Term
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Definition
| scientific study of aging process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical specialty dealing with diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the elderly. |
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Term
| What are the stereotypes of the elderly that may result in a care provider being ageist? |
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Definition
| elderly are frail, powerless, burdensome, senile, older workers are more productive than younger workers. |
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Term
| What are the four ANA standards of Gerontological Nursing practices? |
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Definition
| The scope of gerontological practice, standards of care and professional performance, specific criteria for defining expectations and competent care, guide to current practice across all settings. |
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Term
| An elderly person adjusting to decreased health and stress would be coping with what life factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| The elderly aging process is stochastic.. this means? |
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Definition
| Process is random and varies to every elderly individual. |
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Term
| What are the three theories in elderly sociological changes? |
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Definition
| disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory. |
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Term
| Joe Shmoe, a 75 year old male, lost his job and is no living at home on his own. He has his daughter buy all his necessities to live. What sociological theory might this person be experiencing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sussie que, a 75 year old female, goes out on hot dates and visits her family every once and awhile. What kind of sociological theory might this person be fulfilling? |
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Definition
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Term
| Franny, an 80 year old female, lives her life the same as she did when she was younger. She attends social activities, visits all of her family, and maintains previous habits on a daily basis. What sociological theory is this person demonstrating? |
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Definition
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Term
| Franny, an 80 year old female, lives her life the same as she did when she was younger. She attends social activities, visits all of her family, and maintains previous habits on a daily basis. What sociological theory is this person demonstrating? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the perfusion aspects of aging? |
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Definition
Cardiac Output Decreased by 40%
Decreased vessel elasticity
Increased Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Decreased Stroke Volume
Increased Blood Pressure,
Reduced sensitivity to baroreceptors (risk for orthostatic changes) |
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Term
| What are the oxygenation aspects of aging? |
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Definition
Lungs larger, more rigid
decrease in alveoli
decreased gas exchange
decreased cough response |
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Term
| What are the nutrition aspects of aging? |
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Definition
decreased peristalsis, absorption
decreased taste and smell
gum atrophy
decreased stomach motility, digestive enzymes
smaller liver |
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Term
| What are the elimination aspects of aging? |
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Definition
urinary- neprons lost, decreased reanl blood flow
decreased GFR
decreased bladder tone, capacity
decreased urge
incontinence is not normal |
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Term
| What are the childbearing aspects of aging? |
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Definition
females- thinner pubic hair, menopause
vagina become smooth and dry, tissue thins, uterus and fallopian tubes atrophy
males- smaller testes
decreased sperm and testosterone production
prostate enlargement
decreased ability to initate maintain erection, weaker ejaculation |
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Term
| what are the mobility aspects of aging? |
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Definition
loss of height
bones more porous and brittle
joint changes- decresed flexibility
kyphosis
degeneration of cartilage
loss of muscle mass |
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Term
| What are the neural regulation aspects of aging? |
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Definition
Slowed reaction time, reflexes
decreased sensation
slowing of thinking and reacting
decreased cerbral blood flow
slow response to heat and cold
sleep changes |
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Term
| What are the sensory perception aspects of aging? |
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Definition
sight- presbyopia, decreased tear production, decreased lens clarity, color discrimination, decreased accomodation
hearing-prebycussis, high frequency loss, eardrum thickens, excessive cerumen
touch- decreased receptors
taste- decreased taste buds, ability to distinguish between bittter, sour, salty |
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Term
| What affect does aging have on skin? |
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Definition
Moisture loss, wrinkles
thinning of epthelial and subcutaneous fat layers
decreased peripheral circulation
hair loss |
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Term
| What is the difference between delirium and dementia? |
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Definition
| Delirium is an acute confusion state, maybe caused by medications, infection, hypoglycemia. Dementia is an irreversible cerebral dysfunction that declines the ability to perform ADLs |
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Term
| What are some factors that influence aging? |
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Definition
| heredity, geographical location, socioeconomic level, occupation, state of health, gender, state of mind |
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Term
| When does the aging process beginWha |
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Definition
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Term
| What does cardiac output equal? |
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Definition
| Stroke volume x Heart rate |
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Term
| What can decreased vessel elasticity result in? |
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Definition
| decreased vessel compliance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Curvature in the thoracic portion of the spine. Looks like person is hunched over. |
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Term
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Definition
| far sighted ( you can see far well, but up close bad) |
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Term
| What are cognitive changes of aging? |
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Definition
| memory slowing, reduced attention span. |
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Term
| What are some health enhancing activities of the elderly? |
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Definition
| low fat, well balanced diet, weight reduction, regular exercise, stress management, remain in contact with people |
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Term
| What is a crisis role change vs. gradual change? |
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Definition
| Crisis involves a sudden incident (death of family member) gradual is a slower adjustment to a change (less strength) |
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Term
| What are gains in the elderly role change? |
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Definition
| grandchildren, family support, community activities, recreational activities, advisory roles, and volunteerism. |
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Term
| What are some health protecting activities for the elderly? |
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Definition
| Vaccines, screenings (BP, cholesterol mammogram, pap smear, prostate, colonoscopy, vision, hearing. depression) reduce smoking and alcohol use. |
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Term
| What does a comprehensive assessment of the older adult consist of? |
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Definition
| Physical, mental/emotional, functional |
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Term
| Presentation of illness in the older adult is often ___________ and __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a mental/cognitive assessment for the elderly consist of? |
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Definition
| LOC, cognitive function (mini-mental exam), psychosocial and family history |
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Term
| What does the functional assessment consist of? |
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Definition
| ADLS, IADLS (what the client can do independently like ability to use telephone), |
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Term
| When should a functional assessment be performed? |
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Definition
| whenever an older client's health status changes |
