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Agriculture Foundations Review term 2
Review for the end of term test
141
Agriculture
7th Grade
05/22/2013

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Term
Agriculture has changed
Definition
Strong demand for college graduates, increased salaries and more jobs available
Term
Cyrus McCormick
Definition
Invented the reaper
Term
Anna Baldwin
Definition
Invented the Milking machine
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
Invented the Cotton Gin
Term
John Deere
Definition
Invented the steel plow
Term
Green Revolution
Definition
great advancement in food production in the 1960's
Term
Smith Hughes Act
Definition
National Vocational Education Act
Term
Christopher Columbus
Definition
Brought livestock to the new world on his second voyage 1493
Term
Gregor Mendel
Definition
Provided the foundation for studying heredity
Term
Accidents happen on the farm caused by
Definition
Human error ( long hours and little time off)
Term
NSC (National Safety Council)
Definition
Federal organization who's Main job to keep safety statistics
Term
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Definition
Sets workplace safety standards and enforcement
Term
Right to Know Law
Definition
Workers must be notified of work place hazards
Term
Who do you tell when something breaks in land lab
Definition
The teacher
Term
Metric conversions
Definition
Milligrams (1000) = Centigrams (10)=grams (1)
Term
Uncertainty of decimal numbers
Definition
Last number is rounded and has the most uncertainity
Term
Welding mask
Definition
welding face protection
Term
Goggles
Definition
Using machinery and dealings with acids
Term
Respirator
Definition
Used for applying pesticides or anything that should not be breathed
Term
Gloves
Definition
Anything that is dangerous to hands
Term
cell
Definition
A unit of protoplasmic material with a nucleus
plants have cell walls
Term
cell Theory
Definition
cells are the basic unit of structure in living things
Term
Plant cells contain
Definition
have chloroplasts and cell wall animal cells do not
Term
Animal cells contain
Definition
Pair of centrioles plant cells do not
Term
Both types of cells contain
Definition
nucleus, cell membrane, smooth and rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, cytoplasm, mitochondria etc.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
flow of fluid from an area of high concentration to a lower one
Term
Gamete
Definition
Sex cell (sperm or egg)
Term
Zygote
Definition
fertilized egg
Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition
Movement of DNA or genes from one organism to another
Term
Biotechnology
Definition
Use of cells or components to produce products or processes
Term
cloning
Definition
creating an exact duplicate
Term
Hybridization
Definition
Crossing two different species to achieve a desired result
Term
Inbreeding
Definition
mating related animals
Term
Selective breeding
Definition
mating adults of the same species who have characteristics desired in the offspring
Term
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Definition
A pest control method based on multiple control methods and practices
Term
The purpose of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) Methods
Definition
achieve acceptable pest control using less pesticide reducing environmental damage. Farmers use biological and chemical methods
Term
Biological control
Definition
releasing predatory insects for pest control, use of traps etc. (ex. lady bugs, stingless wasps)
Term
Parasitism
Definition
an organism that lives off another without killing it
Term
commensalism
Definition
organism living together without harming or helping each other
Term
Competition
Definition
Two types of organisms eating the same food
Term
mutalism
Definition
two organism living together for the benefit of both
Term
What does a plant need for photosynthesis?
Definition
CO2, water, light energy captured by the chlorophyll to make sugars
Term
Photosynthesis light independent reaction
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
Xylem
Definition
carries water and nutrients from the roots to leaves
Term
Phloem
Definition
Carries food down from the leaves to the rest of the plant
Term
Insects find pollen by what means?
Definition
Scent from the flower, or pedal color
Term
Propagation
Definition
processes of increasing the number of a species (perpetuating a species)
Term
sexual propagation
Definition
a seed or egg that is fertilized
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
process that uses a part of a plant to create a new one
Term
annual
Definition
plant life cycle that lasts only one growing season
Term
biennial
Definition
plant life cycle that lasts two growing seasons or two years
Term
Perennial
Definition
plant life cycle that lasts from year to year
Term
floriculture
Definition
Production, distribution and arranging cut flowers, potted plants, greenery and flowering herbaceous plants
Term
Male parts of a flower
Definition
stamen (filament, anther and pollen)
Term
Female parts of a flower
Definition
Pistal (includes stigma, style, ovary and ovules
Term
agriscience
Definition
application of scientific principals and technologies to agriculture
Term
getting experience in animal science
Definition
on a farm or ranch
Term
cat
Definition
feline
Term
cow
Definition
bovine
Term
dog
Definition
canine
Term
pig
Definition
swine
Term
Nervous
Definition
central and peripheral systems control the movement and functions of a body
Term
Respiratory
Definition
breathing
Term
digestive
Definition
provides food for the body and its system
Term
urinary
Definition
removes waste material from blood
Term
circulatory
Definition
provides food and oxygen and food to the body
Term
Monogastric
Definition
an animal with a single stomach
Term
Ruminant
Definition
animals that have several stomachs which is used to digest roughage
Term
zoonoses
Definition
