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Aging and Psychological Disorders
Final Exam
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/03/2014

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Cards

Term
Subjective Age Bias
Definition
presence of negative aging stereotypes may account for the fact that most people report that they feel younger than they actually are
Term
Ageism
Definition
discrimination against any person, young or old, based on chronological agee
Term
age effects
Definition
consequences of being a given chronological age
Term
cohort effects
Definition
consequences of having been born in a given year and having grown up during a particular time period with its own unique pressures, problems, challenges and opportunities
Term
time of measurement effects
Definition
confounds that arise because events at an exact point in time can have a specific effect on a variable being studied over time
Term
cross-sectional studies
Definition
investigator compares different age groups at the same moment in time on the variable of interest
Term
longitudinal studies
Definition
researcher selects one cohort and periodically retests it using the same measure over a number of years
Term
selective mortality
Definition
least-able people drop out, leaving a non-representative group of people who are usually healthier than the general population
Term
Dementia
Definition
a general descriptive term for gradual deteoriation of intellectual abilities to the point that social and occupational functions are impaired
Term
Alzheimer's Disease
Definition
The brain tissue deteoriates irreversibly, and death usually occurs 10-12 years after the onset of symptoms. Difficlties in cognition
Term
Plaques
Definition
small, round areas making up the remnants of the lost neurons and b-amyloid, a waxy protein deposit – are scattered throughout the cortex
Term
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Definition
tangled abnormal protein filaments that accumulate within the cell bodies of neurons
Term
Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis
Definition
notion that high education level delays the clinical expression of dementia because the brain develops backup or reserves neural structures as a form of neuroplasticity
Term
Pick's disease
Definition
degenerative disease in which neurons are lost. It is also characterized by the presence of Pick bodies, spherical inclusions within neurons
Term
Hungtington's disease
Definition
caused by a single dominant gene located on chromose 4 and is diagnosed principally by neurologists on the basis of genetic testing. Its major behavioural feature is the presence of writhing movements
Term
Parkinson's disease
Definition
muscle tremors, muscular rigidity, and akinesia (an inability to initiate movement) and can lead to dementia
Term
Vascular Dementia
Definition
now referred to as major or mild neurocognitive disorder. Diagnosed when a patient with dementia has neurological signs, such as weakness in arm or abnormal reflexes, or when brain scans show evidence of cerebrovascular disease
Term
Delirium
Definition
implies being off track or deviating from the usual state; a clouded state of consciousness
Term
Depletion syndrome
Definition
depression without sadness; loss of pleasure, vitality and appetite; hopelessness and somatic symptom; self-blame, guilty, and dysphoric mood
Term
Treatment of Depression in Elderly
Definition
CBT, IPT, ECT, reminscience therapy
Term
sleep apnea
Definition
respiratory disorder in which breathing ceases repeatedly for a period of a few seconds to as long as 2 minutes as the person sleeps. It disrupts normal sleep and can lead to fatigue, muscle aches, and elevation in blood pressure over a period of time
Term
Treatment of Sleep Disorders
Definition
pharmacotherapy, CBT, melatonin
Term
Alternative Living Settings
Definition
a viable alternative to placement in a nursing home for many older adults who require assistance. resemble hotels with separate rooms and suites for the residents, as well as dining rooms and on-site amenities
Term
Guidelines on psychological practice of older adults
Definition
(1) attitudes (2) general knowledge about adult development, aging, and older adults (3) clinical issues (4) assessment (5) intervention, consultation, and other service provision (6) education
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