Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AIT
Chapter 3: Software // Tools for Productivity & Creativity
53
Computer Science
Professional
08/27/2013
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Computer Science Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Operating system (OS) (pg. 119): (software platform)
 Definition
Consists of the low-level, master system of programs that manage the basic operations of the computer
Term
Booting (pg. 120)
 Definition
The process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory
Term
Device driver (pg. 124)
 Definition
Specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system
Term
User interface (pg. 127)
 Definition
The user-controllable display screen that allows you to communicate, or interact, with the computer.
Term
Macro (pg. 128): (keyboard shortcut)
 Definition
A single keystroke or command- or a series of keystrokes or commands- used to automatically issue a longer, predetermined series of keystrokes or commands
Term
Graphical user interface (GUI) (pg. 130)
 Definition
Allows you to use a mouse or keystrokes to select icons (little symbols) and commands from menus (lists of activities)
Term
Platform (pg. 135)
 Definition
The particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based
Term
DOS (pg. 135): (Disk Operating System)
 Definition
Was the original operating system produced by Microsoft and had a hard-to-use command-driven user interface
Term
Mac OS (pg. 136)
 Definition
Runs only on Apple Macintosh computers, set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces
Term
Windows XP (pg. 137)
 Definition
Introduced in 2001, combines elements of Windows networking software and Windows Me with a new GUI
Term
NetWare (pg. 139)
 Definition
Has long been a popular network operating system for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs) throughout a company or a campus
Term
Windows NT and 2000 (pg. 139)
 Definition
The company’s multitasking operating system designed to run on network servers in businesses of all sizes
Term
Unix (pg. 141)
 Definition
A proprietary multitasking operating system for multiple users that has built-in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers
Term
Linux (pg. 142)
 Definition
A free (non-proprietary) version of Unix, and its continual improvements result from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer programmers
Term
Open-source software (pg. 142)
 Definition
Meaning any programmer can download it from the internet for free and modify it with suggested improvements
Term
Public-domain software (pg. 146)
 Definition
Is not protected by copyright and thus may be duplicated by anyone at will.
Term
Shareware (pg. 146)
 Definition
Copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge but requires that users make a monetary contribution, or pay a registration fee, to continue using it
Term
Freeware (pg. 146)
 Definition
Copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge
Term
Rentalware (pg. 147)
 Definition
Software that users lease for a free and download whenever they want it
Term
Productivity software (pg. 148)
 Definition
Software such as word processing programs, spreadsheets, and database managers whose purpose is to make users more productive at particular tasks
Term
Analytical graphics (pgs. 158-159): (business graphics)
 Definition
Graphical forms that make numeric data easier to analyze than it is when organized as rows and columns of numbers
Term
Database (pg. 159)
 Definition
A collection of interrelated files in a computer system
Term
Relational database (pg. 160)
 Definition
Data is organized into related tables
Term
Key; or key field, sort key, index, or keyword (pg. 160)
 Definition
A field used to sort data
Term
Personal information manager (PIM) (pg. 162)
 Definition
Software that helps you keep track of and manage information you use on a daily basis, such as addresses, telephone numbers, appointments, to-do lists, and miscellaneous notes
Term
Presentation graphics software (pg. 164)
 Definition
Uses graphics, animation, sound, and data or information to make visual presentations
Term
Desktop publishing (DTP) software (pg. 168)
 Definition
Involves mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
Term
Multimedia authoring software (pg. 173)
 Definition
Combines text, graphics, video, animation and sound in an integrated way to create stand-alone multimedia applications
Term
Web page design software (pg. 173)
 Definition
Used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features
Term
Project management software (pg. 174)
 Definition
A program used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources required to complete a project on time
Term
Computer-aided design (CAD) (pg. 175)
 Definition
Programs intended for the design of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and maps
Term
1. List the three components of system software. (pg. 119)
 Definition
 Operating systems
 Device drivers
 Utility programs
Term
2. Describe what occurs during the process of booting a computer. (pg. 120)
 Definition
 Booting is the process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory.
Term
3. How does an operating system manage memory? (pg. 121)
 Definition
 It keeps track of the locations within main memory where the programs and data are stored.
