyx)
phenytoin (dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - other |
|
Definition
carbamazepine (tegretol)
lamotrigine (lamictal)
oxcarbazepine (trileptal)
topiramate (topamax)
valproic acid (depakote) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - oxazolidinediones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications prevent the enzyme monamine oxidase from breaking down the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (also known as monoamines) in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs examples |
|
Definition
isocarboxazid (marplan)
phenelzine (nardil)
selegiline (ensam, eldepryl, zelapar)
tranylcypromine (parnate) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs uses |
|
Definition
primarily treat moderate-to-severe depression and chronic fatigue syndrome
treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, obsessive-compulsive disoder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs examples |
|
Definition
citalopram* (celexa)
escitalopram* (lexapro)
fluoxetine* (Prozac)
paroxetine* (paxil)
sertraline* (zoloft) |
|
|
Term
| These medications block or delay the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic nerves. the increased levels of these neurotransmitters elevates mood. |
|
Definition
| antidepressants - serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - uses |
|
Definition
| treat depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder and other mood disorders |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - examples |
|
Definition
desvenlafaxin (pristiq)
duloxetine* (cymbalta)
milnacipran (savella)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit the nerve cell's ability to reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, they also block the action of acetylcholine and histamine (causing many of the side effects of these meds) |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic uses |
|
Definition
relieve depression and help treat obsessive compulsive disorder and bedwetting.
off-label uses include panic disorder, bulimia, and chronic pain (migraine, diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic examples |
|
Definition
amitriptyline* (elavil)
amoxapine (asendin)
desipramine (norpramin)
doxepin (sinequan)
imipramine (tofranil)
maprotiline (ludiomil)
nortriptyline (pamelor)
protriptyline (vivactil)
trimipramine (surmontil) |
|
|
Term
| this medication is used in the treatment of type 1 DM and may be used to treat type 2 DM |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| antidiabetics - insulin uses |
|
Definition
rapid acting insulin covers meals eaten at the same time as the injection
short acting insulin covers meals eaten within 30 to 60 min
intermediate-acting insulin covers about half of the day or overnight (and is often combined with rapid-or short-acting insulin)
long acting insulin covers about one full day |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - intermediate acting = |
|
Definition
| !NPH insulin (N) (Humulin-N, Novolin-N) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - long acting |
|
Definition
!insulin detemir (levemir)
!insulin glargine* (lantus) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - rapid-acting |
|
Definition
!insulin aspart (novolog)
!insulin glulisine (apidra)
!insulin lispro (humalog) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - short acting |
|
Definition
!human insulin (velosulin)
!regular insulin (R) (Humulin-R, Novolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral uses |
|
Definition
| treat type 2 diabetes melitium |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors examples |
|
Definition
!acarbose (precose)
!miglitol (glyset) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - biguanides - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral meglitinides |
|
Definition
!nateglinide (starlix)
!repaglinide (prandin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral sulfonylureas |
|
Definition
!glimepiride (amaryl)
!glipizide (glucotrol)
!glyburide# (diabeta, micronase) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral thiazolidinediones - |
|
Definition
!pioglitazone (actos)
!rosiglitazone (avandia) |
|
|
Term
these medications
slow the passage of stools through the intestines (loperamide)
decrease the secretion of fluid into the intestine and inhibit the activity of bacteria (bismut subsalicylate) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control and relieve symptoms of acute and chronic nonspecific diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bismuth subsalicylate (kaopectate, peto-bismol)
diphenoxylate and atropine (lomotil)
kaolin and pectin (kapectolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - antispasmodics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - bulk forming laxatives |
|
Definition
| polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - opiate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - somatostatin analog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla by blockingdopamine receptors (for example metoclopramide)
decrease the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus (for example meclizine)
block the effects of serotonin in the brain and small intestine (5-HT3 receptro antagonists). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage the varioius causes of nausea and vomiting, including surgery, anesthesia, antineoplastic and radiation therapies, and motion sickness. |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - 5HT3 antagonists |
|
Definition
end in tron except nabilone (cesamet)
dolasetron (anzemet)
granisetron (sancuso)
nabilone (cesamet)
ondansetron (zofran)
palonosetron (aloxi) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - anticholinergics - |
|
Definition
| scopolamine (transderm-scop) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - cannabinoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - neurokinin antagonists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - other |
|
Definition
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
meclizine (antivert, bonine)
metoclopramide (reglan) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - phenothiazines |
|
Definition
chlorpromazine (thorazine)
perphenazine (trilafon)
prochlorperazine (compro)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
thiethylperazine (norzine, torecan) |
|
|
Term
| these mecations are also called antimycotic agents. they kill or inactivate fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat systemic, localized, or topical fungal infections (including yeast infections.) |
|
|
Term
| antifungals - Azole antifungals (the triazoles and imidazoles) examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - echinocandins examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - miscellaneous antifungals |
|
Definition
butenafine (mentax)
ciclopirox (loprox, penlac nail lacquer)
flucytosine (ancobon)
terbinafine (lamisil)
tolnaftate (absorbine Jr) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!amphotericin B deoxycholate (amphocin, fungizone)
nystatin (mycostatin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications compete with histamine for histamine receptor sites. When they occupy the histamine receptor sites, they prevent histamine from causing allergic symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relief of symptoms associated with allergies (including rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema)
adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic rxns
treat insomnia (diphenhydramine), motion sickness (dimenhydrinate and meclizine), parkinson-like reactions (diphenhydramine), and other nonallergic conditions |
|
|
Term
| antishitamines examples - |
|
Definition
seem to end in tine, zine, mine, dine
azelastine (astelin)
bepotastine (bepreve)
cetirizine (zyrtec)
chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton)
clemastine (tavist allergy)
cyproheptadine (periactin)
desloratadine (clarinex)
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
diphenhydramine (benadryl, sominex, nytol, midol PM, unisom nighttime sleep aid)
doxepin (sinequan)
fexofenadine* (allegra)
hydroxyzine (atarax, vistaril)
levocetirizine (xyzal)
ioratadine (alavert, claritin, tavist ND, dimetapp ND)
meclizine* (antivert, bonine, dramamine less drowsy formula)
olopatadine nasal spray (patanase)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
triprolidine (zymine) |
|
|
Term
| also called antigout agents, these medications work to either correct overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics examples |
|
Definition
allopurinol (zyloprim)
pegloticase (krystexxa)
rasburicase (elitek) |
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit or prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells by various different mechanisms of action
damage the DNA of cancer cells
interfere with the cancer cell's metabolism or affect cell division
create an unfavorable environment for cancer cell growth (hormones) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat various solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias
prescribed for some autoimmune disorders (such as RA) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - alkylating agents |
|
Definition
!chlorambucil (leukeran)
!cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antiestrogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antimetabolites |
|
Definition
!5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antitumor antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - human recombinant interleukin-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - monoclonal antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - plant alkaloids |
|
Definition
start with vin end in tine
vinblastine (velban)
vincristine (oncovin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications replenish dopamine. they also mimic the role of dopamine or block the effects of other chemicals that cause problems in the brain when dopamine levels drop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiparkinson agents uses |
|
Definition
| relieve the symptoms of parkinsonism including tremor or trembling in the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; stiffness or rigidity of the arms, legs, and trunk; bradykinesia; poor balance and coordination |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
benztropine (cogentin)
trihexyphenidyl (artane, trihexane) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - carbidopa/levodopa therapy |
|
Definition
| carbidopa and levodopa (sinemet) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - COMT inhibitors |
|
Definition
entacapone (comtan)
tolcapone (tasmar) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - Dopamine agonists |
|
Definition
apomorphine (apokyn)
bromocriptine (parlodel)
pramipexole (mirapex)
ropinlrole (requip)
rotigotine (neupro) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - MAO-B inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
rivastigmine (exelon) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the formation of blood clots by preventing the clumping of platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent thromboembolic events, such as stroke, myocardial infaction or peripheral vascular disease.
prescribed after devices are placed inside the ehart or blood vessels, such as stents and artifial heart valves |
|
|
Term
| antiplatelet agents - examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors |
|
Definition
clopidogrel* (Plavix)
prasugrel (effient)
ticlopidine (Ticlid) |
|
|
Term
examples of antiplatelet agents -
adenosine reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
| dipyridamole (persantine) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - glycoproeint IIb IIIa inhibitors |
|
Definition
!abciximab (reopro)
!eptifibatide (integrilin)
!tirofiban (aggrastat) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block a specific subtype of the dopamine receptor (the D2 receptor). the 2nd generation not oonly block D2 receptors, but also a specifc subtype of serotonin receptor (5HR2A receptor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute and chronic psychosis, especially when accompanied by increased psychomotor activity
off label uses include tourette's syndrome, substance abuse, stuttering, OCD, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - atypical (or second generation) antipsychotics |
|
Definition
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (clozaril)
olanzapine* (zyprexa)
paliperidone (invega)
quetiapine* (seroquel)
risperidone (risperdal)
ziprasidone (geodon) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - others |
|
Definition
iloperidone (fanapt)
prochlorperazine (compro)
thioridazine (Mellaril) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - typical antipsychotics |
|
Definition
chlorpromaizne (thorazine)
fluphenazine (permitil, prolixin)
haloperidol (haldol)
loxapine (loxitane)
molindone (moban)
perphenazine (trilafon)
pimozide (orap)
thiothixene (navane)
trifluoperazine (stelazine) |
|
|
Term
| these medications treat RA. they relieve pain (analgesics), reduce inflammation (NSAIDs and steroids), and control the underlying disease (disease modifying RA drugs or DMARDs and biologic drugs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long term solution to control symptoms of RA by slowing down joint destruction and preserving joint functions (DMARDs)
Target specific component of the immune system (biologic agents - IM or IV only). these may be used alone, but are often given with other DMARDs to increase the benefits and limit potential side effects |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics - biologic response modifiers (anti-TNF) examples |
|
Definition
adalimumab (humira)
certolizumab pegol (cimzia)
etanercept (enbrel)
golimumab (simponi)
infliximab (remicade) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
azathioprinie (imuran, azasan)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
gold sodium thiomalate (myochrysine)
hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)
leflunomide (arava)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics - other biologics |
|
Definition
abatacept (orencia)
anakinra (kineret)
rituximab (rituxan)
tocilizumab |
|
|
Term
| thse medications have various actions that affect mycobacteria, with most having bacteriocidal (for example, rifampin) and/or bacteriostatic for example, isoniazid) actions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antituberculars combination drugs |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid and pyrazinamide (rifater) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - primary agents |
|
Definition
ethionamide (trecator SC)
isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
rifampin (rifadin)
rifapentine (priftin) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - second line agents |
|
Definition
capreomycin (capastat)
cycloserine (seromycin)
ethambutol (myambutol)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
streptomycin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - third line agents (aminoglycosides) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block the secretion of gastric acid by the gastric parietal cells (PPIs). they also stop the action of histamine on the gastric parietal cells, whcih inhibits the secretion of gastric acid (H-2 receptor blockers) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretory conditions e.g., zollinger-ellison syndrome
manage the symptoms of GERD
treat recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Hpylori infections (a combined antibiotic and gastric acid suppression therapy) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti-infective (penicillins) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - herbal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - histamine H2 receptor antagonists |
|
Definition
all end in tidine
cimetidine (tagamet)
famotidine* (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)
ranitidine (Zantac) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - mucosal protective - |
|
Definition
aluminum hydroxide (amphojel)
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-bismol)
sucralfate (carafate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carithromycin (biaxin)
metronidazole (flagyl)
misoprostol (cytotec)
propantheline (pro-banthine)
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, neut) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all end in zole
dexlansoprazole (dexilant)
esomeprazole* (nexium)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
omeprazole* (prilosec)
pantoprazole* (protonix)
rabeprazole (aciphex) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are designed to work in one of two ways - they either inhibit the ability to multiply or they mimic the virus attachment protein, disrupting the replication process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent, manage and/or treat viral infections, such as HIV, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus, pneumonia, measles and mumps, and influenza strains (including swine flu) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents examples |
|
Definition
all have vir in them
cidofovir (vistide)
foscarnet (foscavir)
ganciclovir (cytovene)
valganciclovir (valcyte) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti herpetic agents |
|
Definition
all have vir
acyclovir (zovirax)
famciclovir (famvir)
valacyclovir (valcyte) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti influenza agents |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
oseltamivir (tamiflu)
rimantadine (flumadine)
zanamivir (relenza) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - nucleoside analogues |
|
Definition
adefovir (hepsera)
entecavir (baraclude)
lamivudine (epivir)
penciclovir (denavir)
ribavirin (copegus, rebetol, virazole)
telbivudine (tyzeka) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - purine nucleosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications depress the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. These are all schedule IV drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce sedation or induce sleep
relieve anxiety and muscle spasms
prevent seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alprazolam* (xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
estazolam (prosom)
flumazenil (romazicon)
flurazepam (dalmane)
lorazepam* (ativan)
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
quazepam (doral)
temazepam (restoril)
triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves. By blocking the effects of thses neurotransmitters, they reduce heart rate and reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat hypertension, HF, arrhythmias, and angina (but not for immediate relief)
treat glaumcoma (ophthalmic)
prevent future heart attacks in heart attack patients
prevent migraine headaches |
|
|
Term
| examples of beta blockers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications bind to hydroxyapatite in bone and inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts |
|
Definition
| bone resorption inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors uses |
|
Definition
| prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and due to other causes, such as paget's disease of the bone and corticosteroid therapy |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors - examples |
|
Definition
alendronate* (fosamax)
calcitonin - salmon (miacalcin)
etidronate disodium (dironel)
ibandronate (boniva)
raloxifene (evista)
risedronate* (actonel)
tiludronate (skelid) |
|
|
Term
| these medications relax bronchial smooth muscle, making the airways larger and allowing air to pass through the lungs. they may also increase mucociliary clearance (beta agonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - |
|
Definition
| epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
ipratropium (atrovent)
tiotropium* (spiriva) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (long-acting) |
|
Definition
arformoterol (brovana)
formoterol (foradil)
salmeterol (serevent) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (short-acting) |
|
Definition
albuterol* (proventil, ventolin, proair, accuneb)
levalbuterol (xopenex)
metaproterenol (alupent)
pirbuterol (maxair)
terbutaline (brethine) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - combination (inhaled steroid + long acting beta agonist) |
|
Definition
!budesonide and formoterol (symbicort)
fluticasone and salmeterol* (advair) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - leukotriene synthesis inhibitors |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate)
zileuton (zyflo) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - methylxanthines |
|
Definition
aminophylline (phyllocontin, truphylline)
theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| these medications slow the rate at which Ca passes into the heart muscle and into the vessels and allows blood to flow more easily through them, lowering blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat hypertension, angina, and abnormal heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia).
