Term
|
Definition
| Non-Critical - Will destroy some bacteria but not all, it will slow down the multiplication of bacteria. Milder than a disinfectant & simply cleans, it is safe to apply on skin, ex 30% Isoproply Alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For Semi-Critical - destroys most bacteria, will reduce the level of bacteria to an acceptable amount eg. 70% Isoproply Alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Classified as high level disinfectant, they are most effective because they are capable of destroying a broad range of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses & fungus, ex. BIOMERS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process where all infectious matter, bacteria, viruses, fungi & bacterial spores are destroyed eg. AUTOCLAVE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Methods that do not involve chemical action such as dry heat, boiling & steaming (Autoclave) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of chemicals to destroy bacteria but not spores such as Fumigation, Liquid Disinfectants (must be broad spectrum to disinfect semi-critical objects (BioMers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as Carbolic Acid, highly caustic, capable of burning, corroding & destroying living tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quaternary Ammonium Compound - come in liquid or tablet form, odourless, colourless, non-toxic eg. Barbicide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High level disinfectant that is effective for aesthetic SS implements that are considered Semi-Critical. Lasts up to 14 days, dispense in a covered SS tray. It is a broad spectrum high level disinfectant. Can also be used in foot basins & neat on client nail fungus or plantar warts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A covered SS tray with BioMers in it to disinfect semi-critical implements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast acting, destroys all bacteria, viruses & fungus in 1 min, no further disinfecting after 10 mins, remove by 10 mins, Safe, will not rust implements or harm skin, can be used under free edge, inexpensive, change every 14 days, Broad-Spectrum high level disinfectant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apparatus that uses a heat/steam sterilization process, uses very high heat & high pressure/steam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| add small amt of distilled water, place implements in special sealed envelope & place inside chamber in basket, process takes 20 mins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Implements that have come in contact with pus or blood are critical & must be sterilized in the Autoclave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wash all implements with scrub brush, anti-bacterial soap & warm water, rinse & dry thoroughly, spray with 70% alcohol, place in Biomers for 1-10 mins, remove & dry off & store in closed container or plastic wrap, if implements are critical, proceed to autoclave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protective covers/barrier of fungus, bacteria or virus cells |
|
|
Term
| Two Bacteria Classifications |
|
Definition
| Pathogenic & Non-pathogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Harmless microbes or germs, lives off already decayed matter, decomposes refuse, aids in digestion (yogurt), improves soil fertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Harmful organisms, cause disease, invade plant/animal tissue, live off living matter for growth, only 30% of bacteria is Pathogenic |
|
|
Term
| Important Rules for Spa Cleanliness |
|
Definition
- no open wounds
- proper disinfecting & sanitation
- maintain client health records
- Keep self immunized & healthy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth, translucent or pink & slightly flexible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protein are nails made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nail Root, Nail Body & Free Edge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors influence nail growth? |
|
Definition
- systemic disorders/disease will show through poor nail growth
- good nutrition, healthy nails
- Stimulation through massage
- products for nail growth stimulation
- heat, nails grow faster in summer |
|
|
Term
| How fast do adult nails grow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the four general nail shapes |
|
Definition
- round
- oval
- square
- pointed |
|
|
Term
| How do you select the nail shape for clients? |
|
Definition
- ask client what she would like
- consider finger type
- consider shape at base of nail |
|
|
Term
| Name manicure/pedicure contra indications |
|
Definition
- diabetes
- arthritis, osteo or rheumatoid
- open sores & lesions
- high blood pressure
- edema or pitted edema]
- nail fungus (onychomycosis)
- warts
- athlete's foot |
|
|
Term
| Where does the nail grow from? |
|
Definition
| grows from the Nail Root & continues from the Matrix |
|
|
Term
| How long should the free edge be to the rest of the nail? |
|
Definition
| 1/3 total length of the nail plate |
|
|
Term
| What & what form the shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the clavicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uppermost & largest bone of the arm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large bone on the small finger side of forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small bone on the thumb side of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones form the palm of the hand & how many are there? |
|
Definition
| Metacarpals, five, long & slender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flexible joint composed of 8 small irregular bones held together by ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the finger bones & how many are there |
