Term
|
Definition
Yes.
Monozygotic twins:60%
Fraterna:30% |
|
|
Term
| What percent of men have alcohol problems? Females? |
|
Definition
5-10% of men
3-5% of women |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the DSM criteria for alcohol abuse? |
|
Definition
Significant impairment or distress
-Use in a hazardous situation
-Continual use despite interpersonal problems
-Alcohol causing problems in fulfilling obligations
-Recurrent alcohol-induced legal problems |
|
|
Term
| What are the DSM criteria for alcohol dependence? |
|
Definition
Abuse leading to impairment and 3 of the following:
1. Tolerance
2. Withdrawal
3. Large amounts or more thanintended
4. Persistent efforts to cut down on use
5. Lots of time spent on alcohol
6. Reduction in doing other things because of alcohol
7. Continued use despite knowing that alcohol is a problem! |
|
|
Term
| What is the overall effect of alcohol on the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of CNS depression by alcohol? |
|
Definition
| Cortex > limbic areas > cerebellum > reticular formation > medulla |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of low doses of alcohol on the brain? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of the inhibitors --> it's a stimulant! |
|
|
Term
| What receptors does alcohol act at? |
|
Definition
GABAa
Inhibition of glutaminergic |
|
|
Term
| What are the pharmacokinetics of alcohol? |
|
Definition
60% absorption in 60 minutes
90% absorption in 90 minutes |
|
|
Term
| How can you decrease absorption of alcohol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is alcohol mainly absorbed? |
|
Definition
Proximal small intestine
Stomach |
|
|
Term
| What is the distribution of alcohol in the body? |
|
Definition
| All over the body rapidly |
|
|
Term
| What enzymes are in charge of metabolizing alcohol? |
|
Definition
Alcohol dehydrogenase-->Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Microsomal oxidizing enzyme system (mostly in alcoholics.) |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is altered in asian people whose faces get very red? |
|
Definition
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Causes red flushing |
|
|
Term
| How much ethanol can the body eliminate in an hour? |
|
Definition
7-10 grams/hour
Basically, one drink/hour |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat someone who's OD'd on alcohol? |
|
Definition
Watch them!
Prevent respiratory dysfunction
Give them water |
|
|
Term
| What is the best treatment for hangovers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Really, what is the best treatment for a hangover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different kinds of alcohol tolerance? |
|
Definition
Pharmacokinetic: after 1-2 weeks metabolism increases by 20-30%
Pharmacodynamic: the more exposure, the less the brain is effected
Behavior: acquiring skills necessary to function while plastered |
|
|
Term
| What happens when the brain becomes dependent on a substance? |
|
Definition
| Homeostasis is reset: the brain now needs the drug to maintain homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? |
|
Definition
Cravings
Tremors
ANS dysfunction
Insomnia
Anxiety |
|
|
Term
| How long does alcohol withdrawal last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment alcohol withdrawal? |
|
Definition
Restore ions, thiamine
Suppress symptoms with BZDs
Don't give antipsychotics |
|
|
Term
| What horrid complication happens if mothers drink during the first trimester? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some drugs that you can give people to help with alcohol abuse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of disuliram? |
|
Definition
inhibitof of ALDH
Causes baaadd symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of naltrexone? |
|
Definition
Opoid antagonist
Reduces craving |
|
|
Term
| What shouldn't you use alcohol for? |
|
Definition
Sleep
Sexual performance
Relaxant
Diuretic
Cure for a cold |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses of alcohol? |
|
Definition
bactericide
Antidote for antifreeze, methanol posoning
Destruction of nerve tissue |
|
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