treat post-MI clients who cannot tolerate beta blockers |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blocker examples |
|
Definition
amlodipine* (norvasc, Lotrel)
bepridil (vascor)
diltiazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tiazac, and others)
felodipine (plendil)
isradipine (dynacirc)
nicardipine (cardene)
nifedipine (adalat, procardia XL)
nimodipine (nimotop)
nisoldipine (sular)
verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| These medications increase physical activity, mental alertness and attention span. The exact mechanism of action is not known |
|
Definition
| Central nervous system stimulants |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system stimulants uses |
|
Definition
improve concentration and focus for those with ADHD
decrease appetite and promote weight loss
alleviate sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and jet lag. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine & dextroamphetamine (adderall)
benzphetamine (didrex)
caffeine (NoDoz, Vivarin)
dexmethylphenidate (focalin)
dextroamphetamine (dexedrine)
diethylpropion (tenuate)
lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse)
methylphenidate* (concerta, ritalin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications mimic the effect of hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands. When the dose exceeds the body's usual hormone levels, they will suppress inflammation, as well as the immune system. Also used for their antineoplastic activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oral forms treat inflammation and pain associated with arthritis and autoimmune diseases (such as lupus, crohn's)
Inhaled med treat asthma and allergies
topical application helps heal skin conditions
injected forms treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis, gout and other inflammatory diseases. |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids - examples |
|
Definition
beclomethasone (Qvar)
betamethasone (celestone)
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
cortisone (Cortone acetate)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
flunisolide (aerobid)
fluticasone* (flonase, flovent)
methylprednisolone (medrol, depo-medrol)
mometasone furoate* (nasonex)
prednisolone (orapred, Prelone)
prednisone* (sterapred) |
|
|
Term
| these medications work in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (where magnesium and ca are reabsorbed). Disrupted reabsorption causes increased urine production, which lowers blood bolume and results in lowered blood pressure. Also causes the veins to dilate which lowers blood pressure mechanically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute pulmonary edema and manage edema
reduce intracranial pressure and treat hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bumetanide (Bumex)
ethacrynic acid (edecrin)
furosemide* (Lasix)
torsemide (demadex) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are derived form a chemical called benzothiadiazine. they work in the distal convoluted tubule by decreasing the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and chloride (which results in increased urine production) and help dialate blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics - thiazide uses |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination with loop diuretics, treat hypertension or edema due to HF or other causes |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - thiazide examples |
|
Definition
chlorothiazide (hygroton, Diuril)
hydrochlorothiazide* (hydrodiuril)
indapamide (lozol)
metolazone (zaroxolyn) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are low-molecular-weight substances that produce a raid loss of sodium and water by inhibiting their reabsorption in the kidney tubules and the loop of henle. They increase plasma osmolality, which increases diffusion of water from the intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage cerebral edema to decrease intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - osmotic examples |
|
Definition
mannitol (osmitrol)
urea (generic) |
|
|
Term
| these medications conserve potassium in clients receiving thiazide or loop diuretics. the decrease sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidneys |
|
Definition
| diuretics - potassium-sparing |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing uses |
|
Definition
| treat clients with HF, since they do not significantly lower blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing examples |
|
Definition
amiloride (midamor)
eplerenone (inspra)
spironolactone (aldactone)
triamterene (dyrenium) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit cell-mediated immune responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevent transplantation rejection reactions
manage selected autoimmune diseases (for example, nephritic syndrome of childhood and severe RA) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants examples |
|
Definition
azathioprine (imuran, azasan)
basiliximab (simulect)
chlorambucil (leukeran)
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
daclizumab (zenapax)
!Methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
muromonab-CD3 (orthoclone OKT3)
mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept)
mycophenolic acid (myfortic)
pimecrolimus (elidel)
sirolimus (rapamune)
tacrolimus (prograf)
thalidomide (thalomid) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are typically classified as either bulk-forming agents, osmotics, salines, stimulant, laxatives or stool softeners |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat or prevent constipation
prepare the bowel for radiologic or endoscopic procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methylnaltrexone bromide (relistor) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - bulk forming agents |
|
Definition
polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon)
psyllium (metamucil) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples -osmotics |
|
Definition
glycerin suppositories (generic)
lactulose (chronulac, cephulac, cholac)
polyethylene glycol (miralax) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - salines |
|
Definition
magnesium chloride (mag 64, Mag SR)
magnesium gluconate ( Mag-G, Magonate)
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
phosphate/biphosphate (fleet enema, osmoprep) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stimulatn laxatives |
|
Definition
bisacodyl (dulcolax)
sennosides (senokot) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stimulant laxatives (herbal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stool softeners |
|
Definition
| docusate sodium (colace, surfak) |
|
|
Term
reduce LDL (the "bad" or "lousy") cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme in the liver (HMG-CoA reductase) responsible for making cholesterol; shrink, stabilize and prevent rupture of fatyy plaques and formation of clots; and prevent inflammation (statins)
reduce LDL by binding to bile acid and preventing absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine (bile acid sequestrants)
prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with elevated triglycerides and low HDL when diet and lifestyle changes are unsuccessful (fibric acid agents) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents uses |
|
Definition
| reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (along with diet and exercise) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - bile acid sequestrants |
|
Definition
cholestyramine (questran)
colesevelam (welchol)
colestipol (colestid) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - fibric acids |
|
Definition
fenofibrate (tricor)
fenofibric acid (trilipix)
gemfibrozil (lobid) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
ezetimibe* (zetia)
ezetimibe and simvastatin* (vytorin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications correct imbalances minerals and electrolytes or make the urine more alkaline (pH modifiers) |
|
Definition
| mineral/electrolytes/pH modifiers |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers uses |
|
Definition
prevent and treat deficiencies or excesses of electrolytes
prevent crystals from forning in the urine and inhibit the formation of kidney stones (acidifiers and alkalinizers)
treat pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (magnesium sulfate)
some of these meds neutralize gastric acids |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - alkalinizing agents |
|
Definition
| sodium bicarbonate (backing soda, neut) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - calcium salts |
|
Definition
all have calcium in them
calcium acetate (eliphos)
calcium carbonate (caltrate)
!calcium chloride
calcium citrate (citracal)
!calcium gluconate
calcium lactate (ridactate) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - magnesium salts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - ph modifiers |
|
Definition
potassium citrate (urocit K)
!potassium phosphate (neutra-phos K) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - phosphate supplements |
|
Definition
| sodium phosphate (osmoprep) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - potassium salts |
|
Definition
potassium bicarbonate (effervescent potassium)
potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (K-lyte)
potassium chloride* (k-dur, klor-con) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes and reduce prostaglandins throughout the body, reducing inflammation, pain, and fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain, reduce fever, and to treat various inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - COX-2 selective inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - traditional NSAIDs |
|
Definition
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
ibuprofen* (motrin, advil)
indomethacin (indocin)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
nabumetone (relafen)
naproxen* (aleve, naprosyn)
piroxicam (feldene) |
|
|
Term
| these medications target and block the chemical substances released by the brain (particularly prostaglandin) in response to injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nonopioid analgesics uses |
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain and/or fever |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples |
|
Definition
acetaminophen (tylenol)
chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin)
phenazopyridine (pyridium, urogesic)
salsalate (amigesic, disalcid) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - barbiturate + NSAID |
|
Definition
| butalbital and acetaminophen (phrenilin) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - botanical medical food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples herbals |
|
Definition
| capsaicin (icy hot arthritis therapy, arthricare for women) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples NSAIDs |
|
Definition
choline and magnesium salicylates (trilisate)
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
fenoprofen (naprofen)
ibuprofen (motrin, advil)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
magnesium salicylate (doans pills, bayer select backache pain formula)
meclofenamate (meclomen)
meloxicam*(mobic)
naproxen*(aleve, midol extended relief) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples radiopharmaceutical |
|
Definition
samarium sm 153 lexidronam (quadramet)
strontium 89 chloride (metastron) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications interact with opiod receptors in the CNS, acting as agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (enkephalins and endorphins). this action alters perception and response to pian. they can be categorzied as long-acting, short-acting, or rapid-onset agents
they are all schedule II drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage of moderate to severe pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics examples |
|
Definition
alfentanil (alfenta)
buprenorphine (buprenex)
butorphanol (stadol)
codeine* (generic)
fentanyl (duragesic)
hydrocodone* (norco, vicodin)
hydromorphone (dilaudid, exalgo)
levorphanol (levodromoran)
meperidine (demerol)
methadone (dolophine)
morphine
nalbuphine (nubain)
oxycodone* (oxycontin, percocet)
oxymorphone (opana ER)
pentazocine (talwin)
remifentanil (ultiva)
sufentanil (sufenta)
tapentadol (nucynta)
tramadol* (rybix, ryzolt, ultram) |
|
|
Term
these medications moderate activity and excitement while inducing a calming effect (and may be anxiolytic). they induce drowsiness and sleep
most are schedule IV drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provide sedation, usually prior to procedures
selected agents are useful as anticonvulsants, skeletal muscle relaxants, adjuncts in general surgery and adjuntcts for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples -barbiturates |
|
Definition
amobarbital (amytal)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton)
secobarbital (seconal) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (intermediate-acting) |
|
Definition
estazolam (prosom)
lorazepam* (ativan)
temazepam (restoril) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (long acting) |
|
Definition
clorazepate 9tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
flurazepam (dalmane) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (short acting) |
|
Definition
midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - Herbals |
|
Definition
chamomile
dill
kava kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - other |
|
Definition
chloral hydrate (somnote
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
dexmedetomidine (precedex)
droperidol (inapsine)
eszopiclone (luesta)
hydroxyzine* (atarax, vistaril)
promethazine* (phenergan)
ramelteon (sonata)
zolpidem* (ambien) |
|
|
Term
| these medications act centrally on the spinal cord or brain stem and inhibit neuronal transmission; dantrolene is the only one that acts directly on skeletal muscle. they are typically classified by their pharmacologic properties as either antispasticity or antisasmodic agents |
|
Definition
| skeletal muscel relaxants |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants uses |
|
Definition
treat spasticity associated with spinal cord disease (such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis) or lesions
relieve symptoms of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (as adjuctive therapy) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - antispasticity agents |
|
Definition
baclofen (lioresal)
dantrolene (dantrium)
tizanidine (zanaflex) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - musculoskeletal agents |
|
Definition
carisoprodol* (soma, soprodal, vanadom)
chlorzoxazone (parafon forte DSC)
cyclobenzaprine* (flexeril)
metaxalone (skelaxin)
methocarbamol (robaxin)
orphenadrine (norlex) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications convert plasminogen to plasmin, which then degrades fibrin in clots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute management of coronary thrombosis (MI), massive pulmonary emboli, DVT, and arterial thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alteplase (activase)
reteplase (retavase)
streptokinase (streptase)
tenecteplase (TNKase)
urokinase (abbokinase) |
|
|
Term
these medications directly stimulate alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors, producing vascular smooth muscle vasconstriction (ergot derivatives)
narrow dilated blood vessels and block nerves from transmitting signals of pain to the brain (5-HT 1 agonists) |
|
Definition
| vascular headache suppressants |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants uses |
|
Definition
| treat vascular headaches (migraines and cluster headaches |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - 5-HT1 agonists |
|
Definition
almotriptan (axert)
eletriptan (relpax)
frovatriptan (frova)
naratriptan (amerge)
rizatriptan (maxalt)
sumatriptan (imitrex)
zolmitriptan (zomig) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - beta blockers |
|
Definition
propranolol (inderal)
timolol (timoptic) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - Ca channel blocker |
|
Definition
| verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - ergots |
|
Definition
dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45)
erotamine (ergomar) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are potent vasoconstrictors that produce a rise in BP (specifically an increase in mean arterial pressure) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control blood pressure in hypotensive states, such as (cardiogenic, septic) shock, drug reactions, spinal anesthesia
prolong anesthesia
treat certain heart rhythm problems, including cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dopamine
epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin)
midodrine (proamatine)
norepinephrine (levophed)
phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) |
|
|
Term
| important to know about anticonvulsants |
|
Definition
these medications should not be discontinued suddenly because they may cause insomnia or seizures
may increase sensitivity to sunlight; even brief exposure to sun can cause a severe sunburn or rash. clients should also avoid using tanning beds |
|
|
Term
| Anticonvulsants Black box warnings! Some anticonvulsants (_____ for example) may cause |
|
Definition
| carbamazepine...may cause fatal dermatologic reactions, including steven-johnson syndrome or toxic epidural necrolysis. D/C carbamazepine at the first sign of rash. Clients of chinese ancestry are at the highest risk to develop these reactions |
|
|
Term
| most common adverse effect of loop diruetics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clients taking loop diuretics may require what |
|
Definition
| supplemental potassium, folic acid, and vitamin B |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a mild loop diuretic that is chemaically related to theophylline (one of the products of the breakdown of caffeine). it is added to acetaminophen in New tylenol for women, backaid, and diurex (used to treat premenstrual bloating and backache associated with fluid retention.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: calcium carbonate - |
|
Definition
| cost-effective calcium supplement that is absorbed best when taken with food - at breakfast and dinner |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: K lyte - |
|
Definition
| is available as an effervescent tablet. advise clients to drop the tablet into a glass and add at least 4 ounces of cold water or juice. Drink the solution slowly. (over 5 to 10 minutes), just after a meal. Stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the drug |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: although primarily used to treat conditions resulting from calcium deficiency (such as tetany), calcium gluconate is also used to |
|
Definition
| relieve muscle cramping from black widow spider bites. it is the antidote for magnesium sulfate overdosage |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: how are they given |
|
Definition
| administered through intramuscular or intravenous injection, irrigation, topical skin application, or inhalation. Since aminoglycosides break down in the stomach they are not given orally |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: important to know |
|
Definition
| can be fairly toxic, so they are given for a short period of time. after initial treatment, the client is switched to a less toxic antiinfective (once the causative agent of infection is identified) |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: side effects |
|
Definition
| a common side effect is hearing loss. gentamicin toxicity is the most common cause of bilateral vestibulopathy (damage to both inner ears). symptoms of toxicity include imbalance and oscillopsia (transient visual blurring when moving the head) |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: isoniazid can lead to |
|
Definition
| symptoms of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency, including peripheral neuropathy. Daily doses of 10-50mg/day of vit B6 can prevent and reverse peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: rifampin can cause |
|
Definition
| reddish orange discoloration of saliva, sweat, tears, feces, urine and skin. clients should not wear soft contact lenses while taking this med |
|
|
Term
| most effective drugs in treating TB are |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid. these 2 drugs are used with pyrazinamide and either streptomycin or ethambutol for at least 2 months after intial diagnosis. thereafter, treatment continues with rifampin and isoniazid(usually for at least 4 more months) |
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: these drugs can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: warning for these drugs |
|
Definition
| can cause angioedema (swelling at back of throat), a rare complication that may rapidly lead to cardiac arrest. This reaction can occur up to 1 year later |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: can act as what |
|
Definition
| can act as a male contraceptive (stops entry of sperm into egg) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: who shouldn't take these meds |
|
Definition
| clients over age 60 because of the risk of severe constipation |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: warning - |
|
Definition
| educate your clients about not eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice when taking these meds. the combination ccauses a higher bioavailability of the drug and can be toxic |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: Capsaicin education |
|
Definition
| the active component of chili peppers, is a skin irritant and produces a burning sensation in any tissue it touches. it works by depleting or interfering with substance P, a chemical involved in transmitting pain impulses to the brain. remind clients to wash their hands after topical admin. |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: strontium-89 chloride is a |
|
Definition
| radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously to help relieve the bone pain associated with some cancers |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: acetaminophen education |
|
Definition
| acetaminophen is found in more than 600 OTC drugs. educate your pt to read labels and reinforce the recommended maximum daily dose is now 3000 mg (down from 4000mg) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: important to know about atypical antipsychotic meds |
|
Definition
| can cause major weight gain and metabolism changes. they may also increase the risk of developing diabetes and high cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: although much more common with long term use of the typical antipsychotics, both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause |
|
Definition
| extrpyramidal side effects, such as muscle stiffness, tremors, abnormal movements |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: black box warning |
|
Definition
| conventional antipsychotic drugs can increase the risk of death for elderly people who have lost touch with reality (psychosis) due to dementia. They are not approved for treating dementia-related psychosis |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: what are shown to help lower cholesterol |
|
Definition
| garlic, alfalfa, omega3 acid ethyl esters, nuts and niacin |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: a statin can be taken when |
|
Definition
| in one daily dose, usually in the evening when it is more effective |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: statins can occasionally cause what |
|
Definition
| muscle pain or weakness due to the muscle enzyme creatine kinase (CK) leaking into the blood stream. statin related muscle pain resolves when the med is stopped. |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: education for amiodarone |
|
Definition
| sometimes causes the skin to take on a blue-gray color, especially in areas exposed to the sun. the coloring will go away once the med is stopped (but may take up to several mo) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: Dronedaron (multaq) important info |
|
Definition
| the FDA issued a safety announcement in 2011 about dronedarone (multaq). clients taking this have an increased risk of adverse events including serious cardiovascular and death. |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: loperamide (imodium) other uses |
|
Definition
| used to reduce the amount of stool in people who have an ileostomy |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: a common temporary side effect of bismuth subsalicylate is |
|
Definition
| a dark tint of the tongue or stool. do not confuse this with black and tarry stools, which are a sign of bleeding in the intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: subsalicylate can cause a serious and sometimes fatal condition |
|
Definition
| called reye's syndrome in children. do not give bismuth subsalicylate to children or teens |
|
|
Term
| diuretics: potassium sparing: have a weak |
|
Definition
| diuretic and antihypertensive properties |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: what can interfere with it |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen) can decrease blood flow to the kidneys and may also interfere with sodium and water excretion, decreasing the effectiveness of diuretic drugs |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: apironolactone (aldactone) acts like what |
|
Definition
| progesterone in the body, causing side effects like impotence, gynecomastia, irregular meses, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: goldeneal root info |
|
Definition
| thought to have antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: how long do clients take it |
|
Definition
| since fungal spores can survive for long periods of time, clients may need to take the med for several mo or longer |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: azole antifungal education |
|
Definition
| azole antifungals can cause liver damage. hepatotoxicity may occur if combined with other hepatotoxic agents, including alcohol. instruct clients to notify their HCP if they notice abd pain, fever, diarrhea, but especially if they have unusual fatigue, anorexia, jaundice, dark urine or pale stools |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals or snacks), with a full glass of water (no dairy products) |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: who should avoid these meds |
|
Definition
| children under 8 and pregnant women. they can cause permanent staining of developing teeth (including those of a fetus) and/or affect the strength and shape of bones |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: like other infectives, tetracyclines may |
|
Definition
| decrease the effectiveness of some oral contraceptives. Use another method of birth control while taking these drugs |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: drugs for treating asthma (like theophylline and aminophylline) are structurally similar to |
|
Definition
| caffeine avoid food/drinks high in caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: advise clients to use aluterol how |
|
Definition
first if using other inhalation medications (and wait about 5 minutes before administering another inhalant med)
clients should prime the unit before using, discard the canister after 200 sprays, rinse their mouth with water after each inhalation dose, and regularly clean the mouthpiece |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: inject an epipen how |
|
Definition
| directly through clothing, into the outer thigh and hold in place for 10 sec to deliver all the med |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: midazolam edu |
|
Definition
| causes amnesia without loss of consciousness and is often used during endoscopy and colonoscopy procedures |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: ramelteon edu |
|
Definition
