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Aerobic Respiration
Energy Production
91
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 3
05/04/2014

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Cards

Term
What is the role of the inner mitochondiral membrane?
Definition
electron transport system, ATP synthase
Term
What are he folded membranes of the inner mitochondria?
Definition
christae
Term
What is the interior of the mitochondria?
Definition
matrix space
Term
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate from glycolysis is completed ________ to CO2
Definition
oxidized
Term
_______ enters the mitochondria and is converted to ________
Definition
pyruvate, acetyl CoA
Term
What are other names for the citric acid cycle?
Definition
kreb's, tricarboxyclic acid, TCA
Term
What happens to pyruvate when it enters the mitochondria?
Definition
converted to a 2-carbon acetyl group
Term
For acetyl group to be used for further reactiosn it must be
Definition
activated
Term
How is the acetyl group activated?
Definition
bonded to thiol gorup of coenzyme A
Term
What is coenzyme A?
Definition
large thiol derived from ATP and pantothenic acid, a vitamin
Term
What happens to the 3rd carbon of pyruvate when converted into the acetyl group?
Definition
formed into CO2
Term
What is the 1st step of pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion?
Definition
Decarboxylation
Term
What happens during decarboxylation?
Definition
loss of a carboxyl group as CO2
Term
What is step 2 of pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion?
Definition
oxidation
Term
What happens during oxidation?
Definition
NAD+ accepts hydride anion, forms NADH
Term
What is the 3rd step of pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion.
Definition
coenzyme linkage to remaining acetyl group
Term
What are the reactions catalyzed by?
Definition
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Term
What is pyruvate dehydrogenase complex made up of?
Definition
3 enzymes and 5 coenzymes
Term
What is the major function of acetyl CoA?
Definition
carry acetyl group ot the citric acid cycle
Term
What other functions does Acetyl CoA have?
Definition
biosynthetic reactiosn to produce cholesterol and fatty acids
Term
Acetyl CoA permits interconversion of what energy sources?
Definition
fats, proteins, carbohydrates
Term
Degrading what produces Acetyl CoA?
Definition
glucose, fatty acids, some amino acids
Term
What is the final electron acceptor?
Definition
oxygen
Term
What feeds the citric acid cycle?
Definition
oxaloacetate, acetyl CoA
Term
How many steps are in the citric acid cycle?
Definition
8
Term
Reaction 1: What occurs?
Definition
condensation reaction between the acetyl group of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate
Term
Reaction 1: What is the substrate?
Definition
oxaloacetate, acetyl CoA, H2O
Term
Reaction 1: What is the product?
Definition
Citrate, coenzyme A, H+
Term
What is another name for citrate?
Definition
citric acid
Term
Reaction 1: What is the enzyme?
Definition
citrate synthase
Term
Reaction 2: What is it part 1 of the reaction?
Definition
dehydration reaction of citrate followed by hydration to isocitrate
Term
Reaction 2: What is part 2 of the reaction?
Definition
hydration of cis-Aconitate to isocitrate
Term
Reaction 2: What is the enzyme involved in reaction 2?
Definition
aconitase
Term
Reaction 2: What is the substrate involved with part I of reaction 2?
Definition
citrate
Term
Reaction 2: What is the product of part 1 of reaction 2?
Definition
cis-aconitate, H2O
Term
What is the substrate of part 2 of reaction 2?
Definition
cis-aconitate, H2O
Term
What is the product of reaction 2 part 2?
Definition
isocitrate
Term
Reaction 3 is the first ______ step of the citric acid cycle?
Definition
oxidative
Term
What happens to the hydroxyl group of isoctirate?
Definition
oxidized to a ketone
Term
WHat is released as a result of decarboxylation in reaction 3?
Definition
CO2
Term
What coenzyme is released as a product of reaction 3?
Definition
NADH
Term
What is the enzyme for reaction 3?
Definition
isocitrate dehydrogenase
Term
What is the substrate for reaction 3?
