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Details

AIT
Chapter 10: Systems Analysis & Programming // Software Development, Programming, & Languages
45
Computer Science
Professional
10/23/2013

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Cards

Term
Algorithm (pg. 507)
Definition
A formula or set of steps for solving a particular problem
Term
Structured programming (pg. 508)
Definition
Takes a top-down approach that breaks programs into modular forms
Term
Top-down program design (pg. 508)
Definition
Proceeds by identifying the top element, or module, or a program and then breaking it down in hierarchal fashion to the lowest level of detail
Term
Module (pg. 508)
Definition
A processing step of a program. Each module is made up of logically related program statements.
Term
Pseudocode (pg. 508)
Definition
A method of designing a program using normal human-language statements to describe the logic and the processing flow.
Term
Program flowchart (pg. 510)
Definition
A chart that graphically presented the detailed series of steps (algorithm, or logical flow) needed to solve a programming problem
Term
Control structure (pg. 510) (logic structure)
Definition
A structure that controls the logical sequence in which computer program instructions are executed. In structured program design, three control structures are used to form the logic of a program: sequence, selection, and iteration (or loop).
Term
Programming language (pg. 513)
Definition
A set of rules that tells the computer what operations to do
Term
Syntax (pg. 513)
Definition
The rules of the programming language
Term
Program testing (pg. 514)
Definition
Involves running various tests and then running real-world data to make sure the program works
Term
Desk-checking (pg. 514)
Definition
Simply reading through, or checking, the program to make sure that it’s free of errors and that the logic works
Term
Debug (pg. 514)
Definition
Means to detect, locate, and remove all errors in a computer program
Term
Syntax error (pg. 514)
Definition
Caused by typographical errors and incorrect use of the programming language
Term
Logic error (pg. 514)
Definition
Caused by incorrect use of control structures
Term
Assembly language (pg. 517)
Definition
A low-level programming language that allows a programmer to write a program using abbreviations or more easily remembered words instead of numbers
Term
Language translator (pg. 518)
Definition
A type of system software that translates a program written in a second-, third-, or higher-generation language into machine language
Term
Assembler (pg. 518) (assembler program)
Definition
A program that translates the assembly-language program into machine language
Term
High-level language, or procedure-oriented language (pg. 519) (procedural/object-oriented language)
Definition
Resembles some human language such as English
Term
Compiler (pg. 519)
Definition
A language-translator program that converts the entire program of a high-level language into machine language before the computer executes the program
Term
Interpreter (pg. 519)
Definition
A language-translator program that converts each procedural language statement into machine language and executes it immediately, statement by statement
Term
Very high level language, or problem-oriented language (4GL) (pg. 520) (nonprocedural languages)
Definition
Are much more user-oriented and allow users to develop programs with fewer commands compared with procedural languages
Term
Natural language (pg. 522)
Definition
Two types; The first comprises ordinary human languages: English, Spanish, and so on. The second type comprises programming languages that use human language to give people a more natural connection with computers.
Term
Object-oriented programming (OOP) (pg. 526)
Definition
Data and the instructions for processing that data are combined into a self-sufficient “object” that can be used in other programs
Term
Visual programming (pg. 528)
Definition
A method of creating programs in which the programmer makes connections between objects by drawing, pointing, and clicking on diagrams and icons and by interacting with flowcharts
Term
Markup language (pg. 528)
Definition
A kind of coding, or “tags,” inserted into text that embeds details about the structure and appearance of the text
Term
Script (pg. 529)
Definition
A short list of self-executing commands embedded in a web page that perform a specific function or routine
Term
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), or Virtual Reality Markup Language (pg. 529)
Definition
A type of programming language used to create three-dimensional web pages including interactive animation
Term
Javascript (pg. 530)
Definition
A popular object-oriented scripting language that is widely supported in web browsers. It adds interactive functions to HTML pages.
Term
ActiveX (pg. 531)
Definition
A set of rules, or reusable components, that enable programs or content of almost any type to be embedded within a web page
Term
Perl (Practical Extraction and Report Language) (pg. 531)
Definition
a general-purpose programming language developed for text manipulation and now used for web development, network programming, system administration, GUI development, and other tasks
Term
What is a program? (pg. 505)
Definition
Term
What are the five steps in programming? (pg. 506)
Definition
Term
How was the concept of modularization (using subroutines) made programming easier? (pg. 508)
Definition
Term
Identify and briefly describe the three control structures in structured program design. (pgs. 510-513)
Definition
Term
What is a programming language? (pg. 513)
Definition
Term
Describe the necessity of user, operator, and programmer documentation. (pgs. 514-515)
Definition
Term
No matter what generation they belong to, what must all programming languages have in common? (pgs. 516-517)
Definition
Term
Describe the role of compilers and interpreters. (pg. 519)
Definition
Term
What is natural language? (pg. 522)
Definition
Term
How does the purpose of the computer program influence the selection of third-generation programming language? (pgs. 522-525)
Definition
Term
What is an object, and what is its significance to programming? (pg. 526)
Definition
Term
Describe three basic concepts of OOP. (pg. 526-527)
Definition
Term
How does C++ differ from C? (pg. 527)
Definition
Term
How does Java differ from HTML? (pg. 527)
Definition
Term
Contrast HTML and VRML programming. (pgs. 529-530)
Definition
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