| designed to be a chemical mimic of the endogenous hormone melatonin and is used to treat people who have difficulty falling asleep. it is the only hypnotic prescription med in the US that is not a controlled substance |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: warning - |
|
Definition
| even a slight overdose of one of the older barbiturates can induce coma and death (due to profound CNS depression) however, and overdose of a benzodiazepine or the newere non benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics will typically produce anesthesia without the risk (...unless combined with ETOH) |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines: short acting benzodiazepines, such as estazolam (prosom) and temazepam (restoril) are generally used for |
|
Definition
| patients with sleep-onset insomnia without daytime anxiety |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: flunitrazepam (rohypnol) is a benzodiazepine that is not |
|
Definition
| manufactured or legally marketed in the US. commonly known as "rophies," "roofies," and "roach" and is used as the "date rape" drug |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: long acting benzodiazepines, such as bhlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flurazepam, should not be used |
|
Definition
| in the elderly since they are more sensitive to their effects and metabolize the drugs less efficiently. Older clients taking these drugs have an increased risk of falls and may experience cognitive impairment. |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: important to know about administration |
|
Definition
| start 2 IV lines prior to therapy (one for this therapy and the second on for any other infusions). Invasive procedures, including venipuncture (especially at noncompressible sites, e.g., jugular vein, subclavian site), should be avoided after thrombolytic therapy is started |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: what is the antidote |
|
Definition
| aminocaproic acid may be used as an antidote. In life-threatening situation, the client may also need whole blood transfusions, fibrinogen infusions, and other emergency measures |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: alteplase - |
|
Definition
| used in the management of acute ischemic stroke in adults. treatment should be initiated within 3 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms (and after confirmation of no intracranial bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: important to know |
|
Definition
| that although effective, often replaced by antidepressants that are safer and cause fewer side effects |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: what should people avoid |
|
Definition
| mixing MAOIs and tyramine can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. People taking MAOIs should avoid food and medicines with high levels of tyramine (such as cheeses, wines, pickles; decongestants and other over-the-counter cold medications) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: mixing st john's wart and MAOIs |
|
Definition
| can cause dangerously high levels of serotonin (serotonin syndrome) resulting in confusion, rapid or irregular heartbeat, dilated pupils, fever, and unconsciousness. ask you clients if they are using herbal remedies to treat their depression |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should decrease |
|
Definition
| sodium and increase both potassium and calcium in their diets. they should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice since they may increase serum levels of these meds |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: how should the client take this med |
|
Definition
| whether a dose is ordered daily or every other day, the client should take the med in the morning (with food) to coincide with the body's normal secretion of cortisol |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should not receive what |
|
Definition
| a "live" vaccine. they should call their primary care practitioner if they are expsed to chicken pox or measles (since these conditions can be fatal in people who are using steroids.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease the ability of blood to clot and therefore increase bleeding; all NSAID medicines should be stopped prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| take with a full (6-8 oz) of water. if stomach upset occurs, take with food, milk, or an antacid (yes, really... unlike other medications, they are ok to take with an antacid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teach your client to check labels on all medications since many medications contain aspirin or other aspirin-like NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: donepezil (aricept) is available as ... Rivastigmine (exelon is available as ... |
|
Definition
| an orally disintegrating tablet. Rivastigmine (exelon) is available as a transdermal preparation. These safe and effective forms of administration may improve compliance |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| by starting at the lowest possible dose and titrate gradually to minimize cholinergic adverse effects |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: what do these drugs do |
|
Definition
| only postpone the worsening of symptoms. there is no cure for alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - nitrates: warning - |
|
Definition
| clients should not take sildenafil (viagra), vardenafil (levitra), or tadalafil (cialis) within 24 to 36 hours of taking nitrates. the combination can cause a significant and dangerous drop in bp |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: important to know about the effects of the med |
|
Definition
| the helpful effects wear off after about 2 years of treatment, so alternative treatment approaches will be needed. This is known as the "on-off phenomenon" |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: amantadine was developed for |
|
Definition
| prevention of influenza virus infection, but has antiparkinsonian properties |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: anticholinergics are often needed to |
|
Definition
| control the extrpyramidal side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. However, these drugs may cause confusion and hallucinations in individuals over age 70 and should be avoided for these clients. |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: most antidepressant medications - including SSRIs can causee |
|
Definition
| weight gain of 10 pounds (or more) in 1 out of 4 people |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: which drugs are better for elderly and children |
|
Definition
| due to its short half life (and few drug interactions) sertraline is the drug of choice for treating depression in the elderly. Conversely, due to its long half life, fluoxetine is a better choice for children |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: warning - |
|
Definition
| all antidepressants have "black box" warnings due to an increased risk of suicidal thinking or attempts in children and adolescents |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: these drugs are effective against |
|
Definition
| a slightly wider range of bacteria than penicillin. they can be used for people with penicillin allergies |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: the azithromycin "Z Pak" |
|
Definition
| consists of 6 capsules prepackaged in a blister card. the client takes 2 capsules the first day, followed by 1 capsule for the remaining 4 days |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: older clients who take Ca channel blockers are at risk for |
|
Definition
| hypotension or shock if they take erythromycin or clarithromycin. if a macrolide is required, these patients should be prescribed azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: like other diuretics, these drugs |
|
Definition
| increase urination so they are best taken early in the day |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: thiazide diuretics tend to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: most diuretics are |
|
Definition
| sulf drugs - be sure to check for allergies prior to administration |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: organisms resistant to |
|
Definition
| beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin is used to treat or prevent |
|
Definition
| dangerous illnesses associated with biological warfare, such as anthrax and plague |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: black box warning - |
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolones use increases the likelihood of tendonitis and tendon rupture |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates may either be taken |
|
Definition
| every day, once or twice a week, or once a month |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates must be taken how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach, in the morning, and with a full glass of water. remain sitting upright for 30 minutes and avoid strenuous activity in order to prevent heartburn |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: although the benefits of bisphosphonates are great, |
|
Definition
| serious problems have been reported with bone healing, especially following dental surgery |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: most of the generic names of proton pump inhibitors end in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: clients over age 50 or who are severely ill |
|
Definition
| may become temporarily confused while taking H2 blockers, especially cimetidine |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: sucrlfate (a substituted sugar molecule with no nutritional value) has been used for the prevention of |
|
Definition
| stress ulcers commonly seen in burn victims. it reacts iwth existing stomach acid to form a thick coating that covers the surface of an ulcer and protects it from further damage. it does not inhibit gastric acid production. |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: for most clients, treatment of RA usually begins with |
|
Definition
metotrexate (or leflunomide). methotrexate is taken once a week and since it is a folic acid antagonist, clients must add 1 mg folic acid supplement daily
like other DMARDs, methotrexate increases the risk of liver damage. clients should have regular liver function tesets |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: tell clients who take sulfasalazine that their |
|
Definition
| urine, tears, and sweat may develop an orange tinge, which can stain clothing and contact lenses |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: the most significant side effect of biologic agents is an |
|
Definition
| increased risk of all types of infections, including TB. clients must have a TB skin test prior to starting therapy. Stop treatment if the client develops an active infection or has a high fever |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: there are 4 categories of opioids |
|
Definition
endogenous (produced by the body)
opium alkaloids (morphine)
semi-synthetic opioids (such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorthone)
fully synthetic opioids (such as propoxyphene, tramadol, and pentazocine) |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and fentanyl buccal tablets are |
|
Definition
| rapid onset opioids that do not have to be swallowed. they are approved for the treatment of cancer related breakthrough pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: the opioid antagoinist drug = |
|
Definition
| Naloxone (narcan) is given IV push to reverse resp. dep. of opioid drugs |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: eptifibatide is dervided and synthesized from |
|
Definition
| a protein in the venom of the pygmy rattlesnake. it is usually used along with aspirin or clopidogrel and heparin |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol is most often used in clients with |
|
Definition
| peripheral vascular disease to reduce leg pain associated with walking (intermittent claudication) by improving blood flow to the leg |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol warning |
|
Definition
| clients diagnosed with HF should never take this med |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors are the most |
|
Definition
potent antiplatelet therapy agents available and cause serious or life threatening bleeding (including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
clients should seek immediate help if they experience purple patches on the skin or other signs of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: cytotoxic drugs are typically non selective and their action |
|
Definition
| affects all rapidly dividing cells. clients undergoing chemo typically experience nausea and vomiting, sores in the mouth, bone marrow suppression and alopecia |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: biological therapy (for example, monoclonal antibodies) is a relatively new way to |
|
Definition
| treat cancer. it uses the body's immune system to fight cancer or to lessen the side effects caused by some cancer treatments |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: health care workers should |
|
Definition
| limit their exposure to these meds. all personnel who handle antineoplastic drugs must receive info and training about the health hazards and must be monitored in a medical surveillance program |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: following IV admin of these meds |
|
Definition
| intracranial pressure falls within 60 to 90 min |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: extravasation (leakage) of mannitol can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: the most serious adverse effect of mannitol is |
|
Definition
| fluid and electrolyte imbalance. fluid loss leads to significant dehydration and, without adequate fluid replacement, can lead to hypernatremia |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: what two drugs may increase the risk of hyperkalemia when admin with penicillin |
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretics and ace inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: how should liquid penicillin V be stored |
|
Definition
| store liquid penicillin V in a refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze. throw away unused med after 14 days |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: in rare cases, an allergy to penicillin can cause an anaphylactic reaction. in cases of anaphylactic shock medical first aid includes: |
|
Definition
cardiopulmonary assessment and supportive measures (including oxygenation)
IM epinephrine
assessing and securing airway (intubation)
IV normal saline
inhaled beta 2 agonist (albuterol)
antihitamines (H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists) |
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers: beta blockers are used to |
|
Definition
| calm the brain. they decrease palpitations during panic attacks, decrease essential tremors, and decrease situational anxiety. they may also decrease migraine headaches in some people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clients should contact their physician before they discontinue their medication. abrupt withdrawal can cause severe exacerbation of angina and cause heart attacks or sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - sulfonamides: sulfonamides were the first type of anti-infectives used to treat and prevent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: while taking sulfa drugs, avoid |
|
Definition
| herbs with a diuretic effect, such as bearberry, parsley, dandelion leaf, and sarsaparilla. Basil may affect absorption of sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: about 3% of the population is allerlgic to sulfa drugs. groups at higher risk include those who |
|
Definition
| metabolize these medications more slowly (elderly) and those with immune problems (such as AIDs). reactions can range from hives and photosensitivity to life threatening anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: what can reduce the effects of anticoagulation drug therapy |
|
Definition
| foods rich in vit K (leafy, green veggies) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: be sure to ask your clients if they are using |
|
Definition
| herbal remedies: ginseng and st john's wort can decrease PT/INR. Ginkgo biloba, garlic, chamomile, and licorice root can increase PT/INR |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: therapeutic range of effectiveness of anticoagulants is approximately |
|
Definition
| 1.5-2 or 2.5 times the normal lab values. be sure to know the lab results before administering anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins can be used as an alternative for clients who are allergic to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins are 3 times more effective than penicillin for treating |
|
Definition
| bacterial throat infections such as strep throat |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: the oral suspension of cefprozil (cefzil) contains phenylalanine. it should not be prescribed for clients with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: benzodiazepines are better for |
|
Definition
| intermittent or short term use in management of anxiety. buspirone paroxetine, and venlafaxine are better for long term use. |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: derived form the root of the plant, valerian is frequently used as a |
|
Definition
| sedative to improve sleep. valerian should be stopped at least 1 week prior to surgery since it may interact with anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: elderly clients have increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines, associated with an increased risk of |
|
Definition
| falls. Alprazolam appears on the Beers list (medications inappropriate for the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): antidepressant discontinuation syndrome can occur if |
|
Definition
| medication was taken for at least 6 weeks. theis syndrome causes flu like symptoms, insomnia, imbalance, sensory disturbances, and hyperarousal |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): what is the most frequent side effect that will cause some people to stop treatement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): use of what while taking SNRIs and other antidepressants, may increase the risk of bleeding |
|
Definition
| aspirin, NSAIDs or anticoagulants (such as warfarin) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants can cause |
|
Definition
| sedation. even if taken at bedtime, the client may feel tired the next day |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: at the onset of treatment, may cause feelings of |
|
Definition
| restlessness or anxiousness, increased perspiration or night sweats, and clouded thinking or difficulty concentrating. although usually short lived, these effects may cause your pt to stop taking this med |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants are one fo the leading causes of |
|
Definition
| death by drug overdose in the US (due to lethal cardiac complications) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: long acting insulin meds are known as |
|
Definition
| basal insulins and help clients aboid blood sugar level spikes and nocturnal hypoglycemia. administer once a day, at the same time each day (usually bedtime) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: remind the hclient to eat when while using rapid acting insulin |
|
Definition
| 5 to 10 minutes after using rapid acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: oral antidiabetic agents can be used how |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination as effective therapy for type 2 diabetics. however, these oral meds sometimes stop working after a few months or years (the cause is often unknown) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ are portent and cost effective glucose lowering agents but all of them cause weight gain and may not be the best choice for obese clients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ can cause people to sunburn more easily. clients should be warned to wear protective clothing and use (SPF 30 or higher) sunscreen when they are outdoors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ may also be used to treat intractable hiccups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: clinical trials indicate that _____ can effectively reduce nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and post op. it is not as effective for chemotherapy induced nausea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ can even prevent the anticipatory nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxi drugs. it comes in a tablet that rapidly dissolves in saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: take fexofenadine how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach with a glass of water. do not take with juice or antacids, which reduce absorption |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: geriatric clients are at risk for |
|
Definition
| orthostatic hypotension with many antihistamines; advise clients to change positions slowly. antihistamiens appear on the Beers list |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: _____ has multiple uses and is often combined with many other OTC meds. be sure to determine why the med was ordered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: the client may have an increase in what when first starting this med |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: clients with the metabolic condition called glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should not take drugs b/c |
|
Definition
| they risk severe damage to red blood cells, leading to anemia |
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: anaphylaxis and infusion reactions have been reported during and after administration of |
|
Definition
| pegloticase. pre medicate with antihistamines and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: when clients use both an inhaled steroid and inhaled bronchodilator how should they take them |
|
Definition
| they should use the bronchodilator first to open up airways, then wait a few minutes, and use the steroid so it can penetrate the lungs more effectively. Rinse and spit after using the inhalers |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: although anticholinergics are FDA approved for treating asthma attacks in an emergency room setting, they are primarily used for treating |
|
Definition
| smoking related COPD (emphysema) |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: the dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of peak serum theophylline concentration measurements, therapeutic level is between |
|
Definition
| 10 and 20mcg/ml. draw peak serum theophylline levels 15 to 30minutes after administering IV loading dose. ensure that diazepam is readily available to treat seizures |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: CNS stimulants can be |
|
Definition
| habit forming and therefore have a high potential for abuse |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: to prevent sleep problems |
|
Definition
| clients should take methylphenidate early in the day, before 6pm |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: may cause sudden death in |
|
Definition
| individuals with heart defects or serious heart problems. ask clients whether anyone in their family has an irregular heartbeat or has died suddenly |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: while on medications that lower the body's resistance, clients should not have |
|
Definition
| immunizations. those living in the same household should not take the oral polio vaccine since they could pass the polio virus to the client |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporine helps control the |
|
Definition
| symptoms of psoriasis. it comes in capsule or liquid form. clients should dilute the liquid in room temperature orange or apple juice (but never grapefruit juice) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: warning |
|
Definition
| there is a risk of severe, life threatening birth defects caused by thalidomide. it must not be taken by women who are pregnant or who could become pregnant. male clients taking thalidomide should not donate sperm |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: extended or regular use of laxatives can result in |
|
Definition
| dependence or even chronic constipation |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: docusate is often used after a |
|
Definition
| heart attack or post op, when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: advise client that laxatives should not be used when |
|
Definition
| constipation is accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, N/V |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: controlled studies have shown the herb ____ reduces the frequency of migraine attacks. are available in capsules or tablets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: when taken regularly these medications can reduce the number of migraine attacks: |
|
Definition
| amitriptyline (antidepressant); propanolol; verapamil; valproic acid,gabapentin and topiramate (seizure medications); and boulinum toxin (botox) |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: the serotonin receptor agonists (the triptans) do not prevent migraines. thaken at the first signs of a migraine, the prevent |
|
Definition
| symptoms from getting worse (severe throbbing, nausea, and sensitivity to sound and light). the erogts (dihydroergotamine and ergotamine) also help stop migraine attacks. |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: phenylephrine may be used to treat |
|
Definition
| priapism (painful, prolonged erections in men) |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: since midodrine can cause severe systolic supine hypertension it should not be given when |
|
Definition
| after the evening meal or less than 4 hours before bedtime. be sure to monitor the supine and standing bp regularly |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: to reduce the risk of local necrosis , |
|
Definition
| phentolamine (an alpha blocker) may be added to IV solutions containing norepinephrine. administer norepinephrine inot a large vein, such as an antecubital vein. |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: ARBs are often used for people who |
|
Definition
| cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. (note: they are not a substitute for ace inhibitors and do not prolong life the way ace inhibitors do |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: who shouldn't take them |
|
Definition
| women who are pregnant should not take ARBs because they cause birth defects (pregnancy category D in the 2nd and 3rd trimester) |
|
|
Term
| Do not delegate what you can |
|
Definition
| EAT evaluate, assessment, teaching |
|
|
Term
| Addisons disease labs look like... |
|
Definition
down, down, down, up, down
hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased blood volume, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia
dark pigmentatoin of skin, decreased resistance to stress, fractures, alopecia, weight loss, GI distress
Addisonian crisis:
n/v, confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia, dehydration, decreased BP |
|
|
Term
| Cushings disease labs look like... |
|
Definition
up, up, up, down, up
hypernatremia, hypertension, increased blood vol, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
prone to infection, muscle wasting, weakness, edema, HTN, hirsutism, moon face/buffalo hump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| K (do not give potassium without adequate urine output) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appearance (color pink, pink and blue, blue [pale])
Pulse (>100, <100, absent)
grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
0 to 10 range
8-10: newborn adjusting well
5-7: requires some resuscitative interventions
less than 5: vigorous resuscitation |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions
Airborne: |
|
Definition
My
chicken
Hez
TB
or remember...
