Term
| As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will.. |
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Definition
| Remain the same regardless of altitude. |
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Term
Dangerous airflow disturbances generated by airplanes –
Two names for it.
Four main factors.
Direction of spin? |
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Definition
Wingtip vortex / Wake turbulence
Heavy, Clean, Slow, Quartering tailwind on the runway
Clockwise from LEFT wingtip, and Counterclockwise from RIGHT wingtip |
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Term
| P-Factor – Two things, including the reason for it. |
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Definition
One of 4 reasons for left-turning tendency on takeoff.
Since most western aircraft have engines that rotate clockwise when viewed from the cockpit, at higher angles of attack the downward moving propeller blade takes a bigger "bite" of air than the upward moving blade. That is, the downward moving propeller blades is at a much higher angle-of-attack than the upward sweeping blade. And with a higher AOA, the downward sweeping blade creates much more thrust (or lift), making the airplane tend to yaw to the left. |
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Term
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Relative placement of the center of lift / center of gravity |
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Definition
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As long as you are within the aircraft's CG limits, the center of lift is always aft of the CG. |
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Term
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Maneuvering speed –
AKA
Definition (in two sentences)
How does it change with weight… |
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Definition
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Va
The maximum speed at which you can safely stall an airplane.
At any speed above Va, the plane breaks before it stalls.
Change w/ weight: Va is based on MAX gross weight, and as the weight decreases, so does the Va (counter-intuitively)
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Term
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A forward CG –
Overview of effects on...
Stability
Stall speed
Stall recovery
Performance.
Reasons? |
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Definition
A forward CG –
Better stability
Higher (worse) stall speed
Better stall recovery
Worse performance
Forward CG requires greater tail down force, which in turn requires…
Greater (wing) lift, which in turn requires…
Greater angle of attack (closer to the critical angle of attack), which results in…
Higher (worse) stall speed, AND….
Increased induced drag, which results in…
Decreased performance |
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Term
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An aft CG -
Overview of effects on...
Stability
Stall speed
Stall recovery
Performance.
Reasons? |
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Definition
An aft CG -
Reduced stability
Lower (better) stall speed
Worse stall recovery
Better performance
Requires less tail down force, which in turn requires…
Less (wing) lift, which in turn requires…
Lesser angle of attack, which results in…
Lower (improved) stall speed, AND...
Less induced drag, which results in…
Increased performance |
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