Term
| What are the two types of fungi and their associated families? |
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Definition
Lower Fungi: Chytridomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota
Higher fungi: Ascomycota, basidiomycota |
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Term
| What are the life styles of fungi? |
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Definition
| Saprophytes, parasites and mutualistic symbionts |
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Term
| What are the two types of fungal mutualistic symbionts? |
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Definition
Lichens (with green algae or cyanobacteria)
Mycorrhizae (with plants) |
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Term
What are the three types of symbiosis?
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Definition
| Parasitism, commensalism and mutualism |
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Term
| How do lichen/fungus symbiosis exchange nutrients? |
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Definition
| fungal hyphae form a structure that invaginates algal cell, nutrients are transferred across intercullular matrix |
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Term
| What are the two kinds of mycorrhiza and how do they interact |
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Definition
Ectomycorrhizae: forms an external sheath on root surface
Endomycorrhizae: no external sheath; internal intracellular associations |
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Term
| What is the name of the dense sheath of fungal cells that surround ectomycorrhizal roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyphae penetrate plant cells in ectomycorrhiza, true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the tree and the fungus get out of an ectomycorrhizal association? |
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Definition
Tree: > mineral and water uptake
Fungus: Soluble carbohydrates |
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Term
| What type of mycorrhizal fungus invades deeply into the root? |
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Definition
| Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae |
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Term
| How do endomyccorhiza penetrate plant roots? What forms in the cells? |
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Definition
Cellulytic enzymes
Globular vesicles and branched hyphae (arbuscules) form in plant cells. Vesicles thicken (storage and survival organs) and arbuscules transfer phosphate from soil to roots) |
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Term
| What benefits do vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza have to plants? |
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Definition
Enhance water, phosphate and other mineral uptake.
Also favour plant growth in poor soils by increasing absorptive surface |
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Term
| Why are saprophytics fungi vital? |
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Definition
| Can decompose cellulose and lignin, also cause plant diseases (control) |
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