diseases that can be spread between animals and humans
Term
fertilizer ratios 6-12-18
15-20-15
Definition
1-2-3
3-4-3
Term
Curved claw hammer
Definition
most common hammer used in agriculture
Term
ball peen hammer
Definition
works metal
Term
sledge hammer
Definition
destruction work
Term
Yearly maintenance
Definition
scheduled maintenance that is done to keep the machine working properly (ex. changing oil)
Term
Preventative maintenance
Definition
things done to prevent problems (ex. checking tire pressure and fluid levels
Term
Changing oil
Definition
use correct oil and change on a cool engine
Term
flooding
Definition
choking an engine too much getting fuel into the combustion chamber
Term
NA or not applicable
Definition
what you mark on an application to show you left a line blank on purpose
Term
During an interview
Definition
look at the person interviewing you
Term
If you don't know an answer to a question during an interview
Definition
say you don't know or you'll look it up
Term
how to handle a complaining coworker
Definition
ignore them and keep working
Term
good personality traits
Definition
on time, dependable, sociable, hardworking and energetic
Term
Bad personality traits
Definition
mean, rude and late
Term
personality traits
Definition
The way a person acts
Term
If there are hazards in the workplace
Definition
An employer must tell employees (Right to Know Law)
Term
resume
Definition
provides an employer with a quick education, work history and other qualifications
Term
cover letter
Definition
introduces you to a potential employer and gives your reasons for applying
Term
If you own your own business
Definition
you can control when you work, how much you work and your future destiny
Term
Main motion
Definition
an item to present a proposal to the group for the first time
Term
Adjourn
Definition
close the meeting
Term
Division of the house
Definition
calls for a counted vote
Term
Refer to committee
Definition
sends an item to a committee for its determination
Term
point of order
Definition
calls attention to a breach of the rules
Term
recess
Definition
take a break in the meeting
Term
one gavel tap
Definition
everyone sit
Term
Two gavel taps
Definition
call to order
Term
Three gavel taps
Definition
everyone stand up
Term
Fermentation
Definition
chemical change that forms gas which is released (ex. cheese, wine, beer, vinegar, pickles)
Term
causes of animal disease
Definition
physiological defects, unsanitary conditions poor pastures
Term
stop disease from spreading
Definition
separate problem animals (1st step build fences)
Term
Animal Welfare Act
Definition
regulated by the USDA
Term
Animal rights
Definition
believe animal have the same rights as humans
Term
Animal welfare
Definition
Believe animals should be use for agricultural purposes but need to be humanely treated (agriculturalists are included in this ideology)
Term
Animals are used in research
Definition
to benefit society in different ways (ex. medical procedures)
Term
Board foot
Definition
a piece of lumber that equals 1" x12" x12" or 144 cu inches
Term
loose clothing
Definition
not worn when operating machinery to keep from getting caught
Term
medical equipment
Definition
can be reused if can be sterlized
Term
before operating equipment
Definition
read the manual, ask permission and make sure the area is clear
Term
Deciduous
Definition
a plant that looses its leaves during winter
Term
Evergreen
Definition
a plant that is green year around
Term
even aged forest
Definition
all trees of the same age or close to it
Term
mixed -aged forest
Definition
trees of different ages best to support wildlife
Term
organic matter in soil
Definition
also called humus made from dead living things create by microbes in the soil
Term
Chemical weathering/erosion
Definition
breaking down of rocks and mineral by chemical means such as acid rain
Term
mechanical weathering/erosion
Definition
breaking down rocks and minerals by physical forces running water, freezing etc.
Term
buying function
Definition
selection of a product or service to be market or sold for a profit
Term
distribution function
Definition
organization and delivery of a product or service
Term
promoting function
Definition
plan to make consumers aware of the product or service
Term
selling function
Definition
market research, sales plans and sales closures
Term
cow-calf operation
Definition
biggest concern rate of production of calves each year
Term
Membrane
Definition
Cell part that forms a protective barrier around the cell
Term
nuclear membrane
Definition
cell part that guards the nucleus
Term
Mitochondrion
Definition
cell part that converts food into usable energy
Term
Ribosome
Definition
cell part responsible for protein manufacture
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
stores and moves proteins
Term
protoplasm
Definition
cell contents
Term
nucleus
Definition
cell area that contains DNA
Term
lysosme
Definition
breaks down proteins,lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and cell remains
Term
golgi body apparatus
Definition
stores and packages lipids
Term
Mitosis
Definition
cell division creating two identical cells
Term
Mitosis
Definition
cell division creating two identical cells
Term
meiosis
Definition
cell division that creates male or female sex cells
Term
gene
Definition
unit of hereditary
Term
Chromosome
Definition
rod like structure that carries genes
Term
Dominant
Definition
A trait that is expressed
Term
recessive
Definition
A trait that is masked
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Gene pair that are identical
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Gene pairs that have different genes
Term
Genotype
Definition
Gene configuration of an animal
Term
Phenotype
Definition
Physical appearance of an animal
Term
Heritability
Definition
Capacity of a trait to be passed from parent to offspring
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