Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a microscope which uses visible light to observe specimens. |
|
|
Term
| Compound Light microscope |
|
Definition
| has a series of lenses and uses visible light as a source of illumination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light passes through at first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lenses closest to the specimen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a lens to distinguish fine detail and structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the light-bending ability of a medium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by focusing the light, condenser produces brightfield illumination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to examine live unstained specimens |
|
|
Term
| phase-contrast microscopy |
|
Definition
| used for observing detailed structure of organisms without fixing them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to phase contrast microscopy in that it uses differences in refractive indexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| takes advantage of fluorescence, the ability of substances to absorb short wavelengths of light and to give off light at a longer wavelength (visible). |
|
|
Term
| Fluorescence antibody technique |
|
Definition
| the principle uses of fluorescence microscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural defence molecules that re produced by many humans and animals in reaction to a foreign substance, or antigen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a technique in microscopy used to construct three-dimensional images. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses two photons to excite the fluorochrome to emit light. |
|
|
Term
| Scanning acoustic microscopy(SAM) |
|
Definition
| basically consists of interpreting the action of a sound wave sent through a specimen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses a beam of electrons instead of light. |
|
|
Term
| Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) |
|
Definition
| used for observing internal structures of a specimen. 2-d image.requires fixing. |
|
|
Term
| Scanning electron microscopy |
|
Definition
| used for studying surface structures intact cell structures.3-D image.does not require fixing of microorganisms. |
|
|
Term
| Scanned probe microscopes |
|
Definition
| used to observe organism without modifying it. |
|
|
Term
| Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) |
|
Definition
| used to provide incredibly detailed view of molecules such as DNA.resolving power much greater than an electron microscope. |
|
|
Term
| Atomic force microscopy(AFM) |
|
Definition
| unlike STM, AFM does not require special specimen preparation.used to observe both biological substances and molecular processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coloring the microorganisms using a dye that emphasizes certain structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaching a microorganism to a slide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin film of microorganisms spread over the surface of a slide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preparing colorless bacteria against a colored background. valuable for observing capsules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an aquaeous or alchol solution of an simple basic dye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical added to a solution to intensify the stain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| react differently with different kinds of bacteria, thus can be used to distinguish them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the most useful staining procedures because it classifies bacteria into two types: gram-positive and gram-negative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purple stain: imparts its color to all its cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alcohol: removes the purple stain from cells of some species but not from others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria that retain their color after alcohol has attempted to decolorize them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria which lose the purple color after decolorization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stains such as safranin which have a contrasting color to the primary stain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stain which binds only to the bacteria that have a waxy material in their cells walls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are used to color and isolate specific parts of microorganisms, such as endospores and flagella. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gelatinous covering of microorganisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree to which a pathogen can cause disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special resitant, dormant structure formed within a cell that protects a bacterium from adverse environmental conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures of locomotion too small to be seen with a light microscope without staining. |
|
|