MTV = airborne
Measles
TB
Varicella-chicken pox/Herpes zoster-Shingles
Private room - negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr
Mask, N95 for TB
Before entering:
1.Wash hands
2. Don N95 Respirator (Mask)
3. Don gown then gloves |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions:
Droplet |
|
Definition
Think SPIDERMAN:
Sepsis
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal pharngitis
Paovoviirus B19
Pneumonia
Pertussis
Influenza
Diptheria [pharngeal]
Epiglottitis
Rubella
Mumps
Meningitis
Mcoplasma or menningeal pneumonia
AN - adenovirus
private room or cohort
mask |
|
|
Term
Transmission based precautions:
Contact precautions: |
|
Definition
MRS. WEE
Multidrug resistant organism [MRSA, ESBL, PRSP, and MDRP]
Respiratory infection
Skin infection
Wound infection
Enteric infection - C diff
Eye infection - conjunctivitis
Skin Infections:
VCHIPS
Varicella zoster
Cutaneous diphtheria
Herpes simplex
Impetigo
Pediculosis
Scabies
Don gown then gloves opposite for removal of PPE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S&S:chest pain, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom
Turn pt to LEFT side LOWER the HOB |
|
|
Term
| Women in labor with un-reasuring FHR: |
|
Definition
late decels, decreased variability, fetal bradcardia
turrn on LEFT side and give O2, stop pitocin, increase IV fluids |
|
|
Term
| Tube feeding w/ decreased LOC |
|
Definition
| position pt on RIGHT side - promotes emptying of the stomach. with the HOB elevated - to prevent aspiration |
|
|
Term
| during epidural puncture - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After lumbar puncture and also oil based myyelogram |
|
Definition
| pt lies in FLAT SUPINE - to prevent HA and leaking of CSF |
|
|
Term
| Position for pt w/ heat stroke |
|
Definition
| lie FLAT with LEGS ELEVATED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position on side of AFFECTED EAR after surgery - allows drainage of secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt will sleep on UNAFFECTED SIDE with a night shield for 1-4 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low or semi fowler's, support head, neck and shoulders
prevent neck flexion/ hyperextension, trach at bedside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
position PRONE so that sac does not rupture
keep normal saline at bed side
precursor to latex injury |
|
|
Term
| Buck's traction (skin traction) |
|
Definition
| elevate foot of bed for counter traction |
|
|
Term
| After total hip replacement = |
|
Definition
| don't sleep on operated side, don't flex hip more than 45 - 60 degrees, don't elevate HOB more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knee to chest position or trendelenburg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to suture line. while feeding, hold in upright position |
|
|
Term
| To prevent dumping syndrome |
|
Definition
post op ulcer or stomach surgeries
eat in reclining position, lie down afterr meals for 20-30 minutes also restrict fluids during meals, low Carbohydrate and fiber diet, small frequent meals |
|
|
Term
| Above the knee amputation |
|
Definition
| elevate for first 24 hours on pillow, position prone daily to provide for hip extention |
|
|
Term
| Below the knee amputation |
|
Definition
| foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours, position prone daily to provide for hip extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of detachment should be in the dependent poition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position pt in LEFT SIDE LING position [sims] with knee flexed |
|
|
Term
| After supratentorial surgery |
|
Definition
incision behind hairline
elevate HOB 30-45 degrees |
|
|
Term
| After infratentorial surgery |
|
Definition
incision at nape of neck
position pt flat and lateral on either side |
|
|
Term
| during internal radiation |
|
Definition
| on BEDREST while implant is in place |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic dysreflexia/hyperreflexia |
|
Definition
S&S: pounding HA, profuse sweating, nasal congestion, goose flesh, bradycardia, hypertension
place pt in SITTING POSITION (ELEVATE HOB) FIRST BEFORE AN OTHER IMPLEMENTATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bed rest with extremities elevated 20 degrees, knees straight, head slightly elevated (reverse trendelenburg] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP |
|
|
Term
| Peritoneal dialysis when outflow is inadequate |
|
Definition
| turn pt from side to side BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after the procedure, the client should be placed in the supine position for 4 to 12 hours as prescribed |
|
|
Term
| pain medication for pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| Demorol not Morphine sulfate |
|
|
Term
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia crisis
cholinergic crisis |
|
Definition
myasthenia gravis:
worsens with exercise and improves with rest
myasthenia crisis:
a positive reaction to Tensilon - will improve Sx
Cholinergic crisis:
caused b excessive medication - stop med- giving Tensilon will make it worse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) crstallizes at room temperature so always use a filter needle |
|
|
Term
| Prior to a liver biopsy it's important to be aware of what lab result |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
From the ass [diarrhea] =
from the mouth (vomit) = |
|
Definition
metabolic ASSidosis
metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair |
|
|
Term
| Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
| accelerated physical and mental function; sensitivity to heat, fine/soft hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, pulse, and HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased Ca
CATS -
convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, stridor
high Ca low phosphorus diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased Ca
fatigue, muscle weakness, renal caliculi, back and joint pain
low Ca high phosphorus diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase resp, hpotension, anxiety, urine specific gravity >1.030 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine specific gravit <1.010; semi-fowlers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased ADH
excessive urine output and thirst, dehydration weakness, administer pitressin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased ADH
change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia, n/v/a, HA; administer Declomycin, diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscle weakness, dysrhythmias
increase K - raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MURDER: muscle weakness, urine (oliguria, aniuria), resp depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching, convulsion; osmotic diuretics, fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased temp, weakness, disorientation/delusions, hypotension, tachycardia; hypotonic solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CATS -
convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, and stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes, sedative effect on CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tremors, tetany, seizures, dysrhythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depresses the CNS, hypotension, facial flushing, muscle weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypersecretion of epi/norepi, persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress, frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid cold and stimulating foods, surgery to remove tumor
tumor of adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: |
|
Definition
NMS is like S&M
you get hot (hyperplexia)
stiff (increased muscle tone)
sweaty (diaphoresis)
BP, P, RR go up
you start to drool |
|
|
Term
| Which is dangerous when you're pregnant; regular measles (rubeola) or german measles [rubella] |
|
Definition
| never get pregnant with a german [rubella] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
remember HOPS
Think DROPS [child drops to floor or squats] or POSH
Defect, septal
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
pulmonary stenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used as antidepressants:
Pirates say arrr, think; pirates take MAOI's when they're depressed
MAOI's used for depression all have an arr sound in the middle [parnate, marplan, nardil] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
potentially life threatening emergency
elevate head of bed 90 degree
loosen constrictive clothing
assess for bladder distention and bowel impaction
administer antihypertenive meds [may cause stroke, MI, seizure] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
check pulse
less than 60 hold
check dig levels and potassium levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of GERD and kidney stones
watch out for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of anxietyy and also itching
watch for dry mouth
given pre op commonly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
given for conscious sedation
watch for resp depression and hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention of thyroid storm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of pakinson
sweat, saliva, urine, ma turrn rreddish brown occasionally
causes drowsiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of parkinson
sedative effect also |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx of parkinson and EPS of other drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx of postop n/v and for nausea associated with gastrroenteritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotic
dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs
diarrrhea common side effect
drink plenty of fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| probenecid [benemid], colchicine, allopurrinol [zloprim] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of HTN or CHF
report flu like symptoms, rise slowly from sitting/lying position; take with meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of irritable bowel
assess for anticholinergic side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker
tx of HTN, angina
assess for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of duodenal ulcers
coats the ulcer
so take before meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of asthma or COPD
therap drug level: 10 - 20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the antedote to tylenol and is administered orally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of glaucoma, high altitude sickness
dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nsaid
tx of arthritis [osteo, rhematoid, gouty], bursitis, and tendonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of hypothyroidism
may take several weeks to take effect
notify Dr of chest pain
take in the AM on empty stomach
could cause hyperthroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of alcohol w/d
dont take alcohol with this
very bad nausea and vomiting can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of leukemia
given IV only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of scabies and lice
scabies: apply lotion once and leave on for 8-12 hours
lice: use the shampoo and leave on for 4 minutes with hair uncovered then rinse with warm water and comb with a fine tooth comb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx after menopause estrogen replacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of seizures
thera drug level is 10-20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of schizophrenia
assess for EPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of ADHD
assess for heart related s/e report immediately...child may need a drug holiday b/c it stunts growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx of hypotension, shock, low CO, poor perfusion to vital organs
monitor EKG for arrhythmias monitor BP |
|
|
Term
| Having trouble remembering the patterns in OB |
|
Definition
think VEAL CHOP
V C
E H
A O
L P
V=variable decels; C=cord compression
E=early decels; H=head compression
A=accels; O=okay ,not a problem
L=late decels; placental insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
place the mother in the TRENDELENBERG position b/c this removes pressure of the presenting part off the cord. [if her head is down the baby is no longer being pulled out of the body by gravity
if the cord is prolapsed cover it with sterile saline gauze to prevent drying of the cord and to minimize infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turn the mother to her left side to allow more blood flow to the placenta |
|
|
Term
| for an kind of bad fetal heart rate pattern |
|
Definition
| you give O2, often by mask |
|
|
Term
| when doing an epidural anesthesia |
|
Definition
| hydration before hand is a priority |
|
|
Term
| hypotension and bradypnea/bradycardi |
|
Definition
| are major risks and emergencies |
|
|
Term
| Never check the monitor or a machine as a first action; always |
|
Definition
assess the patient first
for example listen to fetal heart tones with a stethoscope in NCLEX land. Sometimes it's hard to tell who to check on first, the mother or the baby; it's usually easy to tell the right answer if the mother or baby involves a machine. if you're not sure who to check first and one of the choices involves the machine that's the wrong answer |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is a posterior presentation |
|
Definition
| the sounds are heard at the sides |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is anterior |
|
Definition
| the sounds are heard closer to midline, between the umbilicus and where you would listen to a posterior presentation |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is breech |
|
Definition
| the sounds are high up in the fundus near the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
heart sounds
if the baby is vertex |
|
Definition
| they are a little bit above the symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HOLD
High alarm- Obstruction due to increased secretions, kink, pt coughs, gag or bites
Low pressure alarm - Disconnection or leak in ventilator or in pt airway cuff, pt stops spontaneous breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hot and dry-sugar high(hyperglycemia)
cold and clammy need some candy (hypoglycemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opposite VS
ICP-increased BP decreased P and RR
Shock-decreased BP increased P and RR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right sided HF caused by the right ventricle or pulmonary hypertension
pick edema, jvd, if it's a choice |
|
|
Term
| heroin withdrawal neonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no meat and milk together |
|
|
Term
| pulse area cpr on an infant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| age to test child for lead poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits |
|
|
Term
| when are cultures obtained in relation to antibiotic therapy |
|
Definition
| before starting IV antibiotics obtain cultures |
|
|
Term
| pt with leukemia may experience |
|
Definition
| epitaxis b/c of low platelet count |
|
|
Term
| best way to warm a newborn |
|
Definition
| skin to skin contact covered with a blanket on mom |
|
|
Term
| nurses first action when a pt comes in and she is in active labor |
|
Definition
| listen to fetal heart tone/rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use systemic desensitization |
|
|
Term
| when getting down to two answers, choose the assessment answer (assess, collect, monitor, auscultate, palpate] over the intervention except in an emergency or distress situation. if one answer has an absolute, discard it. Give priority to answers that deal directly to the patient's body, not the machines/equipment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| key words are very important. avoid answers with absolutes for example |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amynoglycosides, like vancomycin, cause |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| should go over at least 2 minutes |
|
|
Term
| if a pt is not a child an answer with family options can be rule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ARDS (fluids in alveoli)&
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
|
Definition
| are always secondary to something else (another disease process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypoxemia - low oxygen level in tissues |
|
|
Term
| what is the best indicator of dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can causes Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy) when given to children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use cold for acute pain (sprained ankle) and heat for chronic (rheumatoid arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| guided imagery is great for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medication administration is rarely a good choice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever and chills are present
for the elderly confusion is often present |
|
|
Term
| antibiotic administration |
|
Definition
| always check for allergies especially PCN. make sure culture and sensitivity has been done before adm. first dose of antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COPD is chronic
pneumonia is acute
emphysema and bronchitis are with COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baroreceptors that detect the CO2 level are destroyed. therefore O2 level must be low because high O2 concentration blows the pt stimulus for breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cushing syndrome = buffalo hump, moon face, high glucose, HTN |
|
|
Term
| 4 options for cancer management |
|
Definition
| chemo, radiation, surgery, die with dignityy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no live vaccines, no fresh fruits, no flowers should be used |
|
|
Term
| chest tubes are placed in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angina = low oxygen to heart = no dead tissue
MI = dead heart tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticholesterol med
must be given with evening meal if it is QD (per day) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the great saphenous vein is taen it is turned inside out due to the valves that are inside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dead tissues cannot have PVC's (premature ventricular contraction) if left untreated pvc's can lead to VF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 tablespoon =____t or ____ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
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| in the lungs = potent vasodilator |
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reverse agents for toxicity
heparin |
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Definition
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Term
reverse agents for toxicity
coumadin |
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Definition
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Term
reverse agents for toxicity
ammonia |
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Definition
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Term
reverse agents for toxicity
acetaminophen |
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Definition
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Term
reverse agents for toxicity
iron |
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Definition
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Term
reverse agents for toxicity
digoxin |
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Definition
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Definition
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reverse agents for toxicity
opioid analgesic used to detoxify/treat pain in narcotic addicts |
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Definition
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Definition
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| dysrhthmias. dopamine increases BP |
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Definition
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Definition
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| med of choice for asystole (no heart beat) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Med of choice for anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
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| med of choice for status epilepticus is |
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Definition
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| med of choice for bipolar is |
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Definition
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Term
| is effective in both ventricular and atrial complications |
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Definition
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Term
| s3 sound normal and not normal when |
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Definition
| normal in CHF not normal in MI |
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Definition
gi med
give before meals to coat stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| given prophylactically to prevent stress ulcers |
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Term
| what should you check after and endoscopy |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
inflammation of the diverticulum in the colon
pain is around the LLQ |
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|
Definition
inflammation of the appendix
pain is in the RL quadrant with rebound tenderness |
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Term
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Definition
| portal hypotension +albuminemia |
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Term
| beta cells of the pancrease |
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Definition
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Term
| why is morphine contraindicated in pancreatitis |
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Definition
| causes spasm of the sphincter of oddi. therefore demerol should be given |
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Term
| signs observed in hypocalcemia |
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Definition
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Term
| with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic enzymes are given when |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| petechiae. treat with heparin |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous passive motion machine |
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Term
| give prophylactic antibiotic therapy before |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cloud, blurry vision, treated by lens removal surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
vasodilation ->HA
decreased CO2 causes vasoconstriction-> lightheaded |
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Term
| most spinal cord injuries are at what level |
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Definition
| lumbar or vervical regions |
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Term
| myelin sheath destruction, disruption in nerve impulse conduction |
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Definition
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Term
| decrease in receptor sites for acetylcholine. since smallest concentration of ACTH receptors are in cranial nerves, expect fatigue and weakness in eye, mastication (chewing), pharyngeal muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| test given if muscle is tense in myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| ascending paralysis (lower limbs before upper). keep eye on respiratory system |
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Term
|
Definition
RAT - rigidity, akinesia (loss of muscle mvt.), tremors.
treat with levodopa |
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Term
| TIA - transient ischemic attack vs CVA cerebrovascular accident |
|
Definition
TIA = mini stroke with no dead brain tissue
CVA = is with dead brain tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| cancer of lymph is very curable in early stage |
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Term
|
Definition
double by 6mo
triple by 1yr |
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Term
| when to hold dig with children |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| first sign may be meconium ileus at birth. baby is inconsolable, do not eat, not passing meconium |
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Term
|
Definition
| remember for cyanotic - 3T's (ToF, Truncys arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels). Prevent blood from gong to the heart. If problem does not fix itself or cannot be corrected surgically, CHF will occur followed by death |
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Term
| With R side cardiac cath look for |
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Definition
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Term
| with L side in adults look for |
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Definition
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Term
| rheumatic fever can lead to |
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Definition
| cardiac valve malfunctions |
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Term
|
Definition
| poor muscle control due to birth injuries and/or decrease oxygen to brain tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
should be <2
measure head circumference |
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Term
|
Definition
ther level 10-20
can cause gingival hyperplasia |
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Term
| two signs to check with suspected meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| usually encapsulated above the kidneys causing flank pain. do not palpate |
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Term
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Definition
| is x linked mother passes to son |
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Term
| when phenylalaniine increases |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| children <3, <35 lbs with femur fx |
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Term
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Definition
| place apparatus first then place the weight |
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Term
| where should the placenta be |
|
Definition
| in upper part of the uterus |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
flat P HYPERkalemia
prolonged PR HYPERkalemia HYPERmagnesemia
widened QRS HYPERkalemia HYPERmagnesemia
prolonged QT hypocalcemia
prolonged ST hypocalcemia
shortened ST HYPERacalcemia
depressed ST hypokalemia hypomagnesemia
widened T HYPERcalcemia
tall T HYPERkalemia hypomagnesemia
inverted T hypokalemia
shallow
flat
prominent U hypokalemia |
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Definition
|
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Term
| amniocentesis before 20 weeks gestation |
|
Definition
| check for cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities |
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Term
| when do the fontanelles close |
|
Definition
anterior closes at 18 months
posterior closes 6 to 8 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
| diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines. swelling reabsorbs within 1 to 3 days |
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Term
| pathological jaundice vs physiological jaundice |
|
Definition
patho = occurs before 24hrs and lasts 7days
physiological= occurs after 24 hours |
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Term
| placenta previa vs placental abruption |
|
Definition
previa= no pain, bleeding present
abruption= pain and bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
surfactant
med for lung expansion |
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Term
|
Definition
| baby cannot make it down to canal |
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Term
|
Definition
| used to halt preterm labor is contraindicated if deep tendon reflexes are ineffective. if pt experiences seizure during magnesium adm. get the baby out stat (emergency) |
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Term
|
Definition
antidepressants
take about 3 weeks to work |
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Term
obsession is to
compulsion is to |
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Definition
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Term
if pt have hallucinations what do you do
if pt has delusions what do you do |
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Definition
hallucinations - redirect them
delusions - distract them |
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Term
|
Definition
| antipsychotic can lead to EPS |
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Term
|
Definition
| used to dry up secretions |
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Term
|
Definition
| an antiemetic used to reduce nausea |
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used tranquilized given to reduce anxiety before OR |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| when shouldn't you give demerol |
|
Definition
| pt with sickle cell anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Oh (olfactory 1)
Oh (optic 2)
Oh (olfactory 3)
To (trochlear 4)
Touch (trigeminal V)
And (abducens VI)
Feel ( Facial VII)
A (auditory VIII)
Girls (Glossopharyngeal IX)
Vagina (vagus X)
And (accessor XI)
Hymen (hypoglassal XII)
S=sensory M=motor B=both
some
say
marry
money
but
my
brother
says
big
bras
matter
more |
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Term
|
Definition
greater than 145
SALT
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low grade fever
Thirst |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| sit at 6 and waves bye bye |
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Term
|
Definition
stands straight at 8
can sit w/o support
can roll from front to back
can hold a bottle
closure of ant font
can say mama dada
2 teeth present |
|
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Term
| 10 to 11 mo developmental |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 12 and up drink from a cup |
|
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Term
| 16 to 18 mo developmental |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| discriminates b/w pic of objects |
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Term
|
Definition
eyes, verbal, motor
it is similar to measuring dating skills... max 15 points
if below 8 you are in coma
so, to start dating you gotta open your eyes first, if you are able to do that spontaneously and use them correctly to SEE whom you dating you earn 4. but if she has to scream at you to open them it is only 3... and 1 you dont care to open even if she tries to hurt you
if you get good EYE contact 4 then move to verbal
talk to him if you can do that you are really oriented in situation take 4 more points... if you like him try not to be confused (3), and of course do not use inappropriate words (3). try not to respond with incomprehensibile sounds (2). if you do not like him just show no verbal response 1.
since you've got eye and verbal contact you can MOVE now using you motor response points. this is very important as moves give you 6pts |
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Term
| the person who hyperventilates is most likely to experience |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| restless, anxious, cyanotic, tachycardia, increased temp... also monitor ABGs |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase fat and protein, small frequent meals, lie down after meal to decrease peristalsis, wait 1 hr after meals to drink |
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Term
|
Definition
O is the universal donor
AB is the universal receipient |
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Term
| a nurse with localized herpes zoster |
|
Definition
| can care for pts as long as they are not immunosuppressed and the lesions must be covered |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what drug categories should you give with food |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs, corticosteroids, drugs for bipolar, cephalosporins, sulfanomides, |
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Term
|
Definition
| treatment of choice for status epilepticus |
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Term
|
Definition
| increases the risk of dig toxicity and decreases the effects of lithium and dilantin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
an inhaler used to treat allergy induced asthma ma cause bronchospasms
think iNto the asthmatic lung |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peptic ulcers caused by H pylori are treated with |
|
Definition
flagyl, prilosec,, and biaxin.
