Shared Flashcard Set

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AGS Spring Final Review
Rubenstein Ch 7-13
97
Geography
9th Grade
05/31/2010

Additional Geography Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define nation-state. Why is denmark a good example of a nation-state?
Definition

1.       A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. Denmark is a fairly good example of a European nation-state, because the territory occupied by the Danish ethnicity closely corresponds to the state of Denmark. The Danes have a strong sense of unity and speak all the same language.

Term
Define centripetal force and give 3 examples of centripetal forces in the US
Definition

1.       An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.

Term
Define nationalism
Definition

1.       Loyalty and devotion to a nationality.

Term
Define apartheid. Where did aprtheid occur (country)?
Definition

1.       The physical separation of different races into geographic areas; South Africa.

Term
Define Balkanization and hoe the term is connected to the former Yugoslavia
Definition

1.       The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities as a threat to peace throughout the world, not just in a small area. Rivalries among ethnicities resurfaced in Yugoslavia during the 1980’s after Tito’s death, leading the breakup of the country.

Term
What is the largest ethnic minority group in the United States?
Definition

1.       Hispanics/ Latinos

Term
In which region of the united States would African-Americans be clustered?
Definition

1.       Southeast

Term
In which region of the US would Hispanics be clustered?
Definition

1.       Southwest near the border

Term
According to the US Census Bureau, which group is not considered a race?
Definition
Hispanic
Term
Which US Spepreme court case established the "separate but equal" doctrine?
Definition

1.       Plessy v. Perguson

Term
Define white flight. What are several local examples of white flight?
Definition

1.       The emigration of whites from an area in anticipation of Blacks immigrating into the area. Ex. Westlake

Term
Define blockbusting. how does blockbusting affect neighborhood changes in ethnicity?
Definition
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood
Term
In America, what is shared in a common by all Americans?
Definition
nationality
Term
An area defined as a independent political unit is called a______
Definition
state
Term
Define sovereignty
Definition

1.       Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states

Term
What is the world's largest state? How many time zones does it have?
Definition

1.       Russia; 11 time zones

Term
List 4 characteristics of the Fertile Crescent
Definition

1.       Fertile crescent-shaped area of land; between Persian gulf and Mediterranean sea; territory organized into succession of empires; middle east area

Term
What is the only large land mass not part of a sovereign state?
Definition

1.       Antarctica

Term
Aterritory that is part of another state rather than being completely independent is called a _________
Definition
colony
Term
The world's smallest colony is called
Definition

1.       Pitcain, pressed by UK

Term
The Kurds are an example of a ___________ nation
Definition

1.       Stateless

Term
Define and give a n example of a unitary state
Definition

1.       An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials; France

Term
Name two countries that ate not members of the United Nations
Definition

1.       Taiwan, Vatican City

Term
What is the name of the largest colony by population?
Definition
Puerto Rico
Term
How does terrorism differ from political assasinations?
Definition

1.       Terrorism: attacks target common ordinary people;    Political assassination: attacks target an important political figure/ leader

Term
List all of the More Developed Regions with their HDI
Definition

1.       Anglo America (.94)    Western Europe (.93)    Eastern Europe (.80)   Japan (.94)   South Pacific (.87)

Term
The difference in per capita GDP between MDC and LDCs is ______
Definition
widening
Term
On a North Polar projection map, where do the LDCs appear to be located?
Definition
The periphery
Term
The value of total output of goods and services in a year in a country is its ________________
Definition

1.       Gross domestic product (GDP)

Term
List several examples of primary sector activities
Definition

1.       (agriculture) mining, fishing, foresting

 

Term
LDCs have a higher percentage of workers in the _________ sector, comprared to MDCs
Definition
primary
Term
What types of jobs would you find in the tertiary sector?
Definition

1.       Retailing, banking, law, education, and government

Term
Why are people more productive in more developed contries (MDCs)?
Definition

1.       Access to more machines

Term
List four categories that show a country's level of development
Definition

1.       Life expectancy, infant mortality rate, natural increase rate, crude birth rate, health and welfare, education and literacy rate

Term
How did Japan attempt to develop their country after World War II?
Definition

1.       They industrialized and sold products world wide

Term
Where (specifically) would you find petroleum/oil reserves in the Middle East/ Southwest Asia?
Definition
Saudi Arabia
Term
Agriculture is South Asia (India) each year depends on the ____________ a sesonal rain that comes during the summer.
Definition
Monsoon
Term
According to Rostow's model, the process of development ends when a country reaches _____________
Definition

1.       Age of mass consumption

Term
Define and describe hinting and gathering
Definition

1.       Hunting animals such as fish or gathering plants or seed for food

Term
Define vegetative planting. Where did it begin?
Definition

1.       The reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants such as cutting stems and dividing roots, plants growing in the wild

Term
The first group to bring together seed agriculture with domestication of animals was in which region?
Definition

1.       Inhabitants of southwest Asia

Term
Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?
Definition

1.       Subsidence agriculture; plantation

Term
The largest number of farmers in Asia practice which type of agriculture?
Definition

1.       Intensive subsistence agriculture

Term
Describe the way rice is usually grown in Asia? What type of agriculture is used?
Definition
Wet rice; intensive subsistence; planting rice on a dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedling to a footed field to promote growth
Term
Define transhumance
Definition

1.       The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Term
To increase crop yeilds (production), farmers in southeastern China usually practice ______________
Definition