Definition
isocitrate
Term
What is the product of reaction 3?
Definition
alpha-ketoglutarate, CO2, NADH
Term
What happens during reaction 4?
Definition
coenzyme A attaches to the alpha-ketoglutarate
Term
What is the substrate for reaction 4?
Definition
alpha-ketoglutarate, NAD+, coenzyme A
Term
WHat is the product for reaction 4?
Definition
succinyl CoA, CO2, NADH
Term
What is the enzyme for reaction 4?
Definition
alpha-ketoglurate dehydrogenase complex
Term
Where does the CO2 for reaction 4 come from?
Definition
carboxylate group of alpah-ketoglutarate
Term
Conezyme A combine with succinate to form what?
Definition
succinyl CoA
Term
What happens during reaction 5?
Definition
succinyl CoA is converted to succinate
Term
What is the enzyme involved with reaction 5?
Definition
syccinal CoA synthase
Term
What is the substrate for reaction 5?
Definition
Succinyl CoA, GDP, Pi
Term
What is the product of reaction 5?
Definition
succinate, GTP, coenzyme A
Term
What happens to the GTP during reaction 5?
Definition
becomes converted to ATP
Term
What is the enzyme involved in converting GTP to ATP?
Definition
dinucleotide diphosphokinase
Term
What happens during reaciton 6?
Definition
succinate is oxidized to form fumarate
Term
What is the enzyme involved in reaction 6?
Definition
succinate dehydrogenase
Term
What is the oxidizing agent in reaction 6?
Definition
FAD
Term
What is the substrate in reaciton 6?
Definition
succinate, FAD
Term
What is the product of reaction 6?
Definition
fumarate, FADH2
Term
What happens during reaction 7?
Definition
fumarate is reduced to Malate
Term
What is the substrate for reaction 7?
Definition
fumarate, H2o
Term
What is the product for reaction 7?
Definition
malate
Term
What is the enzyme for reaction 7?
Definition
fumarase
Term
How is fumarate reduced to malate?
Definition
addition of H2O
Term
What happens during reaction 8?
Definition
malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate
Term
What is the substrate for reaction 8?
Definition
malate, NAD+
Term
What is the product for reaction 8?
Definition
oxaloacetate, NADH, H+
Term
WHat is the enzyme for reaction 8?
Definition
malate dehydrogenase
Term
How much CO2 is produced during one citric acid cycle?
Definition
2
Term
How many oxidations provide hydrogen for NADH and FAD
Definition
4
Term
How much NADH is formed during the citric acid cycle?
Definition
3
Term
How much FADH2 is formed during the citric acid cycle?
Definition
1
Term
How many GTP are formed during the citric acid cycle?
Definition
1
Term
How much ATP does NADH provide?
Definition
3
Term
How much ATP does FADH2 provide?
Definition
2
Term
What is ATP synthase?
Definition
final component for oxidative phosphorylation, multiprotein complex
Term
Enzyme to convert NADH to NAD
Definition
NADH dehydrogenase
Term
How much ATP is produced during glycolysis
Definition
6
Term
How much ATP is produced during susbtrate-level phosphorylaiton of glycolysis?
Definition
2
Term
How many NADH are produced during glycolysis?
Definition
2
Term
How much energy is required to begin glycolysis?
Definition
2 ATP
Term
How many NADH are produced converting two pyruvate to 2 acetyl CoA?
Definition
2
Term
How many GTP are produced during the citric acid cycle?
Definition
2
Term
How many NADH are formed during the citric acid cycle?
Definition
6
Term
How many FADH2 are formed during the citric acid cycle?
Definition
2
Term
What is the net energy produced from one glucose molecule?
Definition
36 ATP
Term
The complete oxidation of glucose yields how many CO2?
Definition
6
Term
The complete oxidation of glucose yields how many H2O?
Definition
6
Term
The complete oxidation of glucose yields how many ATP?
Definition
36
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