this treatment kills bacteria and stops production of stomach acid, but does not heal the ulcer. |
|
|
Term
| weighted NI (naso intestinal tubes) |
|
Definition
| must float from stomach to intestine. don't tape the tube right away after placement,may leave coiled next to pt on HOB position patient on right to facilitate movement through pylorus |
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Term
| diaphragm as a contraceptive |
|
Definition
| must stay in place 6 hours after intercourse. they are also fitted so must be refitted if you lose or gain a significant amount of weight |
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Term
| best time to take growth horomone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best time to take steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best time to take aricept |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| take before meals mucosal barrier; constipation |
|
|
Term
| long term use of amphogel |
|
Definition
| binds to phophates, increases Ca, robs the bones... leads to increased Ca resortion from bones and weak bones |
|
|
Term
| cushings ulcers related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| r/t ICP in brain (htn, bradycaria, irr. resp.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intraocular pressure is greater than normal (22)
tends to be higher in the mornings
give miotics to constric (pilocarpine) no atropine |
|
|
Term
| no dairy sources of calcium |
|
Definition
| rhubarb, sardines, collard greens |
|
|
Term
| nurs consideration for allopurinol |
|
Definition
| push fluids to flush the uric acid out of system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red spots with blue center characteristic of prodromal stage of measles
usually in the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause peripheral neuritis, take vit B6 to prevent also hepatotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red spots with blue center characteristic of prodromal stage of measles
usually in the mouth |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| red orange tears and urine, also contraceptives dont work as well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to conjunctival sac after wards apply pressure to nasolacrimal duct/inner canthus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| put them in fetal position, NPO, gut rest, prepare antecubital site for PICC because they'll probably be getting TPN/Lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has live cultures don't give to immunosuppressed pt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain with palpation of gallbladder area seen with cholecystitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flank grayish blue pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diverticulitis, low residue, no seeds, nuts, peas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests for PKU, baby should have eaten source of protein first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for pernicious anemia/ how well one absorbs vit b12 |
|
|
Term
| peritoneal dialysis normal vs not normal |
|
Definition
| it's ok to have abdominal craps, blood tinged outflow, and leaking around site if the peritoneal dialysis cat (tenkhoff) was placed in the last 1-2 weeks. cloudy outflow never normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
given at 28 wks, 72 hours post partum, IM. ONly given to Rh NEGATIVE mother
Also if indirect coomb's test is positive, don't need to give rhogam because she has antibody only give if negative coombs |
|
|
Term
| amniotic fluid yellow with particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. EXCEPT with abdomen because you don't want to mess with the bowels and their sounds so you inspect, auscultate, percuss then palpate |
|
|
Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
|
Definition
| is a condition in which there is a degeneration of motor neurons in both the upper and lower motor neuron systems |
|
|
Term
| transesophageal fistula (TEF) |
|
Definition
esophagus doesn't fully develop (this is surgical emergency)
The 3 C's of TEF in the newborn
Choking
coughing
cyanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they put an amulet or any other use of protective charms around their baby's neck to avoid evil eye or envy of others |
|
|
Term
| contraindication for Hep B vaccine |
|
Definition
| anaphylactic reaction to baker's yeast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor thiocynate (cyanide). normal value should be 1, >1 is heading toward toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semi fowlers with knees flexed to relieve lower back pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external rotation, shortening, adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood tinged sputum (r/t inflammation) inc ESR, resp alkalosis (r/t tachypnea), hypocalcemia, increased serum lipids, snow storm on CXR |
|
|
Term
| complications of mechanical ventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tinnitus, bone pain, enlargement of bone, thick bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cheese, corn, cranerries, plums, prunes, meat, poultry, pastry, bread |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milk, veggies, rhubarb, salmon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effect of thyroid hormones |
|
Definition
| insomnia... increased met. rate, your body is too busy to sleep as opposed to the people with hypothyroidism who may report somnolence (dec met rate, body is slow and sleepy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patch the good eye so that the weaker eye can get stronger. BOTOX for strabismus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2LNC or less (hypoxic not hypercapnic drive), PaO2 of 60ish and SaO2 90% is normal for them b/c they are chronic CO2 retainers |
|
|
Term
| neostigmine/atropine (anticholinergic) to reverse effect of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes hypokalemia (amongst many other things.. have to premedicate before giving. Pts will most likely get a fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for hypersensitivity before giving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take with high fat diet - increases absorption |
|
|
Term
| amphogel and renegal take with or without meals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is greatest 7-9mo, separation anxiety peaks in toddlerhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pt's bronchodilator will be with-held and they are not allowed to smoke for 4 hours prior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for glaucoma, can cause hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for ADHD, may alter insulin needs, aboid taking with MAOI's, take in AM (insomnia possible side effect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for retinitis caused by cytomealovirus, pt will need regular eye exams, report dizziness, confusion, or seizures immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to treat and prevent TB, do not give with dilantin, can cause phenytonin toxicity, monitor LFT's , give B6 along with, hypotension will occur initially, then resolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for TB, dyes bodily fluids orange |
|
|
Term
| if mixing antipsychotics (haldol, throazine, prolixin) with fluids |
|
Definition
| med is incompatible with caffine and apple juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preferred anti psychotic in elderly, but high risk EPS, monitor for early signs of reaction and give IM benadryl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for parkinsons, contraindicated in pts with glaucoma, aboid B6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for parkinsons, contraindicated with MAOI's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for sickle cell, report GI symptoms immediately, could be sign of toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for hyperlipidemia, take on empty stomach to enhance absorption, report any unexplained muscle pain, especially in fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| botulin toxin can be used with strabismus also to relax vocal cords in spasmodic dysphonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a psychiatric disorder that causes an individual to self inflict injury or illness or to fabricate symptoms of physical or mental illness in order to receive medical care or hospitalization, in a variation of the disorder, munchausen by proxy, an indidual, typically a mother, intentionally causes or fabricates illness in a child or other person under her care |
|
|
Term
| is a chronic, progressive disease with demyelinating lesions in the CNS which affect the white matter of the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Multiple sclerosis
Motor S/S
Sensory S/S
Cerebral S/S |
|
Definition
Motor - limb weakness, paralysis, slow speech
sensory s/s - numbness, tingling, tinnitus
cerebral s/s- nystagmus, ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
50% genetic, autosomal dominant disorder
s/s chorea -> writhing, twisting, movements of face, limbs and body
- gait deteroirates to no ambulation
-no cure, just palliative care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pt with pyelonephritis (neutrophils kick in to fight infection) |
|
|
Term
| definitive diagnosis for abd aortic aneurysm AAA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pt has hypoactive bowel sounds
when giving Kayexalate watch for dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smell urine on the breath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bile is lower obstruction
no bile is upper obstruction
ribbon like stools |
|
|
Term
| no cantaloupe or fish before what test |
|
Definition
| occult blood test. cantaloup is high in vit c and vit c causes a false postive result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormality in which urethral meatus is located on teh ventral surface of the penis anywhere from the corna to the perineum (remember hypo, low (for lower side or under side) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opeing of the urethra on the dorsal front surface of the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful erection lasting longer than 6 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dry mouth- can't spit
urinary retention - can't ***
constipated - can't ****
blurred vision - can't see |
|
|
Term
| when you see coffee brown emesis, think |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you can only do one thing to help the pt what would it be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| question about halo remember |
|
Definition
| safety first have a screwdriver near by |
|
|
Term
| fetal alcohol syndrome presentation |
|
Definition
upturned nose
flat nasal bridge
thin upper lip
SGA |
|
|
Term
IM Site for
6mo infant
above 18mo
children |
|
Definition
vastus lateralis
ventrofluteal
deltoid and gluteus maximus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OU - both eyes
OS - Left eye
OD - right eye (Dominent right eye to try and remember) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COAL
cane opposite affected leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take v.s., shave area around needle insertion, position patient with arms on pillow on over bed table or lying on side, no more than 1000cc at a time. post - listen for bilateral breath sounds, v.s., check leakage, sterile dressing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| npo 8-12hrs, empty bladder, pulses, tell pt may feel heat palpitations or desire to cough with dye injection. post vs keep leg straight bedrest 6-8 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| well hydrated, lie flat, site shaved, pulses marked, post - keep flat 12-14hrs, check site, pulses, force fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NPO 4-6 hrus, allergy hx, phenothiazines, cns depressants, and stimulants withheld 48 hrs prior, table will be moved to various positions druing test, post - neuro q2-4, water soluble HOB up, oil soluble HOB down, oral analgesics for HA, encourage po fluids, assess for distended bladder, inspect site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adm vit k, nop morning of exam 6 hrs, give sedative, teach pt that he will be asked to hold breath for 5-10 sec, supine position, lateral with upper arms elevated. Post position on right side, frequent vs, report severe ab pain stat, no heavy lifting 1 wk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CO2 used to enhance visual, general anesthesia, foley. post - walk pt to decrease co2 build up used for procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used after mastectomy, empty when full or q8hr, remove plug, empty contents, place on flat surface, cleanse opening and plug with alcohol sponge, compress evacuator completely to remove air, release plug, check system for operation |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
PTB |
|
Definition
| low grade afternoon fever |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
emphysema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
kawasaki syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stepladder like fever with chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pseudo membrane formation |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
measles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
SLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
liver cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
leprosy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
bulimia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
appendicitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
dengue |
|
Definition
| petechiae or + herman's sign |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
meningitis |
|
Definition
kernig's sign - leg flex then leg pain on extension
brudzinski sign
neck flex = lower leg flex |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
tetany |
|
Definition
| hypocalcemia + trousseau's sigh/carpopedal spasm; chvostek sign (facial spasm) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
tetanus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| cullen's sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus; + grey turner spots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
PDA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
intussusception |
|
Definition
| sausage shaped mass, dance sign (empty portion of RLQ) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
MS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
MG |
|
Definition
| descending muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
guillain barre syndrome |
|
Definition
| ascending muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
LTB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
epiglotitis |
|
Definition
3Ds
drooling, dysphonia, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hodgekin's disease/lymphoma |
|
Definition
| painless, progressive enlargement of spleen and lymph tissues, reedstenberg cells |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
Mono |
|
Definition
| hallmark sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
parkinson's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
fibrin hyalin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cystic fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
bladder cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
BPH |
|
Definition
| reduced size and force of urine |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
| nikolsky's sign (separation of epidermis caused by rubbing of the skin) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
retinal detachment |
|
Definition
| visual floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
glaucoma |
|
Definition
| painful vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (peripheral vision loss) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cataract |
|
Definition
| painless vision loss, opacity of the lens, blurring of vision |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
retino blastoma |
|
Definition
| cat's eye reflex - grayish discoloration of pupils |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
acromegaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| gower's sign (use of hands to push one's self form the floor) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
GERD |
|
Definition
| barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the esophageal mucosa) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hepatic encephalopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| bossing sign (prominent forehead) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
ICP |
|
Definition
| hypertension , bradypnea, bradycardia (cushing's triad) |
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
meniere's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common sighs and symptoms
basilar fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take with jice or water, never with milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
therapeutic drug levels
dilantin
theophylline
acetaminophen
lithium
digoxin |
|
Definition
dilantin 10-20
theophylline 10-20
acetaminophen 10-20
lithium 0.5-1.5
digoxin 0.5-2.0 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an infectious bone disease get blood cultures and give antibiotics, then if necessary surgery to drain abscess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/s edema + hypotension. turn and repostion (risk for impaired skin integrity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serum reatinine elevated and urine clearnce decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hot as a hare (temp), mad as a hatter (LOC), red as a beet (flushed face), and dry as a bone (thirsty) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give diet low fat, high sodium, fat soluble vitamins, aerosal bronchodilators, mucolytics and pancreatic enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/e aggitation, sleep disturb, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/e agranulocytosis, tachycardia and seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toes curl great
toes fan bad |
|
|
Term
| further testing for pregnant women after flucose tolerance test if |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| assessing extraocular eye movements check cranial nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dusk stoma means poor blood supply
protruding means prolapsed
sharp pain + rigidity means peritonitis
mucus in ileal conduit is expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s/e rash (stop), gingival hyperplasia (good hygiene)
toxicity -> poor gait + coordination, slurred speech, nausea, lethargy, and diplopia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenobarbital can be taken dilatin is contraindicated |
|
|
Term
| change in color is always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incentive spirometry steps |
|
Definition
sit upright
exhale
insert mouthpiece
inhale for 3 seconds
and then hold for 10 sec |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MRSA contact precautions only
VRSA contact and airborne |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L level of therapeutic affect is 0.5 -1.5
I indicate mania
T toxic lvl 2-3 - N/V, diarrhea, tremor
H hydrate 2-3L of water/day
I increased UO and dry mouth
U uhoh; give mannitol and diamox if toxic
M maintain Na intake of 2-3g/day |
|
|
Term
| All psych meds - except lithium -s/e are the same as SNS but the BP is DECREASED |
|
Definition
| SNS increase in BP, HR, and RR (dilated bronchioled), dilated pupils (blurred vision), decreased GUT (urinary retention), GIT (constipation), constricted blood vessels and dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| blood transfusion sign of allergies in order |
|
Definition
flank pain
frequent swallowing
rahes
fever
chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
admin diuretics to decrease endolymph in the cochlea, restric Na, lay on affected are when in bed
triad: vertigo, tinnitus, n/v |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in pediatric life threatening emergencies, when iv access cannot be obtained, an osseous (bone) needle is hand drilled into a bone (usually the tibia), where crystalloids, colloids, blood products and drugs can be administered into the marrow.
when venous access is achieved it can be d/c'd. one medication that cannot be administered by intraosseous infusion is isoproterenol, a beta agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are old enough and should have an explanation of what will happen a week before surgery such as tonsillectomy |
|
|
Term
| why is it essential to maintain nasal patency with children <1 yr |
|
Definition
| because they are obligatory nasal breathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cryptorchidism is a known risk factor for testiculaar cancer later in life. start teaching boys testicular self exam around 12, because most cases occur during adolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| will have high protein and low glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precedes rheumatic fever. chorea is part of this sickness (grimacing, sudden body movements, etc.) and it embarrasses kids. they have joint pain. watch for elevated antistreptolysin O to be elevated. Penicillin |
|
|
Term
| the main hypersensitivity reaction seen with antiplatelet drugs is |
|
Definition
| bronchospasm (anaphylaxis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein in the urine confirms multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pallor, tachycardia, and sore red tongue |
|
|
Term
| with flecainide (tambocor) |
|
Definition
| an antiarrythmic, limit fluids and sodium intake, because sodium increases water retention which could lead to HF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release histamine during an allergic response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the treatment of choice for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means it was caused by treatment, procedure, or medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx for breast cancer pt
should report changes in visual acuity, because the adverse effect could be irreversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for short term neuromuscular blocking agent for procedures like intubation and ECT. Norcuron is for intermediate or long term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases the effects of oral anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| typical adverse reaction to oral hypoglycemics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for spasticity, may take a week or more to be effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, vision chages, fatigue, and spasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no phenylalanine - no meat, no dairy, no aspartame |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a positive western blot in a child indicates that the mother is infected. two or more positive p24 antigen tests will confirm HIV in kids <18mo. the p24 can be used at any age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid OPV and Varicella vaccinations (live), but give pneumococcal and influenza. MMR is avoided only if the kid is severely immunocompromised. parents should wear gloves for care, not kiss kids on the mouth, and not share eating utensils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a patient with low hemoglobin and/or hematocrit should be assessed for |
|
Definition
| signs of bleeding, such as dark stools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diastolic times 2 plus systolic divided by 3 |
|
|
Term
| celiac disease can't have |
|
Definition
| BROW barely rice oats wheat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starve a gastric ulcer feed a duo ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
c: change in bowel or bladder habits
a: a sore that doesn’t heal
u: unusual bleeding or discharge
t: thickening or lump
i: indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o: obvious changes in a wart or mole
n: nagging cough or hoarseness. |
|
|
Term
A way we were taught to remember which Beta Blockers are contra-indicated in patients with Resp problems are easy....
Contra-Indicated- so think.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
q 4 weeks -28-32 weeks
q 2 weeks -32-36 weeks
q1 week -36-40 weeks |
|
|
Term
| These medications slow the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), decreasing the production of angiotensin II. As a result blood vessels relax and dilate, blood pressure lowers, and more oxygen rich blood reaches the heart. |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What are ACE inhibitors used for? |
|
Definition
| control blood pressure, treat heart failure, and help prevent strokes. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of ACE inhibitors = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels. As a result blood vessels dilate and blood pressure drops |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ARBs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control high blood pressure and treat heart failure
slow the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These Medications:
May prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Help regulate the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in the processing, storage and retrieval of information (NMDA receptor antagonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uses for anti alzheimer's agents include |
|
Definition
treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine)
Memantine is used to treate moderate-to -severe alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Two types of Anti-Alzheimer Agents = |
|
Definition
cholinesterase inhibitors = mild to moderate alzheimer disease
NMDA receptor antagonist - used to treat moderate to severe alzheimer's disease. |
|
|
Term
| cholinesterase inhibitors include |
|
Definition
donepezil* (Aricept)
galantamine (Razadyne)
Rivastigmine (Exelon) |
|
|
Term
| NMDA receptor antagonist - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria and compromise the structure of the bacterial cell wall |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| Uses for Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
treat and prevent severe infections, such as septicemia (bacteria in the blood) and severe urinary tract infections
Treat hospital acquired respiratory infections, caused by aerobic, gram negative bacteria, e.g., as Escherichia coli and dlebsiella species. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Anti-infectives - aminoglycosides = |
|
Definition
| END IN MYCIN exceptamikacin (Amikin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mold Cephalosporium. Like Penicillins, they interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Cephalosporins uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent a wide variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. |
|
|
Term
| cephalosporins examples = |
|
Definition
| Start with CEF 4 Generations |
|
|
Term
| These medications are bactericidal; they are the only class of antimicrobial agents in clinical use that directly inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones uses include |
|
Definition
treat wide range of infections of the sinuses, skin, lungs, ears, airways, urinary tract, bones, and joints caused by gram negative and gram positive organisms
prevent and treat anthrax |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Flurorquinolones - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are bacteriostatic. They inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction by interfering with their ability to make proteins |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides uses |
|
Definition
treat various systemic and local bacterial infections of the resp. tract, GI tract, and soft tissues
treat severe acne and sexually transmitted infections
prevent whopping cough, as well as endocarditis in dentistry |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Macrolides examples - |
|
Definition
end in myocin...