|
Definition
| Phalanges, 14 in total, 3 in each finger & 2 in thumb |
|
|
Term
| What muscles separate the fingers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles bring the fingers together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle is large, thick, triangular, covers the shoulder & lifts/turns the arm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle is on the front of the arm & has two heads & points of attachment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle covers the entire back of the upper arm & has 3 heads or points of attachment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This bends the limb towards the median |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This takes a limb away from the median |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This turns a limb to face down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This turns a limb to face up |
|
Definition
| Supinator (holding soup in palm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can a nail disorder be caused from |
|
Definition
- injury
- disease or imbalance in the body |
|
|
Term
| What indicates an infection? |
|
Definition
| Pus which may have a yellow-golden crust |
|
|
Term
| What indicates inflammation? |
|
Definition
| A red or purple swollen area, throbbing may be present if infected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A break or tear in the skin surrounding the nail or cuticle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the nail matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(stained yellow)
- no base cost used, nicotine, internal systemic disorder (liver)
Treatment - buff nail plate gently in one direction with block buffer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(soft, thin, fragile, weak)
- improper diet, nutritional deficiency, medications, chemo, radiation, weakened imm, hard water
Treatment - balanced diet with vitamins, minerals & proteins, nail strengthener, gel, wear gloves while cleaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(horiz or vert ridges, waves on nail plate)
- poor health/nutrition def, meds, lack of zinc/vit B, aging (excess drying), injury or trauma to matrix, poor circulation, psoriasis, eczema
Treatment - supplements, cuticle oil, flax seed oil, ridge filler base coat, paraffin wax, buff with block buffer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(tears or splits of cuticle or deep grooves)
- dry cuticles, picking or biting cuticles
Treatment - nip excess cuticle, cuticle oil, paraffin wax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(white spots on nails)
- injury to nail plate causing lifting (air pockets), zinc defic, heart disease or anemia
Treatment - try growing out nail, if permanent damage, will not improve, zinc/iron supplements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(overgrowth of nail in thickness & extreme curving of nail plate)
- injury to matrix, internal imbalance, local infection, fungus
Treatment - mild cases may be buffed with block buffer, severe cases will not improve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(wasting away of nails, nails loose shine, shrink & separate from nail bed)
- injury to matrix, internal imbalance (thyroid), harsh detergents, meds, aging
Treatment - mild cases may be buffed out with block buffer to smooth rough edges, wear gloves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nail Fungus - tinea or ringworm, white, flaky, crumbly, yellow-brown-green long streaks on nail
- fungus invades hypochimium at free edge, injury creating air pockets, water or debris trapped under nail, improper sterilization of infected implements
Treatment - may service if proper sterilization, no polish on nails, use tea tree oil or biomers on/under free edge, ingest garlic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(bacterial inflammation of tissue surrounding nail, pus & swelling present, painful)
- bacterial infection, unsanitary implements, aggressive pushing/nipping of cuticles, constant exposure to moisture/bacteria
Treatment - do not service client |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(a forward growth of cuticle on nail plate, mild or severe)
- congenital defects, excess dryness
Treatment - mosturize using hot oil or paraffin, push back cuticles gently, nip excess cuticle only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(ingrown nails, nail grows into sides of tissue around nail)
- improper filing & cutting of nails, naturally deep nail grooves, tight fitting or improper fitting shoes
Treatment - mild cases, remove debris in nail groove, "hook" may be cut out of nail, carefully loosen edge of nail & cut edge of nail so it can grow away from groove better (cut "v" into nail - old way) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(claw nails, enlarged nail curvature)
- cause unknown, common as we age
Treatment - keep nails short, buff down thickness with medium grit file |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(bitten nails)
- nervous habit
Treatment - regular manicures, gel nails/tips, trim cuticles, apply polish or bitter tasting product for nail biters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(brittle nails with splitting and/or verticle ridges)
- injury, harsh detergents, cold temp, acetone polish remover, meds, aging, rough nail filing
Treatment - moisturize with hot oil, cuticle oil or paraffin wax, wear gloves to clean, use non-acetone nail polish remover |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(nails shed & fall off)
- trauma, prescrip meds, high fever, syphilis
Treatment - allow nail to fall off naturally, do not pull or force, do not treat this nail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(surface of nail plate has tiny holes
