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| Stable, mature ecological community with little change in the composition of species |
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| group of interacting populations that live in the same geological area at the same time |
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| process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic and biotic factors. |
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| biotic and abiotic factors that restrict the number, distribution, or reproduction of a population within a community |
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| establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present |
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| orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remain after a community of organisms has been removed |
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| organism's ability to survive biotic and abitioc factors. |
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| biome south of the tundra with dense evergreen forests and long, cold, and dry winters |
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| average weather conditions in a specific area, determined by latitude, elevation, ocean currents, and other factors |
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| area with low rainfall, whose annual rate f evaporation exceeds its annual rate perception; can support cacti and some grasses and animals. |
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| biome characterized by fertile soils with a thick cover of grasses. |
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| distance of a point on earth's surface north or south of equator |
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| biome south of the boreal forest characterized by broad-leafed, deciduous trees, well-defined seasons and average yearly rainfall of 75-100inches |
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| hot wet biome with a year-round humidity; contains Earht's most diverse species of plants and animals |
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| biome characterized by grasses and scattered, and herd animals |
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| biomes characterized by deciduous and evergreen trees, has a dry and a wet season |
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| Treeless biome with permanently frozen soil under the surface and average yearly percipitation of 15-25 cm. |
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| atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific place and time. |
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| water-saturated land area that supports aquatic plants |
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| deepest, very cold region of the open ocean |
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| open-ocean zone through which sunlight cannot penetrate |
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| ocean-floor area consisting of sand, silt, and dead organisms |
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| unique, transitional ecosystem that supports diverse species and is formed where fresh and salt water meet |
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| narrow band of of shoreline where the ocean and land meet that is alternately submerged and exposed and is home to constantly changing communities |
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| well lit, open water area of a lake or pond |
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| area of a lake or pond closest to the shore |
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| open ocean zone shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate |
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| tiny marine or freshwater photosynthesis, free floating autographs that serve as food source for many tiny fish |
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| deepest coldest part of the large lake |
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| material deposited by water |
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| water saturated land area |
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