azithromycin *(zithromax)
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
dirithromycin (Dynabac)
erythromycin (E-mycin)
troleandomycin (Tao) |
|
|
Term
| These medications belong to a class of antibiotics called beta-lactans, which exert bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall production. Currently this group includes more than 20 antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-infective - Penicillins uses |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent of wide range of bacterial infections including streptococcal infections, syphilis and lyme disease |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infective - penicillins = |
|
Definition
All end in cillin
Aminopenicillins -
amoxicillin* (amoxil)
ampicillin (principen, omnipen)
Extended spectrum penicillins -
cabenicillin (Geocillin)
piperacillin (Pipracil)
ticacillin (Ticar)
Natural penicillins -
penicillin G (generic
Penicillin V* (Pen-VK)
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins -
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin (generic)
oxacillin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| These bacteriostatic medications provide a broad spectrum of activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria |
|
Definition
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - Sulfonamides uses |
|
Definition
treat UTI
Treat some types of bacterial pneumonia (pneumocystis Carinii) and shigellosis
Treat some protozoal infections |
|
|
Term
| Examples of anti-infectives - Sulfonamides |
|
Definition
All have Sulf in them
mafenide (Sulfamylon)
sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph 10)
sulfamethizole (thiosulfil Forte)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine)
sulfisoxazole (gantrisin)
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole* (septra, bactrim) |
|
|
Term
| These broad spectrum anti-infectives exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria |
|
Definition
| anti-infectives - tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - Tetracyclines uses - |
|
Definition
treat respiratory tract infections
treat acne and skin infections, genital infections (syphilis, chlamydia), and urinary tract infections
treat lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, and rickettsial infections and the infection that causes stomach ulcers (caused by helicobacter pylori) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - tetracyclines - |
|
Definition
all end in cycline
demeclocycline (declomycin)
doxycycline* (vibramycin)
minocycline (minocin)
oxytetracycline (terramycin)
tetracycline (sumycin) |
|
|
Term
| these vasodilatros dilate the blood vessels, improve blood flow and allow more oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle. they also relax the veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates uses = |
|
Definition
| treat and prevent attacks of (acute) angina |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - Nitrates examples - |
|
Definition
isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR, Sorbitrate, Isordil)
isosorbide mononitrate* (ISMO, Monoket, Imdur)
nitroglycerin (nitro-dur, nitro-bid, nitrostat)
have trate on the end or nitro in the word... |
|
|
Term
| These medications act at many levels in the CNS, producing an anxiolytic effect. they may produce CNS depression. The effects may be mediated by GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - uses - |
|
Definition
treat of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder
Manage anxiety associated with depression |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antidepressants (SSRI) = |
|
Definition
paroxetine* (Paxil)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Antidepressants (tricyclic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - antihistamine |
|
Definition
| hydroxyzine (atarax, Vistaril) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Benzodiazepines - |
|
Definition
Alprazolam* (Xanax)
buspirone (Buspar, Vanspar)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
diazepam* (valium)
Lorazepam* (Ativan
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax) |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - Herbals - |
|
Definition
kava-kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| Antianxiety agents - examples - tranquilizer - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These medications are generally classified by their effects on cardiac conduction tissue (Class 1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, IV). They:
Slow down the heart (the calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and beta-blockers)
Slow the heart's electrical impulses by blocking the heart's potassium channels (amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppress potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1A |
|
Definition
disopyramide (norplace)
procainamide (pronestyl)
quinidine (quinidine sulfate) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1B |
|
Definition
!Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mexiletine (Mexitil)
phenytoin (Dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class 1C |
|
Definition
flecainide (tambocor)
propafenone (rythmol) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class II |
|
Definition
Beta-blockers
acebutolol (sectral)
!propranolol (inderal)
sotalol (betapace) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - class III |
|
Definition
!amiodarone (cordarone)
Dofetilide (tikosyn)
ibutilide (corvert) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - Class IV |
|
Definition
ca channel blockers
diliazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tizazac, and others)
verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic examples - other |
|
Definition
!digoxin* (lanoxin)
dronedarone (multaq) |
|
|
Term
These medications:
relax the smooth muscles that line the airway (bronchodilators)
Block the inflammation that narrows the airways (corticosteroids)
Counteract substances that cause the air passages to constrict and secrete mucus (leukotriene modifiers)
prevent allergic reactions or asthma symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manage acute and chronic episodes of reversible bronchoconstriction associated with asthma
treat acute attacks (short-term control) and decrease incidence and intensity of future attacks (long-term control) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - adrenergics - examples |
|
Definition
albuterol* (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others)
!epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - bronchodilators - examples |
|
Definition
| theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - corticosteroids - examples = |
|
Definition
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
ciclesonide (Omnaris) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - herbals - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - leukotriene atagonists |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - mast cell stabilizers - examples |
|
Definition
| cromolyn nebulized solution (nasalcrom |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics - monoclonal antibodies - examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| albuterol and ipratropium* (combivent) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit clotting factor synthesis, inhibit thrombin, or interfere with blood platelet formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent or treat blood clots associated with stroke, heart attack, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, HF, arrhythmia, atrial fib, DVT, and pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!heparin
!warfarin (coumadin) |
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulant - examples indirect factor Xa inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anticoagulant -LMWH - examples |
|
Definition
!dalteparin (fragmin)
!enoxaparin (lovenox)
!tinzaparin (innohep) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants - examples - thrombin inhibitors |
|
Definition
!argatroban (generic)
!bivalirudin (angiomax)
!dabigatran (pradaxa)
!desirudin (iprivask)
!lepirudin (rDNA) |
|
|
Term
| These medications depress CNS function. They target specific neurochemical processes, suppress excess neuron function, and regulate electrochemical signals in the brain (for instance, GABA inhibitors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
help control epileptic seizures
treat neuropathic pain (associated with diabetes, shingles, and fibromyalgia), migraine headaches, and bipolar disorders. |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - barbiturates |
|
Definition
mephobarbital (mebaral)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - GABA analogues |
|
Definition
gabapentin* (neurontin)
pregabalin* (lyrica)
tiagabine (gabitril) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - Hydantoins |
|
Definition
ethotoin (peganone)
fosphenytoin (cerebyx)
phenytoin (dilantin) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - other |
|
Definition
carbamazepine (tegretol)
lamotrigine (lamictal)
oxcarbazepine (trileptal)
topiramate (topamax)
valproic acid (depakote) |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants examples - oxazolidinediones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications prevent the enzyme monamine oxidase from breaking down the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (also known as monoamines) in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - MAOIs examples |
|
Definition
isocarboxazid (marplan)
phenelzine (nardil)
selegiline (ensam, eldepryl, zelapar)
tranylcypromine (parnate) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs uses |
|
Definition
primarily treat moderate-to-severe depression and chronic fatigue syndrome
treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, obsessive-compulsive disoder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - SSRIs examples |
|
Definition
citalopram* (celexa)
escitalopram* (lexapro)
fluoxetine* (Prozac)
paroxetine* (paxil)
sertraline* (zoloft) |
|
|
Term
| These medications block or delay the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic nerves. the increased levels of these neurotransmitters elevates mood. |
|
Definition
| antidepressants - serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - uses |
|
Definition
| treat depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder and other mood disorders |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SNRIs - examples |
|
Definition
desvenlafaxin (pristiq)
duloxetine* (cymbalta)
milnacipran (savella)
venlafaxine* (effexor) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit the nerve cell's ability to reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, they also block the action of acetylcholine and histamine (causing many of the side effects of these meds) |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic uses |
|
Definition
relieve depression and help treat obsessive compulsive disorder and bedwetting.
off-label uses include panic disorder, bulimia, and chronic pain (migraine, diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic examples |
|
Definition
amitriptyline* (elavil)
amoxapine (asendin)
desipramine (norpramin)
doxepin (sinequan)
imipramine (tofranil)
maprotiline (ludiomil)
nortriptyline (pamelor)
protriptyline (vivactil)
trimipramine (surmontil) |
|
|
Term
| this medication is used in the treatment of type 1 DM and may be used to treat type 2 DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin uses |
|
Definition
rapid acting insulin covers meals eaten at the same time as the injection
short acting insulin covers meals eaten within 30 to 60 min
intermediate-acting insulin covers about half of the day or overnight (and is often combined with rapid-or short-acting insulin)
long acting insulin covers about one full day |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - intermediate acting = |
|
Definition
| !NPH insulin (N) (Humulin-N, Novolin-N) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - long acting |
|
Definition
!insulin detemir (levemir)
!insulin glargine* (lantus) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - rapid-acting |
|
Definition
!insulin aspart (novolog)
!insulin glulisine (apidra)
!insulin lispro (humalog) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - insulin - short acting |
|
Definition
!human insulin (velosulin)
!regular insulin (R) (Humulin-R, Novolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral uses |
|
Definition
| treat type 2 diabetes melitium |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors examples |
|
Definition
!acarbose (precose)
!miglitol (glyset) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral - biguanides - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral meglitinides |
|
Definition
!nateglinide (starlix)
!repaglinide (prandin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral sulfonylureas |
|
Definition
!glimepiride (amaryl)
!glipizide (glucotrol)
!glyburide# (diabeta, micronase) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral thiazolidinediones - |
|
Definition
!pioglitazone (actos)
!rosiglitazone (avandia) |
|
|
Term
these medications
slow the passage of stools through the intestines (loperamide)
decrease the secretion of fluid into the intestine and inhibit the activity of bacteria (bismut subsalicylate) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control and relieve symptoms of acute and chronic nonspecific diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bismuth subsalicylate (kaopectate, peto-bismol)
diphenoxylate and atropine (lomotil)
kaolin and pectin (kapectolin) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - antispasmodics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - bulk forming laxatives |
|
Definition
| polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon) |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - opiate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals - examples - somatostatin analog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla by blockingdopamine receptors (for example metoclopramide)
decrease the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus (for example meclizine)
block the effects of serotonin in the brain and small intestine (5-HT3 receptro antagonists). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage the varioius causes of nausea and vomiting, including surgery, anesthesia, antineoplastic and radiation therapies, and motion sickness. |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - 5HT3 antagonists |
|
Definition
end in tron except nabilone (cesamet)
dolasetron (anzemet)
granisetron (sancuso)
nabilone (cesamet)
ondansetron (zofran)
palonosetron (aloxi) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - anticholinergics - |
|
Definition
| scopolamine (transderm-scop) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - cannabinoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - neurokinin antagonists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - other |
|
Definition
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
meclizine (antivert, bonine)
metoclopramide (reglan) |
|
|
Term
| antiemetics examples - phenothiazines |
|
Definition
chlorpromazine (thorazine)
perphenazine (trilafon)
prochlorperazine (compro)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
thiethylperazine (norzine, torecan) |
|
|
Term
| these mecations are also called antimycotic agents. they kill or inactivate fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat systemic, localized, or topical fungal infections (including yeast infections.) |
|
|
Term
| antifungals - Azole antifungals (the triazoles and imidazoles) examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - echinocandins examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antifungals - miscellaneous antifungals |
|
Definition
butenafine (mentax)
ciclopirox (loprox, penlac nail lacquer)
flucytosine (ancobon)
terbinafine (lamisil)
tolnaftate (absorbine Jr) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
!amphotericin B deoxycholate (amphocin, fungizone)
nystatin (mycostatin) |
|
|
Term
| These medications compete with histamine for histamine receptor sites. When they occupy the histamine receptor sites, they prevent histamine from causing allergic symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relief of symptoms associated with allergies (including rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema)
adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic rxns
treat insomnia (diphenhydramine), motion sickness (dimenhydrinate and meclizine), parkinson-like reactions (diphenhydramine), and other nonallergic conditions |
|
|
Term
| antishitamines examples - |
|
Definition
seem to end in tine, zine, mine, dine
azelastine (astelin)
bepotastine (bepreve)
cetirizine (zyrtec)
chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton)
clemastine (tavist allergy)
cyproheptadine (periactin)
desloratadine (clarinex)
dimenhydrinate (dramamine, dimetabs)
diphenhydramine (benadryl, sominex, nytol, midol PM, unisom nighttime sleep aid)
doxepin (sinequan)
fexofenadine* (allegra)
hydroxyzine (atarax, vistaril)
levocetirizine (xyzal)
ioratadine (alavert, claritin, tavist ND, dimetapp ND)
meclizine* (antivert, bonine, dramamine less drowsy formula)
olopatadine nasal spray (patanase)
!promethazine* (phenergan)
triprolidine (zymine) |
|
|
Term
| also called antigout agents, these medications work to either correct overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics examples |
|
Definition
allopurinol (zyloprim)
pegloticase (krystexxa)
rasburicase (elitek) |
|
|
Term
these medications:
inhibit or prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells by various different mechanisms of action
damage the DNA of cancer cells
interfere with the cancer cell's metabolism or affect cell division
create an unfavorable environment for cancer cell growth (hormones) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat various solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias
prescribed for some autoimmune disorders (such as RA) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - alkylating agents |
|
Definition
!chlorambucil (leukeran)
!cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antiestrogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antimetabolites |
|
Definition
!5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall) |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - antitumor antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - human recombinant interleukin-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - monoclonal antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics examples - plant alkaloids |
|
Definition
start with vin end in tine
vinblastine (velban)
vincristine (oncovin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications replenish dopamine. they also mimic the role of dopamine or block the effects of other chemicals that cause problems in the brain when dopamine levels drop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiparkinson agents uses |
|
Definition
| relieve the symptoms of parkinsonism including tremor or trembling in the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; stiffness or rigidity of the arms, legs, and trunk; bradykinesia; poor balance and coordination |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
benztropine (cogentin)
trihexyphenidyl (artane, trihexane) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - carbidopa/levodopa therapy |
|
Definition
| carbidopa and levodopa (sinemet) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - COMT inhibitors |
|
Definition
entacapone (comtan)
tolcapone (tasmar) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - Dopamine agonists |
|
Definition
apomorphine (apokyn)
bromocriptine (parlodel)
pramipexole (mirapex)
ropinlrole (requip)
rotigotine (neupro) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - MAO-B inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiparkinson agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
rivastigmine (exelon) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the formation of blood clots by preventing the clumping of platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent thromboembolic events, such as stroke, myocardial infaction or peripheral vascular disease.
prescribed after devices are placed inside the ehart or blood vessels, such as stents and artifial heart valves |
|
|
Term
| antiplatelet agents - examples - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors |
|
Definition
clopidogrel* (Plavix)
prasugrel (effient)
ticlopidine (Ticlid) |
|
|
Term
examples of antiplatelet agents -
adenosine reuptake inhibitors |
|
Definition
| dipyridamole (persantine) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - glycoproeint IIb IIIa inhibitors |
|
Definition
!abciximab (reopro)
!eptifibatide (integrilin)
!tirofiban (aggrastat) |
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of antiplatelet agents - phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block a specific subtype of the dopamine receptor (the D2 receptor). the 2nd generation not oonly block D2 receptors, but also a specifc subtype of serotonin receptor (5HR2A receptor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute and chronic psychosis, especially when accompanied by increased psychomotor activity
off label uses include tourette's syndrome, substance abuse, stuttering, OCD, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - atypical (or second generation) antipsychotics |
|
Definition
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (clozaril)
olanzapine* (zyprexa)
paliperidone (invega)
quetiapine* (seroquel)
risperidone (risperdal)
ziprasidone (geodon) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - others |
|
Definition
iloperidone (fanapt)
prochlorperazine (compro)
thioridazine (Mellaril) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics - examples - typical antipsychotics |
|
Definition
chlorpromaizne (thorazine)
fluphenazine (permitil, prolixin)
haloperidol (haldol)
loxapine (loxitane)
molindone (moban)
perphenazine (trilafon)
pimozide (orap)
thiothixene (navane)
trifluoperazine (stelazine) |
|
|
Term
| these medications treat RA. they relieve pain (analgesics), reduce inflammation (NSAIDs and steroids), and control the underlying disease (disease modifying RA drugs or DMARDs and biologic drugs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long term solution to control symptoms of RA by slowing down joint destruction and preserving joint functions (DMARDs)
Target specific component of the immune system (biologic agents - IM or IV only). these may be used alone, but are often given with other DMARDs to increase the benefits and limit potential side effects |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics - biologic response modifiers (anti-TNF) examples |
|
Definition
adalimumab (humira)
certolizumab pegol (cimzia)
etanercept (enbrel)
golimumab (simponi)
infliximab (remicade) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
azathioprinie (imuran, azasan)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
gold sodium thiomalate (myochrysine)
hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)
leflunomide (arava)
!methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics - other biologics |
|
Definition
abatacept (orencia)
anakinra (kineret)
rituximab (rituxan)
tocilizumab |
|
|
Term
| thse medications have various actions that affect mycobacteria, with most having bacteriocidal (for example, rifampin) and/or bacteriostatic for example, isoniazid) actions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antituberculars combination drugs |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid and pyrazinamide (rifater) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - primary agents |
|
Definition
ethionamide (trecator SC)
isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
rifampin (rifadin)
rifapentine (priftin) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - second line agents |
|
Definition
capreomycin (capastat)
cycloserine (seromycin)
ethambutol (myambutol)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
streptomycin (generic) |
|
|
Term
| antituberculars - third line agents (aminoglycosides) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications block the secretion of gastric acid by the gastric parietal cells (PPIs). they also stop the action of histamine on the gastric parietal cells, whcih inhibits the secretion of gastric acid (H-2 receptor blockers) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat and prevent peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretory conditions e.g., zollinger-ellison syndrome
manage the symptoms of GERD
treat recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Hpylori infections (a combined antibiotic and gastric acid suppression therapy) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti-infective (penicillins) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - herbal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - histamine H2 receptor antagonists |
|
Definition
all end in tidine
cimetidine (tagamet)
famotidine* (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)
ranitidine (Zantac) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - mucosal protective - |
|
Definition
aluminum hydroxide (amphojel)
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-bismol)
sucralfate (carafate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carithromycin (biaxin)
metronidazole (flagyl)
misoprostol (cytotec)
propantheline (pro-banthine)
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, neut) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all end in zole
dexlansoprazole (dexilant)
esomeprazole* (nexium)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
omeprazole* (prilosec)
pantoprazole* (protonix)
rabeprazole (aciphex) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are designed to work in one of two ways - they either inhibit the ability to multiply or they mimic the virus attachment protein, disrupting the replication process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent, manage and/or treat viral infections, such as HIV, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus, pneumonia, measles and mumps, and influenza strains (including swine flu) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents examples |
|
Definition
all have vir in them
cidofovir (vistide)
foscarnet (foscavir)
ganciclovir (cytovene)
valganciclovir (valcyte) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti herpetic agents |
|
Definition
all have vir
acyclovir (zovirax)
famciclovir (famvir)
valacyclovir (valcyte) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - anti influenza agents |
|
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
oseltamivir (tamiflu)
rimantadine (flumadine)
zanamivir (relenza) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - nucleoside analogues |
|
Definition
adefovir (hepsera)
entecavir (baraclude)
lamivudine (epivir)
penciclovir (denavir)
ribavirin (copegus, rebetol, virazole)
telbivudine (tyzeka) |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents - purine nucleosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications depress the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. These are all schedule IV drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce sedation or induce sleep
relieve anxiety and muscle spasms
prevent seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alprazolam* (xanax)
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
clonazepam* (klonopin)
clorazepate (tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
estazolam (prosom)
flumazenil (romazicon)
flurazepam (dalmane)
lorazepam* (ativan)
!midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
quazepam (doral)
temazepam (restoril)
triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves. By blocking the effects of thses neurotransmitters, they reduce heart rate and reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat hypertension, HF, arrhythmias, and angina (but not for immediate relief)
treat glaumcoma (ophthalmic)
prevent future heart attacks in heart attack patients
prevent migraine headaches |
|
|
Term
| examples of beta blockers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications bind to hydroxyapatite in bone and inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts |
|
Definition
| bone resorption inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors uses |
|
Definition
| prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and due to other causes, such as paget's disease of the bone and corticosteroid therapy |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors - examples |
|
Definition
alendronate* (fosamax)
calcitonin - salmon (miacalcin)
etidronate disodium (dironel)
ibandronate (boniva)
raloxifene (evista)
risedronate* (actonel)
tiludronate (skelid) |
|
|
Term
| these medications relax bronchial smooth muscle, making the airways larger and allowing air to pass through the lungs. they may also increase mucociliary clearance (beta agonists) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - |
|
Definition
| epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - anticholinergics |
|
Definition
ipratropium (atrovent)
tiotropium* (spiriva) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (long-acting) |
|
Definition
arformoterol (brovana)
formoterol (foradil)
salmeterol (serevent) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - beta agonists (short-acting) |
|
Definition
albuterol* (proventil, ventolin, proair, accuneb)
levalbuterol (xopenex)
metaproterenol (alupent)
pirbuterol (maxair)
terbutaline (brethine) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - combination (inhaled steroid + long acting beta agonist) |
|
Definition
!budesonide and formoterol (symbicort)
fluticasone and salmeterol* (advair) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - leukotriene synthesis inhibitors |
|
Definition
montelukast* (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate)
zileuton (zyflo) |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilators - examples - methylxanthines |
|
Definition
aminophylline (phyllocontin, truphylline)
theophylline (theo-dur, slo-bid, aerolate, and others) |
|
|
Term
| these medications slow the rate at which Ca passes into the heart muscle and into the vessels and allows blood to flow more easily through them, lowering blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat hypertension, angina, and abnormal heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia).