- injury of the nail plate, psoriasis of the nail
Treatment - buff nails smooth with block buffer, avoid excess pressure directly on nail plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(free edge turns upwards causing a distinct spoon shape)
- occupational softening of nail, anemia, arteriosclerosis, aging
Treatment - buff rough edges/areas, fill in the end of nails by sculpting with gel or acrylic (nail tips will not last on this client) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(blue in colour & skin may be cold to touch)
- poor circulation, overuse of oral antibiotic "Minocin" (used for acne treatment)
Treatment - massage to improve circulation |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Nail Fungus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Nail Fungus |
|
Definition
| Nail fungus is made of tiny organisms that infect both finger & toenails |
|
|
Term
| Where & how does Nail Fungus live |
|
Definition
| Under the nail, the nail provides a protective cover for the fungus while it grows, fungus thrives in damp,dark places, nail polish & artificial nails can trap moisture & fungi |
|
|
Term
| What areas of the nail does the nail fungus affect first |
|
Definition
| The base & the free edge, as it spreads toward the cuticle, the nail & nail bed show change |
|
|
Term
| Nail Fungus do's & don'ts |
|
Definition
| - thoroughly remove any debris or build up of flaky, crumbly, dead skin from under the free edge, use the excavator or cuticle nippers to lift out, do not apply nail polish to nails, do not apply nail polish to recovering nail fungus |
|
|
Term
| Another term of nail biters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What "extra" treatments can be done during a Spa Mani or Spa Pedi |
|
Definition
- Exfoliation Treatment
- Hot Oil
- Heated Mitts or Booties
- Paraffin Wax |
|
|
Term
| What are the benefits of Paraffin Wax |
|
Definition
- heat forces massage cream to penetrate deeper
- Perspiration remains trapped causing a "swelling effect"
- Swelling effect causes find lines & wrinkles to smooth out temporarily
- Improved skin texture
- Relaxing
- Relief for stiff joints & arthritis pain
- Deep conditioning for dry, cracked skin & brittle nails
- Heat increases blood circulation
- |
|
|
Term
| What are contra-indications of Paraffin Wax |
|
Definition
- open cuts & sores
- Infection
- Contagious disorders (athletes foot)
- Active psoriasis or eczema
- diabetics
- Swelling
- High blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| When do you add exfoliation and/or paraffin wax to treatment |
|
Definition
Exfoliation before massage
Paraffin Wax after massage |
|
|
Term
| Name the three groups of the foot |
|
Definition
| Tarsal bones, metatarsal bones & phalangeal bones |
|
|
Term
| How many phalangeal bones |
|
Definition
| There are 14 phalangeal bones, 3 in each finger & 2 in the thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There are 7 tarsal bones that go from the heel to mid foot |
|
|
Term
| How many metatarsal bones |
|
Definition
| There are 5 metatarsal bones numbered 1 to 5, 1 being the big toe, 5 being the baby toes |
|
|
Term
| Name the heavy long bone that forms the leg above the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the larger of the two bones forming the leg below the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the smaller of the two bones forming the leg below the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone forms the knee cap |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bends the foot up & extends the toes |
|
Definition
| Extensor Digitorum Longus |
|
|
Term
| What covers the front of the shin & bends the foot upward & inward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers the outer side of the calf & inverts the foot & turns it outward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What originates on the lower surface of the fibula & bends the foot down & out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is attached to the lower rear surface of the heel & pulls the food down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle is closely related to the gastrocnemius & bends the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the top of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the bottom of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Extensor Digitorum Brevis |
|
Definition
| On top of the foot located on the lateral side just below the ankle. |
|
|
Term
| Name the three muscles of the plantar view of the foot |
|
Definition
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor hallucis (Big toe side)
- Abductor digit minimi (baby toe side) |
|
|
Term
| Describe Diabetics & cautions |
|
Definition
Diabetics heal slower & have poor circulation
- do not use credo blade or cuticle nippers if insulin dependant
- if not insulin dependant, push & nip with caution
- massage will improve circulation
- paraffin wax with caution |
|
|
Term
| Describe Edema or Pitted Edema & cautions |
|
Definition
Condition of abnormal swelling
- press swollen area, check for persistent depression or indent
- pitted edema more serious
- avoid massage if persistent symptoms
- massage lightly to move lymph upwards
- elevate client's feet
- recommend cooling, refreshing, mint leg treatment |
|
|
Term
| Describe Arthritis & caution |
|
Definition
Swelling & deformity of bones in hands or feet, can cause joint inflammation
- avoid vigorous/jerky movements which can cause pain, no paraffin wax if swelling present |
|
|
Term
| Describe Capillary Filling Time |
|
Definition
The time it takes for the blood to return to the area tested
- done by pressing skin over end of toe & releasing pressure, area will turn white due to squeezing blood out, should return to pink within 30 seconds |
|
|
Term
