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| What was our guest speaker's name? |
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| no. unless you put a condom on it. they are porous |
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| don't protect against infection |
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| Infertility Prevention Project |
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| What is the most prevalent STI at OSU? |
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| Male Advocates For Responsible Sexuality |
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In 2008: 25.7% had no sexual partners & 50.6% had just 1 sexual partner.
In 2010: 28.4% had no sexual partners and 44% had just 1 sexual partner |
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| How fast does semen travel? |
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| What year was the AIDS virus discovered? |
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| There has never been a successful vaccine against a retrovirus. And most would be possibly too dangerous to test. |
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| What is Bob Massey referred to as? |
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Definition
| A Long-term Non-Progressor. His viral load shows antibodies of HIV in his blood, but is not rapidly replicating like usual. His viral load is undetectable and his immune system seems to be effectively fighting off the virus. |
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| Why does the immune system usually fail to notice the invasion of the retrovirus? |
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Definition
| The retrovirus overwhelms the T-cell so quickly that it can not alert killer cells. In Massey's case however, somehow his helper cells WERE generating a helper cell response. |
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| What is the best way in this country to combat AIDS? |
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Definition
| A cocktail of medications and drugs to keep virus at bay. |
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| What are some long term effects that can occur from taking these cocktail drugs? |
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Definition
-Fail to work at all
-cause internal organ failure
-can cause diabetes and other diseases
-are incredibly expensive |
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| What is the name of the 'other' docking cell? |
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Definition
| CCR5. It's a protein and its produced by genes. |
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
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| What does AIDS stand for? |
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| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
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| Retroviruses are viruses that.. |
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Definition
Contain RNA. Which is much more unstable than DNA.
Require a human cell to make DNA copy from their RNA
Contain the enzyme "Reverse Transcriptase" (RT) Very error prone which causes the virus to mutate rapidly |
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| What is Reverse Transcriptase? |
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Definition
| A very versatile gene that is responsible for copying viral RNA to DNA form. It Converts RNA to DNA and DNA to DNA. It opens hole in human DNA and inserts viral DNA which is then sealed into the human DNA. HIV virus mutates rapidly. |
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| What is the cell that the virus attaches to called? |
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| What are the steps in HIV infection of T-cell? |
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Definition
1) Attachment to lymphocyte (WBC)
2) Reverse Transcription
3) Integration
4) Host cell DNA replication
5) Assembly and budding |
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| How does the virus attach to the T-cell? |
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Definition
| By attaching to both a CD4 receptor and a CCR5. It them fuses with the cell membrane and the virus empties its contents into the cell. |
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| What happens in the Reverse Transcriptase step? |
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Definition
| The retrovirus uses its viral RNA as a "template" and makes a single-stranded DNA copy. This is necessary because only DNA can permeate into a nucleus. Highly error-prone |
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| What happens in the Integration step? |
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Definition
| HIV viral DNA inserts itself into the host cell's DNA. The retrovirus open's the T-cell's DNA and inserts its own DNA and seals the hole. |
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Term
| What happens during the Transcription/Translation step? |
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Definition
| The t-cell transcribes the viral DNA along with its own. Then the cell produces viral proteins along with its own. All viral proteins required for HIV virus are now replicated and ready to re-assemble into new viral daughter cells. |
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Term
| What happens during the Assembly and Budding step? |
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Definition
| Viral proteins reassemble into new viral particles. The viruses then bud off from the host cell and, while bringing some of the hosts surface proteins with it, go infect other t-cells. 10 million viral "daughters" produced per T-cell. |
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| What happens to the T-cell after viral particles depart? |
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Definition
| Still uncertain. It could either continue on infecting or commit cellular suicide (apoptosis) |
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| What occurs during the acute phase of HIV infection? |
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Definition
| May experience fever, fatigue, rash, headache, sore throat, muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes a few weeks after infection. Viral levels are extremely high. Lasts about 1-2 weeks. Your immune system is actively fighting the infection at this point. |
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| What happens in the Asymptotic Phase> |
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Definition
| Often no symptoms at all may occur. HIV continues to replicate, and immune system continues to try to fight infection, but is slowly being destroyed. Can last a few years to more than a decade. |
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| What happens during the Chronic Symptomatic HIV Disease Phase? |
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Definition
| Immune system is severely hampered, and T-cell counts falling. The patient is now assaulted by "opportunistic" infections. Some symptoms include: night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, rash, fatigue, vaginal yeast infections, thrush. |
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| What happens during Advanced HIV Disease (full blown AIDS) phase? |
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Definition
| Immune system is profoundly dysfunctional. T-cell count is below 200/ml blood. Cancer and severe opportunistic infections. Patient is severely debilitated and cant fight off any kind of cellular dysfunction. |
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Term
| What is the time called between the time you get infected and the time antibodies appear? |
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Definition
| The window period or the lag phase. Can last from 2-3 weeks and 2-3 months. |
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