treat post-MI clients who cannot tolerate beta blockers |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blocker examples |
|
Definition
amlodipine* (norvasc, Lotrel)
bepridil (vascor)
diltiazem* (cardizem, dilacor, tiazac, and others)
felodipine (plendil)
isradipine (dynacirc)
nicardipine (cardene)
nifedipine (adalat, procardia XL)
nimodipine (nimotop)
nisoldipine (sular)
verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| These medications increase physical activity, mental alertness and attention span. The exact mechanism of action is not known |
|
Definition
| Central nervous system stimulants |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system stimulants uses |
|
Definition
improve concentration and focus for those with ADHD
decrease appetite and promote weight loss
alleviate sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and jet lag. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine & dextroamphetamine (adderall)
benzphetamine (didrex)
caffeine (NoDoz, Vivarin)
dexmethylphenidate (focalin)
dextroamphetamine (dexedrine)
diethylpropion (tenuate)
lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse)
methylphenidate* (concerta, ritalin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications mimic the effect of hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands. When the dose exceeds the body's usual hormone levels, they will suppress inflammation, as well as the immune system. Also used for their antineoplastic activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oral forms treat inflammation and pain associated with arthritis and autoimmune diseases (such as lupus, crohn's)
Inhaled med treat asthma and allergies
topical application helps heal skin conditions
injected forms treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis, gout and other inflammatory diseases. |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids - examples |
|
Definition
beclomethasone (Qvar)
betamethasone (celestone)
budesonide (entocort EC, pulmicort)
cortisone (Cortone acetate)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
flunisolide (aerobid)
fluticasone* (flonase, flovent)
methylprednisolone (medrol, depo-medrol)
mometasone furoate* (nasonex)
prednisolone (orapred, Prelone)
prednisone* (sterapred) |
|
|
Term
| these medications work in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (where magnesium and ca are reabsorbed). Disrupted reabsorption causes increased urine production, which lowers blood bolume and results in lowered blood pressure. Also causes the veins to dilate which lowers blood pressure mechanically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat acute pulmonary edema and manage edema
reduce intracranial pressure and treat hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bumetanide (Bumex)
ethacrynic acid (edecrin)
furosemide* (Lasix)
torsemide (demadex) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are derived form a chemical called benzothiadiazine. they work in the distal convoluted tubule by decreasing the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and chloride (which results in increased urine production) and help dialate blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics - thiazide uses |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination with loop diuretics, treat hypertension or edema due to HF or other causes |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - thiazide examples |
|
Definition
chlorothiazide (hygroton, Diuril)
hydrochlorothiazide* (hydrodiuril)
indapamide (lozol)
metolazone (zaroxolyn) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are low-molecular-weight substances that produce a raid loss of sodium and water by inhibiting their reabsorption in the kidney tubules and the loop of henle. They increase plasma osmolality, which increases diffusion of water from the intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage cerebral edema to decrease intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - osmotic examples |
|
Definition
mannitol (osmitrol)
urea (generic) |
|
|
Term
| these medications conserve potassium in clients receiving thiazide or loop diuretics. the decrease sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidneys |
|
Definition
| diuretics - potassium-sparing |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing uses |
|
Definition
| treat clients with HF, since they do not significantly lower blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing examples |
|
Definition
amiloride (midamor)
eplerenone (inspra)
spironolactone (aldactone)
triamterene (dyrenium) |
|
|
Term
| these medications inhibit cell-mediated immune responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevent transplantation rejection reactions
manage selected autoimmune diseases (for example, nephritic syndrome of childhood and severe RA) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants examples |
|
Definition
azathioprine (imuran, azasan)
basiliximab (simulect)
chlorambucil (leukeran)
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan, endoxan, neosar)
cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune)
daclizumab (zenapax)
!Methotrexate (rheumatrex, trexall)
muromonab-CD3 (orthoclone OKT3)
mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept)
mycophenolic acid (myfortic)
pimecrolimus (elidel)
sirolimus (rapamune)
tacrolimus (prograf)
thalidomide (thalomid) |
|
|
Term
| these medications are typically classified as either bulk-forming agents, osmotics, salines, stimulant, laxatives or stool softeners |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat or prevent constipation
prepare the bowel for radiologic or endoscopic procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methylnaltrexone bromide (relistor) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - bulk forming agents |
|
Definition
polycarbophil (equalactin, fibercon)
psyllium (metamucil) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples -osmotics |
|
Definition
glycerin suppositories (generic)
lactulose (chronulac, cephulac, cholac)
polyethylene glycol (miralax) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - salines |
|
Definition
magnesium chloride (mag 64, Mag SR)
magnesium gluconate ( Mag-G, Magonate)
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
phosphate/biphosphate (fleet enema, osmoprep) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stimulatn laxatives |
|
Definition
bisacodyl (dulcolax)
sennosides (senokot) |
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stimulant laxatives (herbal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laxative - examples - stool softeners |
|
Definition
| docusate sodium (colace, surfak) |
|
|
Term
reduce LDL (the "bad" or "lousy") cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme in the liver (HMG-CoA reductase) responsible for making cholesterol; shrink, stabilize and prevent rupture of fatyy plaques and formation of clots; and prevent inflammation (statins)
reduce LDL by binding to bile acid and preventing absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine (bile acid sequestrants)
prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with elevated triglycerides and low HDL when diet and lifestyle changes are unsuccessful (fibric acid agents) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents uses |
|
Definition
| reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (along with diet and exercise) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - bile acid sequestrants |
|
Definition
cholestyramine (questran)
colesevelam (welchol)
colestipol (colestid) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - fibric acids |
|
Definition
fenofibrate (tricor)
fenofibric acid (trilipix)
gemfibrozil (lobid) |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents - examples - other |
|
Definition
ezetimibe* (zetia)
ezetimibe and simvastatin* (vytorin) |
|
|
Term
| these medications correct imbalances minerals and electrolytes or make the urine more alkaline (pH modifiers) |
|
Definition
| mineral/electrolytes/pH modifiers |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers uses |
|
Definition
prevent and treat deficiencies or excesses of electrolytes
prevent crystals from forning in the urine and inhibit the formation of kidney stones (acidifiers and alkalinizers)
treat pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (magnesium sulfate)
some of these meds neutralize gastric acids |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - alkalinizing agents |
|
Definition
| sodium bicarbonate (backing soda, neut) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - calcium salts |
|
Definition
all have calcium in them
calcium acetate (eliphos)
calcium carbonate (caltrate)
!calcium chloride
calcium citrate (citracal)
!calcium gluconate
calcium lactate (ridactate) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - magnesium salts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - ph modifiers |
|
Definition
potassium citrate (urocit K)
!potassium phosphate (neutra-phos K) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - phosphate supplements |
|
Definition
| sodium phosphate (osmoprep) |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers - examples - potassium salts |
|
Definition
potassium bicarbonate (effervescent potassium)
potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (K-lyte)
potassium chloride* (k-dur, klor-con) |
|
|
Term
| these medications block the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes and reduce prostaglandins throughout the body, reducing inflammation, pain, and fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain, reduce fever, and to treat various inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - COX-2 selective inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs examples - traditional NSAIDs |
|
Definition
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
ibuprofen* (motrin, advil)
indomethacin (indocin)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
nabumetone (relafen)
naproxen* (aleve, naprosyn)
piroxicam (feldene) |
|
|
Term
| these medications target and block the chemical substances released by the brain (particularly prostaglandin) in response to injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nonopioid analgesics uses |
|
Definition
| control mild to moderate pain and/or fever |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples |
|
Definition
acetaminophen (tylenol)
chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin)
phenazopyridine (pyridium, urogesic)
salsalate (amigesic, disalcid) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - barbiturate + NSAID |
|
Definition
| butalbital and acetaminophen (phrenilin) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples - botanical medical food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples herbals |
|
Definition
| capsaicin (icy hot arthritis therapy, arthricare for women) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples NSAIDs |
|
Definition
choline and magnesium salicylates (trilisate)
diclofenac (cataflam, voltaren)
diflunisal (dolobid)
etodolac (lodine)
fenoprofen (naprofen)
ibuprofen (motrin, advil)
ketoprofen (actron, orudis)
ketorolac (toradol)
magnesium salicylate (doans pills, bayer select backache pain formula)
meclofenamate (meclomen)
meloxicam*(mobic)
naproxen*(aleve, midol extended relief) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples radiopharmaceutical |
|
Definition
samarium sm 153 lexidronam (quadramet)
strontium 89 chloride (metastron) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesics - examples salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
these medications interact with opiod receptors in the CNS, acting as agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (enkephalins and endorphins). this action alters perception and response to pian. they can be categorzied as long-acting, short-acting, or rapid-onset agents
they are all schedule II drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manage of moderate to severe pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics examples |
|
Definition
alfentanil (alfenta)
buprenorphine (buprenex)
butorphanol (stadol)
codeine* (generic)
fentanyl (duragesic)
hydrocodone* (norco, vicodin)
hydromorphone (dilaudid, exalgo)
levorphanol (levodromoran)
meperidine (demerol)
methadone (dolophine)
morphine
nalbuphine (nubain)
oxycodone* (oxycontin, percocet)
oxymorphone (opana ER)
pentazocine (talwin)
remifentanil (ultiva)
sufentanil (sufenta)
tapentadol (nucynta)
tramadol* (rybix, ryzolt, ultram) |
|
|
Term
these medications moderate activity and excitement while inducing a calming effect (and may be anxiolytic). they induce drowsiness and sleep
most are schedule IV drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provide sedation, usually prior to procedures
selected agents are useful as anticonvulsants, skeletal muscle relaxants, adjuncts in general surgery and adjuntcts for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples -barbiturates |
|
Definition
amobarbital (amytal)
pentobarbital (nembutal)
phenobarbital (luminal, solfoton)
secobarbital (seconal) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (intermediate-acting) |
|
Definition
estazolam (prosom)
lorazepam* (ativan)
temazepam (restoril) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (long acting) |
|
Definition
clorazepate 9tranxene)
diazepam* (valium)
flurazepam (dalmane) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - benzodiazepines (short acting) |
|
Definition
midazolam (versed)
oxazepam (serax)
triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - Herbals |
|
Definition
chamomile
dill
kava kava
lemon verbena
valerian |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics examples - other |
|
Definition
chloral hydrate (somnote
chlordiazepoxide (librium)
dexmedetomidine (precedex)
droperidol (inapsine)
eszopiclone (luesta)
hydroxyzine* (atarax, vistaril)
promethazine* (phenergan)
ramelteon (sonata)
zolpidem* (ambien) |
|
|
Term
| these medications act centrally on the spinal cord or brain stem and inhibit neuronal transmission; dantrolene is the only one that acts directly on skeletal muscle. they are typically classified by their pharmacologic properties as either antispasticity or antisasmodic agents |
|
Definition
| skeletal muscel relaxants |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants uses |
|
Definition
treat spasticity associated with spinal cord disease (such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis) or lesions
relieve symptoms of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (as adjuctive therapy) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - antispasticity agents |
|
Definition
baclofen (lioresal)
dantrolene (dantrium)
tizanidine (zanaflex) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - musculoskeletal agents |
|
Definition
carisoprodol* (soma, soprodal, vanadom)
chlorzoxazone (parafon forte DSC)
cyclobenzaprine* (flexeril)
metaxalone (skelaxin)
methocarbamol (robaxin)
orphenadrine (norlex) |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants examples - other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications convert plasminogen to plasmin, which then degrades fibrin in clots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute management of coronary thrombosis (MI), massive pulmonary emboli, DVT, and arterial thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alteplase (activase)
reteplase (retavase)
streptokinase (streptase)
tenecteplase (TNKase)
urokinase (abbokinase) |
|
|
Term
these medications directly stimulate alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors, producing vascular smooth muscle vasconstriction (ergot derivatives)
narrow dilated blood vessels and block nerves from transmitting signals of pain to the brain (5-HT 1 agonists) |
|
Definition
| vascular headache suppressants |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants uses |
|
Definition
| treat vascular headaches (migraines and cluster headaches |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - 5-HT1 agonists |
|
Definition
almotriptan (axert)
eletriptan (relpax)
frovatriptan (frova)
naratriptan (amerge)
rizatriptan (maxalt)
sumatriptan (imitrex)
zolmitriptan (zomig) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - beta blockers |
|
Definition
propranolol (inderal)
timolol (timoptic) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - Ca channel blocker |
|
Definition
| verapamil* (calan, covera, isoptin, verelan) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - ergots |
|
Definition
dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45)
erotamine (ergomar) |
|
|
Term
| vascular headache suppressants - examples - herbals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these medications are potent vasoconstrictors that produce a rise in BP (specifically an increase in mean arterial pressure) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control blood pressure in hypotensive states, such as (cardiogenic, septic) shock, drug reactions, spinal anesthesia
prolong anesthesia
treat certain heart rhythm problems, including cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dopamine
epinephrine (epipen, primatene, nephron, adrenalin)
midodrine (proamatine)
norepinephrine (levophed)
phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) |
|
|
Term
| important to know about anticonvulsants |
|
Definition
these medications should not be discontinued suddenly because they may cause insomnia or seizures
may increase sensitivity to sunlight; even brief exposure to sun can cause a severe sunburn or rash. clients should also avoid using tanning beds |
|
|
Term
| Anticonvulsants Black box warnings! Some anticonvulsants (_____ for example) may cause |
|
Definition
| carbamazepine...may cause fatal dermatologic reactions, including steven-johnson syndrome or toxic epidural necrolysis. D/C carbamazepine at the first sign of rash. Clients of chinese ancestry are at the highest risk to develop these reactions |
|
|
Term
| most common adverse effect of loop diruetics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clients taking loop diuretics may require what |
|
Definition
| supplemental potassium, folic acid, and vitamin B |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a mild loop diuretic that is chemaically related to theophylline (one of the products of the breakdown of caffeine). it is added to acetaminophen in New tylenol for women, backaid, and diurex (used to treat premenstrual bloating and backache associated with fluid retention.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: calcium carbonate - |
|
Definition
| cost-effective calcium supplement that is absorbed best when taken with food - at breakfast and dinner |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: K lyte - |
|
Definition
| is available as an effervescent tablet. advise clients to drop the tablet into a glass and add at least 4 ounces of cold water or juice. Drink the solution slowly. (over 5 to 10 minutes), just after a meal. Stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the drug |
|
|
Term
| minerals/electrolytes/pH modifiers: although primarily used to treat conditions resulting from calcium deficiency (such as tetany), calcium gluconate is also used to |
|
Definition
| relieve muscle cramping from black widow spider bites. it is the antidote for magnesium sulfate overdosage |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: how are they given |
|
Definition
| administered through intramuscular or intravenous injection, irrigation, topical skin application, or inhalation. Since aminoglycosides break down in the stomach they are not given orally |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: important to know |
|
Definition
| can be fairly toxic, so they are given for a short period of time. after initial treatment, the client is switched to a less toxic antiinfective (once the causative agent of infection is identified) |
|
|
Term
| Antiinfectives - aminoglycosides: side effects |
|
Definition
| a common side effect is hearing loss. gentamicin toxicity is the most common cause of bilateral vestibulopathy (damage to both inner ears). symptoms of toxicity include imbalance and oscillopsia (transient visual blurring when moving the head) |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: isoniazid can lead to |
|
Definition
| symptoms of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency, including peripheral neuropathy. Daily doses of 10-50mg/day of vit B6 can prevent and reverse peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| Antituberculars: rifampin can cause |
|
Definition
| reddish orange discoloration of saliva, sweat, tears, feces, urine and skin. clients should not wear soft contact lenses while taking this med |
|
|
Term
| most effective drugs in treating TB are |
|
Definition
| rifampin and isoniazid. these 2 drugs are used with pyrazinamide and either streptomycin or ethambutol for at least 2 months after intial diagnosis. thereafter, treatment continues with rifampin and isoniazid(usually for at least 4 more months) |
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: these drugs can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitors: warning for these drugs |
|
Definition
| can cause angioedema (swelling at back of throat), a rare complication that may rapidly lead to cardiac arrest. This reaction can occur up to 1 year later |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: can act as what |
|
Definition
| can act as a male contraceptive (stops entry of sperm into egg) |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: who shouldn't take these meds |
|
Definition
| clients over age 60 because of the risk of severe constipation |
|
|
Term
| Ca channel blockers: warning - |
|
Definition
| educate your clients about not eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice when taking these meds. the combination ccauses a higher bioavailability of the drug and can be toxic |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: Capsaicin education |
|
Definition
| the active component of chili peppers, is a skin irritant and produces a burning sensation in any tissue it touches. it works by depleting or interfering with substance P, a chemical involved in transmitting pain impulses to the brain. remind clients to wash their hands after topical admin. |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: strontium-89 chloride is a |
|
Definition
| radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously to help relieve the bone pain associated with some cancers |
|
|
Term
| Nonopioid analgesic: acetaminophen education |
|
Definition
| acetaminophen is found in more than 600 OTC drugs. educate your pt to read labels and reinforce the recommended maximum daily dose is now 3000 mg (down from 4000mg) |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: important to know about atypical antipsychotic meds |
|
Definition
| can cause major weight gain and metabolism changes. they may also increase the risk of developing diabetes and high cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: although much more common with long term use of the typical antipsychotics, both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause |
|
Definition
| extrpyramidal side effects, such as muscle stiffness, tremors, abnormal movements |
|
|
Term
| antipsychotics: black box warning |
|
Definition
| conventional antipsychotic drugs can increase the risk of death for elderly people who have lost touch with reality (psychosis) due to dementia. They are not approved for treating dementia-related psychosis |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: what are shown to help lower cholesterol |
|
Definition
| garlic, alfalfa, omega3 acid ethyl esters, nuts and niacin |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: a statin can be taken when |
|
Definition
| in one daily dose, usually in the evening when it is more effective |
|
|
Term
| lipid lowering agents: statins can occasionally cause what |
|
Definition
| muscle pain or weakness due to the muscle enzyme creatine kinase (CK) leaking into the blood stream. statin related muscle pain resolves when the med is stopped. |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: education for amiodarone |
|
Definition
| sometimes causes the skin to take on a blue-gray color, especially in areas exposed to the sun. the coloring will go away once the med is stopped (but may take up to several mo) |
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmics: Dronedaron (multaq) important info |
|
Definition
| the FDA issued a safety announcement in 2011 about dronedarone (multaq). clients taking this have an increased risk of adverse events including serious cardiovascular and death. |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: loperamide (imodium) other uses |
|
Definition
| used to reduce the amount of stool in people who have an ileostomy |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: a common temporary side effect of bismuth subsalicylate is |
|
Definition
| a dark tint of the tongue or stool. do not confuse this with black and tarry stools, which are a sign of bleeding in the intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| antidiarrheals: subsalicylate can cause a serious and sometimes fatal condition |
|
Definition
| called reye's syndrome in children. do not give bismuth subsalicylate to children or teens |
|
|
Term
| diuretics: potassium sparing: have a weak |
|
Definition
| diuretic and antihypertensive properties |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: what can interfere with it |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen) can decrease blood flow to the kidneys and may also interfere with sodium and water excretion, decreasing the effectiveness of diuretic drugs |
|
|
Term
| diuretics - potassium sparing: apironolactone (aldactone) acts like what |
|
Definition
| progesterone in the body, causing side effects like impotence, gynecomastia, irregular meses, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: goldeneal root info |
|
Definition
| thought to have antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: how long do clients take it |
|
Definition
| since fungal spores can survive for long periods of time, clients may need to take the med for several mo or longer |
|
|
Term
| antifungals: azole antifungal education |
|
Definition
| azole antifungals can cause liver damage. hepatotoxicity may occur if combined with other hepatotoxic agents, including alcohol. instruct clients to notify their HCP if they notice abd pain, fever, diarrhea, but especially if they have unusual fatigue, anorexia, jaundice, dark urine or pale stools |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals or snacks), with a full glass of water (no dairy products) |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: who should avoid these meds |
|
Definition
| children under 8 and pregnant women. they can cause permanent staining of developing teeth (including those of a fetus) and/or affect the strength and shape of bones |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - tetracyclines: like other infectives, tetracyclines may |
|
Definition
| decrease the effectiveness of some oral contraceptives. Use another method of birth control while taking these drugs |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: drugs for treating asthma (like theophylline and aminophylline) are structurally similar to |
|
Definition
| caffeine avoid food/drinks high in caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate) |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: advise clients to use aluterol how |
|
Definition
first if using other inhalation medications (and wait about 5 minutes before administering another inhalant med)
clients should prime the unit before using, discard the canister after 200 sprays, rinse their mouth with water after each inhalation dose, and regularly clean the mouthpiece |