1.       Double cropping

Term
The most important crop in the US mixed crop and livestock region is corn. What is the second most important crop in the US mixed crop and livestock region?
Definition
soybeans
Term
Winter wheat is planted in the ___________ and winter wheat is harvested in the __________
Definition

1.       Autumn…Winter

Term
What is the most popular form of agriculture in the US Southwest?
Definition

1.       Livestock ranching

Term
In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Definition

1.       Northern England, Southern Scotland, UK

Term
When did the Industrial Revolution beign?
Definition

1.       Late 1700s (1750s)

Term
During the Industrial Revolution, what was the main power source for the steam engines?
Definition
coal
Term
Why was Eastern North America the continent's manufacturing center during the industrial Revolution up until World War II?
Definition

1.       Its early date of settlement gave eastern ethnicities advantage

Term
A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a cpper mine?
Definition

1.       Yes, minimizes transportation costs

Term
Define and give examples of bulk-gaining industries
Definition

1.       An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises of a greater volume than inputs; soft drinks, coca cola

Term
What is the primary reason that car manufacturers select locations for their manufacturing plants?
Definition

1.       They have access to move raw materials and transportation costs are lower

Term
Define a break-of-bulk point
Definition

1.       A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another

Term
List 3 important site factors
Definition
labor, land, and capital
Term
Drink bottling is an example of ____________
Definition

1.       Bulk-gaining industry

Term
What are the differnces between Fordist and Post-Fordist production?
Definition

1.       Fordists assign each worker to do one task repeatedly. Post-Fordists are more flexible

Term
What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits in the world, with over 1,000 miinerals
Definition

1.       Russia (Ural mountains)

Term
Define Central Buisness (CBD)
Definition

1.       The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered

Term
Why are the land values in the CBD so high?
Definition

1.       The eastern part of the city to reach and is the focal point of the transportation network

Term
What type of land use would you most likely find on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a North America CBD?
Definition
retail
Term
What is the type of land use that is not usually included in a North America CBD?
Definition

1.       Manufacturing and residents

Term
Define commuting
Definition

1.       When you have to drive a while to get to work

Term
Residents of rural settlements are more liekly than residents of urban settelments to work in what type of jobs?
Definition

1.       Agriculture, farming/primary

Term
Starting in 2008, most people in the world live in what type of settelment?
Definition
urban
Term
The plantation was a common form of rural settelment in which region of colonial America?
Definition
South/ southeast
Term
Define hinterland
Definition

1.       Area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted too

Term
Define range
Definition

1.       The maximum number of people are willing to travel to use a service

Term
Define threshold
Definition

1.       The minimum number of people needed to support the service

Term
How does the gravity model relate to population and distance?
Definition

1.       The closer the cities, the greater the population, the more likely cities are to interact, the farther the less population, the less likely to interact

Term
What is the geometric pattern that geographers use to represent market areas?
Definition

1.       Hexagon, they fit together, circles don’t

Term
If the largest city had 1,000,000 people, how many people would be in the 2nd largest __________ 3rd largest __________ 4th largest _______ the 5th largest ________
Definition

1.       500000…250000…125000…62500

Term
Define the rank-size and give an example
Definition

1.       A pattern of settlement in a country such that the Nth largest settlement is 1/N the population of the largest settlement

Term
Define primate city and give two examples of primate cities
Definition

1.       The largest settlement in a country if it has more than twice as many people and the second ranking settlement

Term
Define urbanization
Definition

1.       An increase in the percentage and the number of people living in urban settlements

Term
Describe the relationshi[ between urbanization and the industrial Revolution
Definition

1.       Increase in the percentage and the in the number of people living in urban settlements; series of improvements and industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Term
According to the Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to have ______________________________________.
Definition

1.       Tolerance for a variety of view points, specialty services, specialty jobs

Term
Define megapolis and give an example from the US
Definition

1.       Cities that are overlapping great lakes Chicago to Milwaukee

Term
Define filtering
Definition

1.       A process of changing in the use of a house, from single family owner occupancy to abandonment

Term
Define redlining
Definition

1.       A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries

Term
Define blockbusting
Definition

1.       A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices, because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood area

Term
Define the gentrification and give and example from Austin
Definition

1.       A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low income renter occupied area to predominantly middle class owner occupied area; South Congress and The East Side

Term
According to the Fifth Amendment, what are is term for when the government takes land public use and a family is forced to relocate?
Definition

1.       Eminent domain

Term
True or False: The amount of sprawl in the US is greater than the amount of sprawl in the UK
Definition
True
Term
Give three reasons why people in the US choose to move to suburbs
Definition

1.       American dream, more space, safer and cheaper

Term
Where does the largest percentage of the US population live? Urban, suburban, or edge cities?
Definition
Suburban
Term
What does Burgess concentric zone model look like? What is its shape?
Definition

1.       It looks like a target. It is a circle

Term
According to the Hoyt sector model, where iss the best housing located?
Definition

1.       In the middle of middle class residential

Term
What are squatter settelments (slums)? Where are they usually located?
Definition

1.       An area within a city in a less developed country in which people legally establish residence on land they do not own or rent and create man-made structures

Term
True or False: Most urban settelments in the US live in central cities rather than suburbs.
Definition
False
Term
True and False: Urban population world-wide is projected to be larger than rural settelment population for the first time in 2008
Definition
True
Term
Saudi Arabia has large reserves (underground suppiles) of what
Definition
oil
Term
The US has relatively large reserves (underground supplies) of what?
Definition
Coal
Term
Define conservation
Definition

1.       The sustainable use and management of a natural resource, through consuming at a less rapid rate that it can be replaced

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