| What do we look for when assessing feet prior to pedicure |
|
Definition
- check for foot condition & where you need to spend your time
- check for calluses, corns, cuts, corns, athlete's foot, plantar warts etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dry hardened, thick build up of dead skin |
|
|
Term
| What part of the foot do calluses form on |
|
Definition
| Balls of the feet & heels but sometimes on the toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is the body's way of shielding areas of the foot from further injury or protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- friction or pressure on the skin surface
- being flat footed
- improper fitting shoes, high heels
- heredity,abnormal bone structure |
|
|
Term
| How would we treat a callus |
|
Definition
- remove the cause of the pressure
- soak feet in foot bath to pre-soften
- buff area with an abrasive foot file
- use a credo blade on very thick yellowed callus
- mosturize to prevent drying & cracking
- Use cushion pads to reduce friction
- suggest pedicures every 4-8 weeks & products to keep in shape |
|
|
Term
| What are two types of corns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small round mound of thick dead yellowish skin. A hard waxy core at centre of corn will press on underlying tissue & nerves causing pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- friction/pressure from shoes cause hard corns
- irritation & pain increase as corn thickens
- pressure causes discomfort
- soft corns caused by friction of two toes rubbing and perspiration btwn toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- eliminate cause of friction & pressure
- cushioned corn pads
- medicated corn pads
- remove or reduce hard corns with credo blade or pumice foot file
- remove soft corn with foot paddle or cuticle nippers |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Athletes Foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Redness between the toes, flaky or scaly patches of skin as well as tiny vesicles filled with fluid. It can be itchy & spread. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes Athlete's Foot |
|
Definition
- direct exposure to fungus
- common contact areas such as public swimming pools, gyms or spas
- areas with warm, dark, moist & damp areas
- poor circulation & disbetes
- people who perspire excessively may be prone to fungus |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of Athlete's Foot |
|
Definition
- prevention, avoid high contact areas where fungus thrives
- if feet perspire, keep them properly ventilated
- apply tea tree oil, oil or oregano or antipfungal products
- internal medication by a physician |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bony protrusion present at the joint/base of large toe & surrounding tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heredity- deformities of bone structure
- Improper fitting shoes that are too tight
- Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
- severe foot injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Surgery by a Dr is only cure, they remove excess bone by scrapping or laser treatment
- Padding to shift weight of foot in shoe to reduce friction
- Splint to straighten & align foot
- Bunion protection pads to reduce pain/friction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cracks that from on a callus area. May extend to underlying tissue & become very deep |
|
|
Term
| What causes Heel Fissures |
|
Definition
Excess dryness & heel stress
- if left untreated, dryness will get worse & cracks may form
- shoes that do not support heel properly |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Heel Fissures |
|
Definition
- thick callus should be removed regularly & maintain feet with frequent pedicures to avoid formation of fissures
- use credo blade only on surrounding area of fissure
- pumice foot file may be used to reduce callus & dryness, use only in one direction over fissure, can use foot paddle dry
- medicated foot salve to fuse skin together
- paraffin wax
- moisturize nightly & wear 100% cotton socks to bed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phalangeal joint pushes upward causing the toe to curl into a "c" formation or claw like appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deformity at the distal phalangeal joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heredity - due to abnormal foot structure
- poorly fitted shoes, too tight
- arthritis
- neurological disorders such as Cerebral Palsy |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat Hammer Toes |
|
Definition
- protective pads to relieve pressure
- support pads to temporarily straighten toes, place under all four toes
- may be corrected or straightened by minor surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A bump with a rough surface or flat & smooth in various size, may be mistaken for a callus or be covered by a callus
- sometimes dark specks are visible |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell a Plantar Wart from other growths |
|
Definition
Pinch it slightly, if painfull it is a plantar wart
- also may appear pearly white & can be soft & spongy with a centre of dark specs |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the infection that causes Plantar Warts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of plantar warts |
|
Definition
- an infection from the Human Papilloma Virus
- virus can be in shoes, gym floors, locker room, public swimming pools
- are contagious & can spread
- wear gloves when servicing
- can spread between implements |
|
|
Term
| What are some treatments of Plantar Warts |
|
Definition
- some will disappear on own, some need medical attention
- Dr. can burn wart with liquid nitrogen
- aesthetician can work on client but must be careful with sterilization so no cross-contamination occurs |