Term
4. What is the purpose of utility programs? (pg. 124)
 Definition
 Enhance existing functions or provide services not supplied by other system software programs
Term
5. What components of the graphical user interface (GUI) interact with the mouse and keyboard to provide user functionality? (pgs. 130-132)
 Definition
 Desktop
 Icons and rollovers
 Menus
 Title bar
 Menu bar
 Toolbar
 Taskbar
 Windows
Term
6. Distinguish between MS-DOS and Mac OS. (pgs. 135-136)
 Definition
 MS-DOS was the original operating system produced by Microsoft. It had a hard-to-use command-driven user interface. Mac OS runs only on Apple Macintosh computers, and set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces.
Term
7. Explain how plug and play simplifies hardware installation. (pg. 137)
 Definition
 Plug and play allows a computer to automatically configure a new hardware component that is added to it.
Term
8. How does the purpose of Windows XP or Windows Vista differ from the purpose of Windows NT or Windows 200/2003? (pg. 139)
 Definition
 Windows NT and Windows 200/2003 are Microsoft’s multitasking operating systems designed to run on network servers in businesses of all sizes. On the other hand, Windows XP and Windows Vista are primarily used on personal computers for basic functions such as checking email, surfing the web, and word processing.
Term
9. In what circumstances is Novell Netware an appropriate operating system? (pg. 139)
 Definition
 In a company or campus setting
Term
10. What feature does Unix offer that distinguishes it from other operating systems? (pg. 141)
 Definition
 Unix can run on all kinds of computers.
Term
11. In what ways might Linux be superior to Windows? (pg. 142)
 Definition
 Linux has the largest number of user interface types and it can be used as a server or desktop PC OS
Term
12. What are the differences in the distribution of commercial software, public-domain software, shareware, freeware, and rentalware? (pg. 145-147)
 Definition
 Commercial software: Offered for sale
 Public-domain software: Not protected by copyright and thus may be duplicated by anyone at will
 Shareware: Copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge but requires that users make a monetary contribution, or pay a registration fee
 Freeware: Copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge
 Rentalware: Software that users lease for a fee and download whenever they want it
Term
13. What are five classifications of application software based on how it is used? (pg. 148)
 Definition
 Entertainment
 Personal
 Educational/Reference
 Productivity
 Specialty
Term
14. How can document templates and wizards increase productivity? (pg. 153)
 Definition
 A template is a preformatted document that provides basic tools for shaping a final document.
 A wizard is an interactive computer utility program that acts as an interface to lead the user through a task by using dialog steps to ask questions.
Term
15. Why have spreadsheets become so popular? (pg. 158)
 Definition
 Spreadsheets are versatile and allow a user to keep track of complex data.
Term
16. What would be a good use for database software in a typical small insurance agency? (pg. 160)
 Definition
 Keeping track of employee/customer records
Term
17. Contrast analytical graphics software with presentation graphics. (pgs. 158-159, 164)
 Definition
 Analytical graphics software is used to create graphical representations of numerical data in order to simplify analysis.
 Presentation graphics software is used to uses graphics, animation, sound, and data or information to make visual presentations.
Term
18. Describe the features of financial software. (pgs. 167-168)
 Definition
 Tracking of income and expenses
 Checkbook management
 Reporting
 Income tax
 Other: financial-planning and portfolio-management features
Term
19. How does desktop publishing software differ from word processing software? (pg. 169-179)
 Definition
 Desktop publishing software is a mix of text and graphics with varied type and layout styles that may use files from other programs. Word processing is used to create documents.
Term
20. How does multimedia authoring software differ from web page design software? (pg. 173)
 Definition
 Multimedia authoring software combines text, graphics, video, animation, and sound in an integrated way to create stand-alone multimedia applications. Web page design software is used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features.
Term
21. What are the functions of project management software? (pg. 174-175)
 Definition
 A program used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and recourses required to complete a project on time.
Term
22. What advantages does a CAD program offer over a drawing program? (pg. 175)
 Definition
 They provide precise dimensioning and positioning of the elements being drawn, so they can be transferred later to computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!