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Term
| What are common health problems related to perfusion? |
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Definition
| hypertension, heart disease. |
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to oxygenation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to nutrition? |
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Definition
| weight loss/gain and adverse drug effects |
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to elimination? |
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Definition
| incontinence/infection, constipation, adverse drug effects. |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions for elimination health problems? |
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Definition
| increase fluid intake, monitor I&O, encourage regular toileting, laxatives with caution |
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to mobility? |
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Definition
| Osteoporosis, fractures, arthritis |
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Term
| what are some nurse interventions for an elderly patient with mobility health problems? |
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Definition
| encourage activity, promote safety, weightloss |
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to neural regulation? |
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Definition
| CVA (stroke), sleep disturbances. |
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to sensory perception? |
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Definition
| hearing loss, cataracts/glaucoma, senile macular degeneration |
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Term
| What are common health problems within the elderly related to cognition? |
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Definition
| delirium, dementia, depression |
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Term
| what are some nurse interventions for an elderly patient with cognitive health problems? |
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Definition
| adapt communication, facilitate independence, ensure safety |
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Term
| What is the meaning of pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
| how a medication processes in the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) |
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Term
| What is the danger of polypharmacy in the elderly? |
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Definition
| drug-drug reactions, elderly have fewer proteins, smaller kidneys, less cardiac output, recommended doses are for middle aged not for the elderly. |
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Term
| What is the meaning of pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
| how a medication processes in the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) |
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Term
| what are some nurse interventions for an elderly patient with cognitive health problems? |
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Definition
| adapt communication, facilitate independence, ensure safety |
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Term
| What is the danger of taking multiple drugs? |
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Definition
| drug-drug reactions, elderly have fewer proteins, smaller kidneys, less cardiac output, recommended doses are for middle aged not for the elderly, too much of a drug can be toxic |
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Term
| What is the meaning of idiosyncrasy in its relation to medications? |
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Definition
| Unknown reactions to a specific drug. |
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Term
| What is polypharmacy and how does it affect the elderly? |
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Definition
| Person will shop around to get different medications from multiple drug stores. this could increase dangers of drug-drug interactions |
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Term
| What are the steps to improve medication safety in older adults? |
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Definition
| Assess (what drugs how many), plan (identify problems, make solution) Implement (strategies for safe drug use) Evaluate (results of teaching, revise as needed) |
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Term
| What are the different types of elder abuse? |
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Definition
| verbal, physical, psychological, violation of rights, material or financial, neglect |
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Term
| What is the role of the nurse in elder abuse? |
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Definition
| ANY suspicion must be reported. this not only helps the patient but helps the abuser as well. |
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Term
| What are long term care options for the elderly? |
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Definition
Home and community care
Subsidized senior housing
Assisted living
Board and care homes
Continuing Care Retirement
Communities
Nursing Home |
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Term
| What are governmental regulations for long-term care? |
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Definition
| 1991 nursing home reform, minimum data set, resident assessment protocols, maryland minimum data set. |
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Term
| What are the three exemplars of aging? |
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Definition
| Osteoporosis, urinary incontinence, dysphagia |
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Term
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Definition
| bone disease causing porous bone, low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, fragile , fractures |
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Term
| What are signs and symptoms of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| back pain, unknown/sudden fracture |
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Term
| What is the role of hormones in bone? |
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Definition
| regulate osteoclasts and osteoblasts. |
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Term
| Why does osteoporosis affect woman more then men? |
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Definition
| Due to the presence of estrogen and its affect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. |
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Term
| What are unchangeable risk factors of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Gender,age,body size,ethnicity,family history. |
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Term
| What are some osteoporosis risk factors that are changeable? |
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Definition
| Anorexia, calcium and vitamin d intake, medications, lifestyle, smoking, alcohol |
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Term
| What tools do you use to diagnose osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| bone mineral density (BMD), x-ray (for fractures) |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| weight bearing exercise, medication, and nutrition |
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Term
| what are some nursing diagnoses for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| risk for injury, risk for constipation, deficient knowledge |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of patient admission to a nursing home? |
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Definition
| Family's inability to take care of patient's incontinence |
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Term
| What are the six types of urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
| functional (mental/physical impairment), stress (some increase of abdominal pressure) , urge (most common, involuntary loss, strong urge to go but can't control it) , mixed(combination of stress and urge), reflex (impairment to nervous system in which patient can't sense need to go), overflow (bladder does not completely empty and bladder overflows) |
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Term
| What are treatment options for urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
| behavioral techniques, medications, devices, surgeries, briefs |
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Term
| What are nursing risk diagnosis for urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
| risk for falls, deficient knowledge. |
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Term
| What is dysphagia and what can it lead to? |
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Definition
| difficulty swallowing. may lead to aspiration, pneumonia |
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Term
| What are signs and symptoms of dysphagia? |
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Definition
| coughing during meals, hoarse voice following meals, gurgling sounds, drooling, Upper respiratory infection, pneumonia |
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Term
| What are nursing diagnoses for patients with dysphagia? |
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Definition
| Risk for aspirations, imbalanced nutrition:less than body requirements |
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Term
| What are interventions for patients for dysphagia? |
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Definition
| Feed slowly, elevate HOB, oral hygiene, dietary modifications (thickened liquids) |
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