Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Airway and Breathing
National Registry Review
34
Health Care
Professional
10/22/2010

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Cards

Term
Bicarbonate
Definition
HCO3
Term
Carbonic Acid
Definition
H2CO3
Term
torr
Definition
Term used to depict the psi of gas
Term
The far right side of phase III.
Definition
Where is true end-tidal CO2 found on normal anagram waveform?
Term
35-45 mm hg
Definition
Normal range of end-tadal CO2
Term
The amount of CO2 will generally be lower than normal.
Definition
How will the CO2 present in a patient experiencing a "low flow" condition such as during cardiac arrest?
Term
4
Definition
How many phases in wave form capnography?
Term
Baseline phase-represents the end of inspiration.
Definition
Phase 1 of waveform capnography:
Term
Beginning of expiration.
Definition
Phase II of waveform capnography:
Term
The alveolar plateau- the far right represents end-tidal CO2.
Definition
Phase III of waveform capnography:
Term
Inspiratory Phase
Definition
Phase IV of waveform capnography:
Term
15G Hemoglobin/100ml Blood
Definition
Hemoglobin/blood ratio
Term
85%
Definition
Blood oxygen saturation usually drops below this amount before cyanosis is detected:
Term
Hypoxia, Drugs, Infections, Neurological diseases, Tumors, and Toxic inhalations
Definition
Causes of respiratory depression:
Term
Flail chest, Traumatic Asphyxia, Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Penetrating Trauma
Definition
injuries that can cause respiratory depression:
Term
Hypercapnic failure- from increased arterial tension due to high carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Oxygenation failure- Characterized by hyperventilation with an inability to take in adequate amounts of oxygen into the lungs.
Definition
The two types of respiratory failure:
Term
Respiratory center depression

Brainstem lesions

CNS depression due to drug use
Definition
Three reasons associated with decreased tidal volume and rate:
Term
Amount of additional air that may be drawn into the lungs forcibly after normal inhalation.
Definition
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Term
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation.
Definition
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Term
Total volume drawn into lungs with a non-forced breath (VT) plus the total that can be forcibly drawn into the lungs.

IC = VT + IRV
Definition
What is inspiratory capacity?
Term
The amount of air that always remains in the lungs after a maximal, forced exhalation.
Definition
What is residual volume?
Term
asthma

emphysema

bronchial obstruction
Definition
Three causes of increased residual volume (RV):
Term
150 ml
Definition
Amount of dead space in airway:
Term
350 ml
Definition
Amount of air that takes place in gas exchange:
Term
eupnea
Definition
Term used to describe normal breathing:
Term
tachypnea
Definition
Term describing an increased respiratory rate:
Term
Fever

Pneumonia

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

respiratory insufficiency

aspirin

Lesions to respiratory center of the brain
Definition
Causes of tachypnea:
Term
Fever can cause an increase of around 4 breaths per minute for each degree of temperature rise.
Definition
How does fever affect rate of respiration?
Term
bradypnea
Definition
Term to describe slower than normal respirations:
Term
Narcotics

Sedatives

Tumors

Alcohol

Metabolic disorders

Respiratory Center Decompensation

Fatigue

Brain injury
Definition
Causes of bradypnea:
Term
apnea
Definition
Term for absence of respirations:
Term
Biots is irregular and Cheynes Stokes is regular
Definition
Difference of Biot's and Cheynes Stokes respiratory patterns:
Term
Severe acidotic states
Definition
Kussmaul's is brought on by what condition?
Term
Very deep, rapid respiratory rates of 40-60 per minute brought on by midbrain lesions or dysfunction, usually in comatose patients with a GCS less than 8
Definition
What is central neurogenic hyperventilation?
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