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Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi [image] [image] |
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Established socialist government to redistribute national wealth, sought to spread radical brand of nationalism |
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Nigerian, stationed with British troops in India |
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became president in May 1958, promised self-determination for Algeria. Arranged talks with the rebels that led to independence on July 3, 1962 |
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| led the Gambia to independence in 1965. he remained president until 1994. |
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[image] Captain Yahya Ajj Jammeh |
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| took power after Sir Dawda Jawara. |
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President Abdou Diouf [image] |
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| succeeded Senegal's great independence leader Leopold Sedar Senghor in 1981 |
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[image] Leopold Sedar Senghor |
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| was a great indpeendence leader in 1981. |
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| political activist was asked by African leaders to led them in an indpendence movement. |
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| only Guinea under its nationalist leader, wanted full independence |
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a nationalist leader who had been living in Great Britain, brought his battle for independce home to Kenya. |
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| ANC leader was leading a military operation to press for change in the 1960s. he was jailed on chagres of treason, becoming a symbol of the struggle for freedom in South Africa. |
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| the head of South AFrica's Anglican Church, emerged as a major advocate of nonviolence and interracial reconciliation in the stuggle against apartheid. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 |
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| was Rhodesian Prime Minister |
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| meeting place of the Freedom Charters in 1955 |
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| 1945, 1 of 3 independent states |
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| 1945, 1 of 3 independent states |
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| had Italian colonies in Libya, 1951 |
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| oil was discovered in 1959, went from poor to wealthiest in the world |
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reluctantly granted independence to Morocco and Tunisia in 1956 |
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gained its independence in 1956 |
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| Launched guerrilla warfare for independence in 1954 |
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gained independence in 1956 |
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ruled jointly by Great Britain and Egypt, which had a large non-Muslim African population in its southern part, became independent in 1956 |
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| capital of the Gambia, gained independence in 1965 |
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| was once known as the Gold Coast, became the first African nation south of the Sahara to gain full independence after World War II |
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| Great Britain’s richest colony; traveled an easy road to independence, raising the hopes of other African nations for a smooth transition. |
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| wanted full independence; one of France’s African colonies south of the Sahara |
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| Portugal ruled this southern African country with an iron hand, in 1961 rebel groups waged guerrilla wars against Portugal; after being freed in 1975, the country came under Marxist government that took complete control of their economy |
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| Portugal ruled this southern African country with an iron hand, in 1964 rebel groups waged guerrilla wars against Portugal. Eventually came under Marxist governments that took complete control of the economy |
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| once known as Rhodesia, but won its freedom and was renamed |
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| was independent and was governed by a white minority- most of British and Afrikaner descent- that denied basic freedoms to other minorities and the majority African population |
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| a West African country, Africa’s most populous nation, few Europeans had settled during the period of British colonial rule; won its independence from Great Britain in 1960 |
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| was once known as Belgian Congo in central Africa that was ready for change, Belgian authorities responded slowly to the independence movement and imprisoned nationalist leaders who demanded radical changes, Belgium hastily granted independence in June 1960 |
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in 1970s the Congo was known as this country |
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| was a rich copper-mining province, known as Shaba region, seceded from the new nation (Congo) in July 1960. They settled differences with the central government and finally returned to Congolese rule |
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in 1964, Nyasaland changed to this |
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what Northern Rhodesia became |
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| 3,000 delegates of South Africa adopted this in 1955, they hoped for a democratic nation |
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pride in one’s own nation; desire for independence |
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Black,Red,Yellow, and Green |
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were French settlers, had been coming to Algeria since the 1830s |
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in which a large number of workers pressured the British for independence |
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the nationalist Afrikaners legalized and strengthened a policy of racial separation between blacks and whites |
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[image] Republic of Biafra |
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| in eastern part of Nigeria, in the mid-1960s ethnic conflict drove the Ibo to set up a republic. 2 million died of hunger during the civil war, finally surrendered in January 1970 |
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set up the independent Republic of Biafra |
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the local African ethnic group, regarded this region as their homeland |
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was a political movement for independence was formed and it chose Kenyatta as its president in 1947 |
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what the Europeans called the Kenyans’ underground freedom movement |
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| the European Rhodesians saw new African nations coming into existence in the 1960s; they formed a party called this. The front took control of Rhodesian politics to keep Africans from gaining power |
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| was brought into power in 1948. The nationalist government opposed South Africa’s remaining ties to Great Britain and had a strong belief in its divine right to rule the country |
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| once an Italian colony became an independent monarchy; after the discovery of oil in 1959, it transformed the country from a poor, desert nation into one of the wealthiest in the world. |