|
|
Term
| antiasthmatics: inject an epipen how |
|
Definition
| directly through clothing, into the outer thigh and hold in place for 10 sec to deliver all the med |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: midazolam edu |
|
Definition
| causes amnesia without loss of consciousness and is often used during endoscopy and colonoscopy procedures |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: ramelteon edu |
|
Definition
| designed to be a chemical mimic of the endogenous hormone melatonin and is used to treat people who have difficulty falling asleep. it is the only hypnotic prescription med in the US that is not a controlled substance |
|
|
Term
| sedatives/hypnotics: warning - |
|
Definition
| even a slight overdose of one of the older barbiturates can induce coma and death (due to profound CNS depression) however, and overdose of a benzodiazepine or the newere non benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics will typically produce anesthesia without the risk (...unless combined with ETOH) |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines: short acting benzodiazepines, such as estazolam (prosom) and temazepam (restoril) are generally used for |
|
Definition
| patients with sleep-onset insomnia without daytime anxiety |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: flunitrazepam (rohypnol) is a benzodiazepine that is not |
|
Definition
| manufactured or legally marketed in the US. commonly known as "rophies," "roofies," and "roach" and is used as the "date rape" drug |
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines: long acting benzodiazepines, such as bhlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flurazepam, should not be used |
|
Definition
| in the elderly since they are more sensitive to their effects and metabolize the drugs less efficiently. Older clients taking these drugs have an increased risk of falls and may experience cognitive impairment. |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: important to know about administration |
|
Definition
| start 2 IV lines prior to therapy (one for this therapy and the second on for any other infusions). Invasive procedures, including venipuncture (especially at noncompressible sites, e.g., jugular vein, subclavian site), should be avoided after thrombolytic therapy is started |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: what is the antidote |
|
Definition
| aminocaproic acid may be used as an antidote. In life-threatening situation, the client may also need whole blood transfusions, fibrinogen infusions, and other emergency measures |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytics: alteplase - |
|
Definition
| used in the management of acute ischemic stroke in adults. treatment should be initiated within 3 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms (and after confirmation of no intracranial bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: important to know |
|
Definition
| that although effective, often replaced by antidepressants that are safer and cause fewer side effects |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: what should people avoid |
|
Definition
| mixing MAOIs and tyramine can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. People taking MAOIs should avoid food and medicines with high levels of tyramine (such as cheeses, wines, pickles; decongestants and other over-the-counter cold medications) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs: mixing st john's wart and MAOIs |
|
Definition
| can cause dangerously high levels of serotonin (serotonin syndrome) resulting in confusion, rapid or irregular heartbeat, dilated pupils, fever, and unconsciousness. ask you clients if they are using herbal remedies to treat their depression |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should decrease |
|
Definition
| sodium and increase both potassium and calcium in their diets. they should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice since they may increase serum levels of these meds |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: how should the client take this med |
|
Definition
| whether a dose is ordered daily or every other day, the client should take the med in the morning (with food) to coincide with the body's normal secretion of cortisol |
|
|
Term
| corticosteroids: clients taking corticosteroids should not receive what |
|
Definition
| a "live" vaccine. they should call their primary care practitioner if they are expsed to chicken pox or measles (since these conditions can be fatal in people who are using steroids.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease the ability of blood to clot and therefore increase bleeding; all NSAID medicines should be stopped prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDs: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| take with a full (6-8 oz) of water. if stomach upset occurs, take with food, milk, or an antacid (yes, really... unlike other medications, they are ok to take with an antacid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teach your client to check labels on all medications since many medications contain aspirin or other aspirin-like NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: donepezil (aricept) is available as ... Rivastigmine (exelon is available as ... |
|
Definition
| an orally disintegrating tablet. Rivastigmine (exelon) is available as a transdermal preparation. These safe and effective forms of administration may improve compliance |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: how should they be taken |
|
Definition
| by starting at the lowest possible dose and titrate gradually to minimize cholinergic adverse effects |
|
|
Term
| anti-alzheimer's agents: what do these drugs do |
|
Definition
| only postpone the worsening of symptoms. there is no cure for alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Antianginals - nitrates: warning - |
|
Definition
| clients should not take sildenafil (viagra), vardenafil (levitra), or tadalafil (cialis) within 24 to 36 hours of taking nitrates. the combination can cause a significant and dangerous drop in bp |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: important to know about the effects of the med |
|
Definition
| the helpful effects wear off after about 2 years of treatment, so alternative treatment approaches will be needed. This is known as the "on-off phenomenon" |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: amantadine was developed for |
|
Definition
| prevention of influenza virus infection, but has antiparkinsonian properties |
|
|
Term
| Antiparkinson agents: anticholinergics are often needed to |
|
Definition
| control the extrpyramidal side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. However, these drugs may cause confusion and hallucinations in individuals over age 70 and should be avoided for these clients. |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: most antidepressant medications - including SSRIs can causee |
|
Definition
| weight gain of 10 pounds (or more) in 1 out of 4 people |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: which drugs are better for elderly and children |
|
Definition
| due to its short half life (and few drug interactions) sertraline is the drug of choice for treating depression in the elderly. Conversely, due to its long half life, fluoxetine is a better choice for children |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - SSRIs: warning - |
|
Definition
| all antidepressants have "black box" warnings due to an increased risk of suicidal thinking or attempts in children and adolescents |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: these drugs are effective against |
|
Definition
| a slightly wider range of bacteria than penicillin. they can be used for people with penicillin allergies |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: the azithromycin "Z Pak" |
|
Definition
| consists of 6 capsules prepackaged in a blister card. the client takes 2 capsules the first day, followed by 1 capsule for the remaining 4 days |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - macrolides: older clients who take Ca channel blockers are at risk for |
|
Definition
| hypotension or shock if they take erythromycin or clarithromycin. if a macrolide is required, these patients should be prescribed azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: like other diuretics, these drugs |
|
Definition
| increase urination so they are best taken early in the day |
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: thiazide diuretics tend to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretics thiazide: most diuretics are |
|
Definition
| sulf drugs - be sure to check for allergies prior to administration |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: organisms resistant to |
|
Definition
| beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin is used to treat or prevent |
|
Definition
| dangerous illnesses associated with biological warfare, such as anthrax and plague |
|
|
Term
| anti-infectives - fluoroquinolones: black box warning - |
|
Definition
| fluoroquinolones use increases the likelihood of tendonitis and tendon rupture |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates may either be taken |
|
Definition
| every day, once or twice a week, or once a month |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: oral bisphosphonates must be taken how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach, in the morning, and with a full glass of water. remain sitting upright for 30 minutes and avoid strenuous activity in order to prevent heartburn |
|
|
Term
| bone resorption inhibitors: although the benefits of bisphosphonates are great, |
|
Definition
| serious problems have been reported with bone healing, especially following dental surgery |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: most of the generic names of proton pump inhibitors end in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: clients over age 50 or who are severely ill |
|
Definition
| may become temporarily confused while taking H2 blockers, especially cimetidine |
|
|
Term
| antiulcer agents: sucrlfate (a substituted sugar molecule with no nutritional value) has been used for the prevention of |
|
Definition
| stress ulcers commonly seen in burn victims. it reacts iwth existing stomach acid to form a thick coating that covers the surface of an ulcer and protects it from further damage. it does not inhibit gastric acid production. |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: for most clients, treatment of RA usually begins with |
|
Definition
metotrexate (or leflunomide). methotrexate is taken once a week and since it is a folic acid antagonist, clients must add 1 mg folic acid supplement daily
like other DMARDs, methotrexate increases the risk of liver damage. clients should have regular liver function tesets |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: tell clients who take sulfasalazine that their |
|
Definition
| urine, tears, and sweat may develop an orange tinge, which can stain clothing and contact lenses |
|
|
Term
| antirheumatics: the most significant side effect of biologic agents is an |
|
Definition
| increased risk of all types of infections, including TB. clients must have a TB skin test prior to starting therapy. Stop treatment if the client develops an active infection or has a high fever |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: there are 4 categories of opioids |
|
Definition
endogenous (produced by the body)
opium alkaloids (morphine)
semi-synthetic opioids (such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorthone)
fully synthetic opioids (such as propoxyphene, tramadol, and pentazocine) |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and fentanyl buccal tablets are |
|
Definition
| rapid onset opioids that do not have to be swallowed. they are approved for the treatment of cancer related breakthrough pain |
|
|
Term
| opioid analgesics: the opioid antagoinist drug = |
|
Definition
| Naloxone (narcan) is given IV push to reverse resp. dep. of opioid drugs |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: eptifibatide is dervided and synthesized from |
|
Definition
| a protein in the venom of the pygmy rattlesnake. it is usually used along with aspirin or clopidogrel and heparin |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol is most often used in clients with |
|
Definition
| peripheral vascular disease to reduce leg pain associated with walking (intermittent claudication) by improving blood flow to the leg |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: cilostazol warning |
|
Definition
| clients diagnosed with HF should never take this med |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet agents: glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors are the most |
|
Definition
potent antiplatelet therapy agents available and cause serious or life threatening bleeding (including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
clients should seek immediate help if they experience purple patches on the skin or other signs of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: cytotoxic drugs are typically non selective and their action |
|
Definition
| affects all rapidly dividing cells. clients undergoing chemo typically experience nausea and vomiting, sores in the mouth, bone marrow suppression and alopecia |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: biological therapy (for example, monoclonal antibodies) is a relatively new way to |
|
Definition
| treat cancer. it uses the body's immune system to fight cancer or to lessen the side effects caused by some cancer treatments |
|
|
Term
| antineoplastics: health care workers should |
|
Definition
| limit their exposure to these meds. all personnel who handle antineoplastic drugs must receive info and training about the health hazards and must be monitored in a medical surveillance program |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: following IV admin of these meds |
|
Definition
| intracranial pressure falls within 60 to 90 min |
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: extravasation (leakage) of mannitol can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretics - osmotic: the most serious adverse effect of mannitol is |
|
Definition
| fluid and electrolyte imbalance. fluid loss leads to significant dehydration and, without adequate fluid replacement, can lead to hypernatremia |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: what two drugs may increase the risk of hyperkalemia when admin with penicillin |
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretics and ace inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: how should liquid penicillin V be stored |
|
Definition
| store liquid penicillin V in a refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze. throw away unused med after 14 days |
|
|
Term
| Anti infectives - penicillins: in rare cases, an allergy to penicillin can cause an anaphylactic reaction. in cases of anaphylactic shock medical first aid includes: |
|
Definition
cardiopulmonary assessment and supportive measures (including oxygenation)
IM epinephrine
assessing and securing airway (intubation)
IV normal saline
inhaled beta 2 agonist (albuterol)
antihitamines (H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists) |
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers: beta blockers are used to |
|
Definition
| calm the brain. they decrease palpitations during panic attacks, decrease essential tremors, and decrease situational anxiety. they may also decrease migraine headaches in some people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clients should contact their physician before they discontinue their medication. abrupt withdrawal can cause severe exacerbation of angina and cause heart attacks or sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Anti-infectives - sulfonamides: sulfonamides were the first type of anti-infectives used to treat and prevent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: while taking sulfa drugs, avoid |
|
Definition
| herbs with a diuretic effect, such as bearberry, parsley, dandelion leaf, and sarsaparilla. Basil may affect absorption of sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives - sulfonamides: about 3% of the population is allerlgic to sulfa drugs. groups at higher risk include those who |
|
Definition
| metabolize these medications more slowly (elderly) and those with immune problems (such as AIDs). reactions can range from hives and photosensitivity to life threatening anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: what can reduce the effects of anticoagulation drug therapy |
|
Definition
| foods rich in vit K (leafy, green veggies) |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: be sure to ask your clients if they are using |
|
Definition
| herbal remedies: ginseng and st john's wort can decrease PT/INR. Ginkgo biloba, garlic, chamomile, and licorice root can increase PT/INR |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants: therapeutic range of effectiveness of anticoagulants is approximately |
|
Definition
| 1.5-2 or 2.5 times the normal lab values. be sure to know the lab results before administering anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins can be used as an alternative for clients who are allergic to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: cephalosporins are 3 times more effective than penicillin for treating |
|
Definition
| bacterial throat infections such as strep throat |
|
|
Term
| anti infectives: cephalosporins: the oral suspension of cefprozil (cefzil) contains phenylalanine. it should not be prescribed for clients with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: benzodiazepines are better for |
|
Definition
| intermittent or short term use in management of anxiety. buspirone paroxetine, and venlafaxine are better for long term use. |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: derived form the root of the plant, valerian is frequently used as a |
|
Definition
| sedative to improve sleep. valerian should be stopped at least 1 week prior to surgery since it may interact with anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| antianxiety agents: elderly clients have increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines, associated with an increased risk of |
|
Definition
| falls. Alprazolam appears on the Beers list (medications inappropriate for the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): antidepressant discontinuation syndrome can occur if |
|
Definition
| medication was taken for at least 6 weeks. theis syndrome causes flu like symptoms, insomnia, imbalance, sensory disturbances, and hyperarousal |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): what is the most frequent side effect that will cause some people to stop treatement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants - Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): use of what while taking SNRIs and other antidepressants, may increase the risk of bleeding |
|
Definition
| aspirin, NSAIDs or anticoagulants (such as warfarin) |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants can cause |
|
Definition
| sedation. even if taken at bedtime, the client may feel tired the next day |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: at the onset of treatment, may cause feelings of |
|
Definition
| restlessness or anxiousness, increased perspiration or night sweats, and clouded thinking or difficulty concentrating. although usually short lived, these effects may cause your pt to stop taking this med |
|
|
Term
| antidepressants - tricyclic and tetracyclic: tricyclic antidepressants are one fo the leading causes of |
|
Definition
| death by drug overdose in the US (due to lethal cardiac complications) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: long acting insulin meds are known as |
|
Definition
| basal insulins and help clients aboid blood sugar level spikes and nocturnal hypoglycemia. administer once a day, at the same time each day (usually bedtime) |
|
|
Term
| Antidiabetics -insulins: remind the hclient to eat when while using rapid acting insulin |
|
Definition
| 5 to 10 minutes after using rapid acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: oral antidiabetic agents can be used how |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination as effective therapy for type 2 diabetics. however, these oral meds sometimes stop working after a few months or years (the cause is often unknown) |
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ are portent and cost effective glucose lowering agents but all of them cause weight gain and may not be the best choice for obese clients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidiabetics - oral agents: _____ can cause people to sunburn more easily. clients should be warned to wear protective clothing and use (SPF 30 or higher) sunscreen when they are outdoors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ may also be used to treat intractable hiccups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: clinical trials indicate that _____ can effectively reduce nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and post op. it is not as effective for chemotherapy induced nausea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiemetics: _____ can even prevent the anticipatory nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxi drugs. it comes in a tablet that rapidly dissolves in saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: take fexofenadine how |
|
Definition
| on an empty stomach with a glass of water. do not take with juice or antacids, which reduce absorption |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: geriatric clients are at risk for |
|
Definition
| orthostatic hypotension with many antihistamines; advise clients to change positions slowly. antihistamiens appear on the Beers list |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines: _____ has multiple uses and is often combined with many other OTC meds. be sure to determine why the med was ordered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: the client may have an increase in what when first starting this med |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: clients with the metabolic condition called glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should not take drugs b/c |
|
Definition
| they risk severe damage to red blood cells, leading to anemia |
|
|
Term
| antihyperuricemics: anaphylaxis and infusion reactions have been reported during and after administration of |
|
Definition
| pegloticase. pre medicate with antihistamines and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: when clients use both an inhaled steroid and inhaled bronchodilator how should they take them |
|
Definition
| they should use the bronchodilator first to open up airways, then wait a few minutes, and use the steroid so it can penetrate the lungs more effectively. Rinse and spit after using the inhalers |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: although anticholinergics are FDA approved for treating asthma attacks in an emergency room setting, they are primarily used for treating |
|
Definition
| smoking related COPD (emphysema) |
|
|
Term
| bronchodilators: the dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of peak serum theophylline concentration measurements, therapeutic level is between |
|
Definition
| 10 and 20mcg/ml. draw peak serum theophylline levels 15 to 30minutes after administering IV loading dose. ensure that diazepam is readily available to treat seizures |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: CNS stimulants can be |
|
Definition
| habit forming and therefore have a high potential for abuse |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: to prevent sleep problems |
|
Definition
| clients should take methylphenidate early in the day, before 6pm |
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulants: may cause sudden death in |
|
Definition
| individuals with heart defects or serious heart problems. ask clients whether anyone in their family has an irregular heartbeat or has died suddenly |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: while on medications that lower the body's resistance, clients should not have |
|
Definition
| immunizations. those living in the same household should not take the oral polio vaccine since they could pass the polio virus to the client |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporine helps control the |
|
Definition
| symptoms of psoriasis. it comes in capsule or liquid form. clients should dilute the liquid in room temperature orange or apple juice (but never grapefruit juice) |
|
|
Term
| immunosuppressants: warning |
|
Definition
| there is a risk of severe, life threatening birth defects caused by thalidomide. it must not be taken by women who are pregnant or who could become pregnant. male clients taking thalidomide should not donate sperm |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: extended or regular use of laxatives can result in |
|
Definition
| dependence or even chronic constipation |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: docusate is often used after a |
|
Definition
| heart attack or post op, when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided |
|
|
Term
| laxatives: advise client that laxatives should not be used when |
|
Definition
| constipation is accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, N/V |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: controlled studies have shown the herb ____ reduces the frequency of migraine attacks. are available in capsules or tablets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: when taken regularly these medications can reduce the number of migraine attacks: |
|
Definition
| amitriptyline (antidepressant); propanolol; verapamil; valproic acid,gabapentin and topiramate (seizure medications); and boulinum toxin (botox) |
|
|
Term
| Vascular headache suppressants: the serotonin receptor agonists (the triptans) do not prevent migraines. thaken at the first signs of a migraine, the prevent |
|
Definition
| symptoms from getting worse (severe throbbing, nausea, and sensitivity to sound and light). the erogts (dihydroergotamine and ergotamine) also help stop migraine attacks. |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: phenylephrine may be used to treat |
|
Definition
| priapism (painful, prolonged erections in men) |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: since midodrine can cause severe systolic supine hypertension it should not be given when |
|
Definition
| after the evening meal or less than 4 hours before bedtime. be sure to monitor the supine and standing bp regularly |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressors: to reduce the risk of local necrosis , |
|
Definition
| phentolamine (an alpha blocker) may be added to IV solutions containing norepinephrine. administer norepinephrine inot a large vein, such as an antecubital vein. |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: ARBs are often used for people who |
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Definition
| cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. (note: they are not a substitute for ace inhibitors and do not prolong life the way ace inhibitors do |
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Term
| angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs: who shouldn't take them |
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Definition
| women who are pregnant should not take ARBs because they cause birth defects (pregnancy category D in the 2nd and 3rd trimester) |
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