Term
| Data storage hierarchy (pg. 409) |
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Definition
| Consists of the levels of data stored in a computer database: bits, characters (bytes), fields, records, and files. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of data consisting of one or more characters (bytes) |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of related fields |
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Term
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Definition
| Files containing software instructions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A method of removing repetitive elements from a file so that the file requires less storage space and therefore less time to transmit |
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Term
| Database management system (DBMS) (pg. 414) (database manager) |
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Definition
| Software written specifically to control the structure of a database and access to the data |
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Term
| Data dictionary (pg. 415) (repository) |
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Definition
| A document or file that stores the data definitions and descriptions of the structure of data used in the database |
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Term
| Report generator (pg. 416) |
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Definition
| A program for producing an on-screen or printed document from all or part of a database |
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Term
| Hierarchal database (pg. 417) |
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Definition
| Fields or records are arranged in related groups resembling a family tree, with child (lower-level) records subordinate to parent (higher-level) records |
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Term
| Network database (pg. 418) |
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Definition
| Similar to a hierarchal database, but each child record can have more than one parent record |
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Term
| Structured query language (SQL) (pg. 420) (pronounced “sequel”) |
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Definition
| The standard query language used to create, modify, maintain, and query relational databases |
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Term
| Query by example (QBE) (pg. 420) |
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Definition
| The user asks for information in a database by using a sample record form, or table, to define the qualifications he or she wants for selected records |
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Term
| Object-oriented database (pg. 422) |
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Definition
| Uses “objects,” software written in small, reusable chunks, as elements within database files |
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Term
| Multidimensional database (MDA) (pg. 423) |
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Definition
| Models data as facts, dimensions, or numerical measures for use in the interactive analysis or large amounts of data for decision-making purposes |
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Term
| Data mining (DM) (pg. 424) |
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Definition
| The computer-assisted process of sifting through and analyzing vast amounts of data in order to extract hidden patterns and meaning and to discover new knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| A special database of cleaned up data and meta-data |
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Term
| Business-to-business (B2B) system (pg. 430) |
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Definition
| A business sells to other businesses, using the internet or a private network to cut transaction costs and increase efficiencies |
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Term
| Business-to-consumer (B2C) system (pg. 431) |
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Definition
| A business sells goods or services to consumers, or members of the general public |
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Term
| Management information system (MIS) (pg. 436) |
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Definition
| A computer-based information system that uses data recorded by a TPS as input into programs that produce routine reports as output |
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Term
| Decision support system (DSS) (pg. 437) |
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Definition
| A computer-based information system that provides a flexible tool for analysis and helps managers focus on the future |
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Term
| Executive support system (ESS) |
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Definition
| An easy-to-use DSS made especially for strategic managers; it specifically supports strategic decision making |
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Term
| Expert system (pg. 439) (knowledge-based system) |
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Definition
| A set of interactive computer programs that helps users solve problems that would otherwise require the assistance of a human expert |
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Term
| Artificial intelligence (AI) (pg. 440) |
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Definition
| A group of related technologies used for developing machines to emulate human qualities, such as learning, reasoning, communicating, seeing, and hearing |
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Term
| Natural language processing (pg. 442) |
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Definition
| The study of ways for computers to recognize and understand human language |
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Term
| Intelligent agent (pg. 442) |
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Definition
| A form of software with built-in intelligence that monitors work patterns, asks questions, and performs work tasks on your behalf |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of dealing with imprecise and uncertainty, with problems that have many answers rather than one |
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Term
| Why are Social Security numbers often used as a “key” field? (pg. 411) |
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Definition
| They are a unique identifier |
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Term
| How does a DBMS increase security? (pg. 414) |
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Definition
| Access to specific information can be limited to selected users |
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Term
| What is a data dictionary? (pgs. 415-416) |
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Definition
| (Repository) A document or file that stores the data definitions and descriptions of the structure of data used in the database |
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Term
| What are the chief responsibilities of a database administrator? (pg. 416) |
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Definition
| Coordinates all related activities and needs for an organization’s database (ensures the database’s recoverability, integrity, security, availability, reliability, and performance) |
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Term
| Identify the five database models. (pg. 416) |
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Definition
Hierarchal
Network
Relational
Object-oriented
Multidimensional |
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Term
| Explain how a relational database operates. (pg. 420) |
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Definition
| It relates, or connects, data in different files through the use of a key, or common data element. Whereas in the hierarchal and network database models data is arranged according to physical address, in the relational model data is arranged logically, by content. |
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Term
| Describe the steps used in preparing data for a data warehouse (pgs. 424-425) |
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Definition
1. Data sources
2. Data fusion & cleansing
3. Data & meta-data
4. Data transport to the data warehouse |
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Term
| Contrast the three types of e-commerce systems. (pgs. 430-431) |
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Definition
Business-to-business (B2B) systems: A business sells to other businesses, using the internet or a private network to cut transaction costs and increase efficiencies
Business-to-consumer (B2C) systems: A business sells goods or services to consumers, or members of the general public
Consumers-to-consumers (C2C) systems: Consumers sell goods or services directly to other consumers |
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Term
| Identify the six departments and three management levels through which information flows. (pgs. 432-434) |
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Definition
Research and development (R&D)
Production (operations)
Marketing and sales
Accounting and finance
Human resources (personnel)
Information systems (IS)
Top management: unstructured decisions (Strategic-level management)
Middle management: semistructured decisions (Tactical-level management)
Lower management: structured decisions (Operational-level management) |
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Term
| Briefly distinguish between the six computer-based information systems. (pgs. 435-439) |
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Definition
Office information systems
Transaction processing systems
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Executive support systems
Expert systems |
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Term
| Explain how a knowledge base and an interference engine are related. (pg. 441) |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the role of intelligent agents in finding information. (pg. 442) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fuzzy logic, and how does it operate? (pg. 443) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is virtual reality? (pg. 443) |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare the weak AI and strong AI approaches to artificial intelligence. (pg. 446) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Turing test? (pgs. 448-449) |
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Definition
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Term
| Summarize the two ethical concerns about the use of databases. (pgs. 450-452) |
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Definition
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