Term
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Definition
| Opened the lands of the Public Domain to settlers for a nominal fee and five years residence. (1862) |
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Term
| New York State Tenement House Law |
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Definition
| The legislative basis for the revision of citycodes that outlawed tenements such as the "Dumbbell Tenement." Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer. (1901) |
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Term
| Nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted |
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Definition
| By New York City Board of Estimates under the leadership of George McAneny and Edward Bassett, known as the "Father of Zoning." (1916) |
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Term
| U.S. Housing Corporation and Emergency Fleet Corporation established. |
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Definition
| Influenced later endeavors in public housing. Operated at major shipping centers to provide housing for World War I workers. (1918) |
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Term
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Definition
| It begins with a spate of counter-depression measures. (1933) |
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Term
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Definition
| Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages. (1934) |
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Term
| U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) |
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Definition
| Set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing. Tied slum clearance to public housing. (1937) |
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Term
| Serviceman's Readjustment Act ("G.I. Bill") |
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Definition
| Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms, thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs. (1944) |
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Term
| Housing and Home Financing Agency (predecessor of HUD) |
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Definition
| Created to coordinate federal government's various housing programs. (1947) |
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Term
| Housing Act (Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill) |
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Definition
| First U.S. comprehensive housing legislation. Aimed to construct about 800,000 units. Inaugurated urban redevelopment program. (1949) |
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Term
| The Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act |
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Definition
| Launched the "model cities" program, an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty. A centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" program. (1966) |
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Term
| Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas |
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Definition
| The US Supreme Court rules that limiting residents of housing units to related individuals was a legitimate use of the police power, eliminating many fundamental civil rights challenges to local regulations. Ordinance regulating definition of family and number of family members. This is a legitimate goal of zoning. (1974) |
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Term
| Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel |
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Definition
| The New Jersey Supreme Court rules that the local zoning ordinance was unconstitutional where it conflicted with state defined fair housing practices. Court held that the zoning ordinance, which effectively deprived adequate housing for the poor and discriminated against them, was unconstitutional and invalid (1975) |
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Term
| Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. |
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Definition
| In another equal protection case, the US Supreme Court finds that a regulation effectively denying housing to people based on race, immigration status, or national origin was unconstitutional. Further a regulation effectively denying housing to people based on gender or illegitimacy must substantially advance a legitimate state interest and be passed or enforced with intent to discriminate. (1977) |
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Term
| Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel II (NJ Supreme Court) |
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Definition
| All 567 municipalities in the state must build their "fair share" of affordable housing. A precedent-setting blow against racial segregation. (1983) |
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Term
| Kelo v. City of New London |
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Definition
| The US Supreme Court upholds the decades-old practice of utilizing urban redevelopment and eminent domain for economic development purposes when such actions are backed by a redevelopment plan that underwent a full plan development process. (2005) |
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Term
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Definition
| Built in Manhattan. (1855) |
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Term
| New York Council of Hygiene of the Citizens Association |
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Definition
| Mounted a campaign to raise housing and sanitary standards. (1864) |
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Term
| Debut of the "Dumbbell Tenement" |
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Definition
| A form of multifamily housing widely built in New York until the end of the century and notorious for the poor living conditions it imposed on its denizens (lack of light, air, space). (1879) |
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Term
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Definition
| By Jacob Riis. A powerful stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform. (1890) |
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Term
| New York Committee on the Congestion of Population |
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Definition
| Fostered movement, led by its secretary, Benjamin Marsh, to decentralize New York's dense population. (1907) |
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Term
| Federal Home Loan Bank System |
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Definition
| Established to shore up shaky home financing institutions. (1932) |
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Term
| Home Owners Loan Corporation |
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Definition
| Established to save homeowners facing loss through foreclosure. (1933) |
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Term
| Monograph, The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities |
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Definition
| Homer Hoyt's influential "sector theory" of urban growth appears. (1939) |
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Term
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Definition
| By Martin Anderson indicts then-current urban renewal program as counterproductive to its professed aims of increased low- and middleincome housing supply. With Herbert Gans's The Urban Villagers (1962), a study of the consequences for community life in a Boston West End Italian-American community, contributes to a change in urban policy. (1964) |
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Term
| President Lyndon Johnson declares war on poverty |
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Definition
| In a commencement speech at the University of Michigan. Also urges congressional authorization of many remedial programs, and establishment of a cabinet-level Department of Housing and Community Development (1964) |
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Term
| First regional plan in the nation to allocate low- and moderate-income housing on a "fair share" basis |
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Definition
| The Miami Valley (Ohio) Regional Planning Commission Housing Plan is adopted. (1970) |
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Term
| Demolition of St. Louis's notorious Pruitt-Igoe Project |
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Definition
| Symbolizes a nationwide move away from massive, isolating, high-rise structures to a more humane form of public housing architecture: low-rise, less isolated, dispersed. (1972) |
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