|
|
Term
| What are Piezogenic Papules |
|
Definition
| - small yellowish bumps around medial aspect of heel, small extrusions of subcutaneous fat |
|
|
Term
| What causes Piezogenic Papules |
|
Definition
- no real cause, found on people with subcutaneous tissue
- pro-longed standing will aggravate |
|
|
Term
| How can we treat Piezogenic Papules |
|
Definition
- supportive cushion heel protector
- DO NOT FILE AWAY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Papules do not have fluid
Vesicles have fluid |
|
|
Term
| Describe Ingrown Toenails |
|
Definition
| Nail growing deep into the nail wall with a curvature on one or both sides. The nail continues to grow in a downward curve into the sides of the nail bed |
|
|
Term
| Name causes of Ingrown Toe Nails |
|
Definition
- improper trimming of toenails, too short or rounded
- tight fitting shoes
- pantyhose or socks too tight
- abnormal shaped nails, too thick
- trauma to nail plate or toe |
|
|
Term
| How can we treat Ingrown Toe Nails |
|
Definition
- cut toenails straight across
- cut out curvature or hook from side of nail wall
- If infected, apply tea tree oil or Biomers
- avoid tight fitting shoes |
|
|
Term
| Name two types of Arthritis |
|
Definition
| Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation or swelling of the joints/bones |
|
|
Term
| Describe Rheumatoid Arthritis |
|
Definition
| - affects the lining/synovial membrane inside the affected joint, when synovial fluid is lacking, tissue & joints swell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- direct injury to the joint or wear & tear on a joint over time
- cold damp weather can make condition worse |
|
|
Term
| How can we treat Arthritis |
|
Definition
- Massage to ease the pain, modify if joints are SWOLLEN
- Paraffin wax or hot thermal mitts to increase blood circulation & reduce pain
- do not use Paraffin Wax if tissue is SWOLLEN |
|
|
Term
| What is another form of Arthritis |
|
Definition
| Gout, commonly found on the big toe |
|
|
Term
| Describe Bromhidrosis, causes & treatment |
|
Definition
(sweat having a foul ordour)
- with excessive perspiration, bacteria overgrows & causes foul ordour
- poor hygiene
Treatment - daily use of anti-bacterial soap, change cotton socks several times daily, keep feet dry, anti-fungal powders & sprays, odour absorbing charcoal foot inserts |
|
|
Term
| Describe Anhidrosis, its causes & treatment |
|
Definition
(inability to produce sweat)
- skin conditions such as dermatitis
- disorders such as diabetes, kidney disease, cirrhosis of liver
- poor circulation & absence of sweat glands
Treatment - hydrating creams & lotions, massage to stimulate circulation, hot paraffin wax treatments |
|
|
Term
| Describe Hyperhidrosis, its causes & treatment |
|
Definition
(excess foot perspiration)
- some cases have no direct cause
- can be related to diabetes, fever, anemia & hyper-thyroidism
- Eccrine glands produce perspiration
Treatment - food powders to keep feet dry, keep feet clean & dry, avoid moisture creams, wear socks to absorb moisture |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Heel Pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - heel spur, a bony protrusion on heel, improper biomechanics of the foot, will have abnormal foot pring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- prescription orthotic
- physician recommended cortisone injection
- do not massage if SWOLLEN
- if a heel spur, surgery may be necessary
- heel cushion pads
- when massaging plantar section of foot, make sure foot relaxed & fascia not too tight, support properly
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Term
| Describe a Flat Foot/Fallen Arches |
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Definition
| A flat foot has no LONGITUDINAL ARCH in either the non-weight bearing or weight bearing state. In some cases, the foot is pronated (inward) when standing. This pronation when standing contributes to fallen arches. The bones of the foot are loose & not rigid. |
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Term
| List the causes of Fallen Arches/Flat Feet |
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Definition
- Heredity, due to loose bones in the foot or mis-alignments of the knee, hip or back
- A pronated foot usually has a flat arch either from heredity or due to injury
- Arthritis causes feet to change
- Age, feet change & may seem to widen, this is the arch that has fallen
- Overweight |
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Term
| How can we treat Fallen Arches/Flat Feet |
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Definition
- arch support or custom orthotics to give support & realign body so gait is normal
- wearing shoes with good arch support & ankle support
- massage will help temporarily to relieve pain associated with flat feet |
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Term
| Describe a High Arched Foot |
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Definition
| Has a pronounced longitudinal arch, the arch is extremely high. The foot is rigid & most of the weight when standing is on the heel & ball of the feet, may be painful, not comfortable to walk, deep calluses form & shoes are hard to fit |
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Term
| Long main arch of the foot |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral Longitudinal Arch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior Transverse Arch |
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Term
| How many arches of the foot & the two main groups |
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Definition
| There are four arches, (2) Longitudinal Arches & (2) Transverse Arches |
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