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| faced political conflicts and economic hardships after its independence; the most populous West African country, continued to remain under military rule |
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| monitered gorillas in the Virguna Volcano Range for 18 yrs., worked to prevent wars and poaching. |
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| winner of the Nobel Prize in 1986 for Literature |
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led guerrilla forces in late 1996 |
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| was most likely after 1999 to be South Africa's president (was deputy president) |
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[image] President Kenyata |
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| was president of Kenya, died in 1978 |
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| emerged from civil war in 1980 |
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emerged from civil war in 1993 |
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| was greatest challenge to establish government |
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| Had widespread economical and political unrest |
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Virunga Volcano Range [image] [image] |
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| place where Fidele Nshogoza monitered gorillas for 18 years |
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| it's people were placed in refugee camps |
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| was home to seven Hutu refugee camps. now the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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| attracted considerable global attention because of a combination of unique geographic and political characteristics |
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| movement of independence arose in this region |
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was torn by fierce conflicts between rival political and military groups |
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belonged to the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. In 1990s, ethnic tensions led to violent conflicts |
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belonged to the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. Ethnic tensions led to violent conflicts in the 1990s. |
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Drough and civil war also ravaged Ethiopia's neighbor. rival clans fought for control of the government. |
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| moved toward peace and gradually abandoned socialism for free enterprise |
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| moved toward peace and gradually abandoned socialism for free enterprise |
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| East African country, ruled by Great Britain. Won ndependence in 1962, fell prey to ethnic conflicts and brutal military dictatorship |
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| East African country that was ruled by Great Britain. won its independences in 1961, developed a stable government that followed socialist principles. |
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Republic of South Africa [image] |
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the most remarkable achievement was the dismantling of apartheid |
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In July 1966 northern officers and army units staged a coup. |
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Democratic Republic of the Congo [image] |
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Kabila's forces then entered the capital, Kinshasa, where he named himself the new leader and changed the country's name |
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one of Kenya's chief cash crop and major export |
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the deliberate killing of a racial or cultural group |
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groups of people related to one another |
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African National Congress [image] |
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| black nationalist group, peacefully demanded reforms, but the government moved aginst the resistance |
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holiday beased on a traditional African harvest festival |
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| career diplomat from the West African nation of Ghana, 1st African from south of the Sahara to serve in the post |
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| Tanzaia's president in the 1960's |
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Ugandan president in the 1990's, believed Africa had to rely on themselves like they did prior to colonialism |
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| African American poet, gathered 100 African poems into a collection called Poems from Black Africa |
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poet and government offical in Ghana, wrote "My Africa" |
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[image] Leopold Sedar Senghor |
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| president of Jenegal, published poems that expressed his love to Africa, found poetry movement called negritude |
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| a West African grassland area bordering the Sahara, worst occurance of desertification |
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| where the Organization of African Unity was formed (Ethiopia) |
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| west African nation (secretary- general of the United Nations) |
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| Africa's most populous nation, few Europeans had settled during the period of British colonial rule. |
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was ruled by Portugal, 1961 guerrilla warfare against Portugal |
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| was ruled by Portugal, 1964 rebel groups fought against Portugal in guerrilla warfare. |
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Used to be called Rhodesia. won its freedom and was renamed in 1980 |
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independent, was governed by a white minority that withheld freedom from most of the country's population |
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| the basic structure or features of a system or organization |
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[image] International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
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organization that almost all countries in the world work together to promote the common good |
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| not really a bank, its members (dif countries) center their efforts on reaching the millenium development goals |
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| process of fertile land becoming desert |
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an effort to recapture black Africa's past dignity (poetry movement) |
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[image] Kenyatta Conference Center |
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| named after Jomo Kenyatta, reflects growth of Kenya |
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"While the great powers....." |
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[image] "The Laughter of Rul" |
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| Rul is a Genie (the bad angel of strayed travelers) in Emile Felix Gautier's "Sahara the Great Desert" |
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| extreme and general scarcity of food |
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[image] Poems from Black Africa |
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| 100 African poems gathered by Langston Hughes |
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