Minoan: 3400 - 1200 bce

Mycenaean: 1600-1125 bce

lived on the island of crete

seafaring people

had 2 sets of languages

linear A: not deciphered

linear B: used for accounting

a part of everyday life but not an extremely religious people overall

mother goddess- chief diety

minotaur- half-man, half-bull.  lived in labyrinth and slain by theseus

pigments painted on walls

minoan bull jumping depicted in these

-administrative center and shrines inside of palace

-1700-1380 bce

-centered around courtyard

-no axis, symmetry, or heirarchy

-orthogonal and organic

-contained columnades and light wells

-best plumbing until rome

-walls: ashlar and rubble

-column and roofs of wood

columns-taper from top to bottom and painted

-key archaeologist responsible for excavating the palace of knossos

-tried to restore palace to what it may have looked like

-warrior culture

-1600-1125 bce

-mask of agamemnon

-not as artistic as minoans

-heavily fortified

-cyclopean structure

-corbeled arches

-post and lintel with corbeled arches above

-2 lions depicted in stone above gate

-forerunner of greek temple

-large audience halls

-brightly painted

greek orders

(oldest to youngest)

doric

ionic

corinthian

composite

tuscan

-no base

-capital is relatively simple

-includes triglyphs (3 vertical lines) and metopes (bas relief sculptures in between triglyphs)

-had flutes running down the shaft

-spiral scrolls on capitals

-taller than doric

-shafts employed entasis

-the greek city

-usually no more than 10,000 people

-every polis had main god

rests on top of column

architrave

frieze

cornice

-only present in doric

-sharp edge between each flute

-ionic

-thin flat raised surface in between flutes

-inner sanctuary enclosed by walls that housed statue of specific god

-access to inner sanctum allowed only to people of high status

-roofed, columned porch surrounding a building

-usually around center courtyard

-triangular end of greek temple roof gable

-often decorated with sculptures

-half dome located in the transept

-place where priest preached from

-contained altar

-located in eastern part of church

-open courtyard within church walls

-unbaptized allowed to listen to sermon from here

-early christian church

-borrowed from romans

-longitudinal axis (like a cross)

-windows in the nave

-naturally very high up

-cross looks like that on the swiss flag

-centrally planned and domed

-longitudinal axis

-procession, congregation, worship, and pilgrimage

-consists of atrium, narthex, transect, nave, aisles and apse

-churches that are associated with martyrs

-usually built at the grave of a martyr

-higher ceilinged part of church

-located in the center

-structure that allows placement of a dome over a square room

-employs concept of arch

-used in the four corners of pendentives to allow them to rise higher

-takes the distributed weight to the ground

-end part of a latin church that houses the apse

-top of the 'cross'

-non-iconic representation

-arbitrary patterns that don't represent anything in real life (people, animals, trees)

-foliate

-plant based design (often geometric)

-mosque with a central axis with a dome above

-as seen in mosque of suleyman

-introduced later

-mosque with a grid-like arrangement of columns

-see the great mosque at cordoba

-mosque designed for friday masses

-generic term for mosques

-arabic for mosque

-"place of worship"

-hall for assembly

-locator of direction of mecca

-place to be called to prayer

-place of quranic verses

-person who calls people to worship

-leads prayers

-prayer wall

-direction of mecca

-courtyard

-contains cleansing fountain

-550 bce

-paestum

-stone covered in stucco

-archaic doric

peripteral temple

-row of columns down middle

-parthenon

-propylaea

-athena nike

-erechtheion

-archaic: 700-480 bce

-classical: 480-323 bce

-hellenistic: 323-31 bce

-codified greek orders in 30 bce

-wrote 10 books on architecture

-form strongly conventional, not much innovation just refinement

-marble or limestone

-437 bce

-architect: mnesikles

-patron: perikles of athens

-gateway to the acropolis

-doric on outside ionic on inside

-425 bce

-arhitect: kallikrates

-ionic columns, doric proportions

-destroyed and rebuilt in 1835

-421-407 bce

-Architect: Mnesikles (maybe)

north portico: poseidon

east portico: athena

-drums stacked atop one another

-hole through middle

-transported using pulley

-begun 350 bce (built in 2 stages)

-architect: polykleitus the yonger

-built into hill side

-159-132 bce

-king attalos

-walls on 3 sides columns on the last

-kind of like roman forum

-19 bce: republican rome

-patron: marcus agrippa

-nimes, france

-temple

-axial alignment

-20-16 bce: republican rome

-nimes, france

-aqueduct

-waterchannel used mortar to keep from leaking

-roman forum

-37-14 bce: republican rome

-rostra: speakers platform (center of rome)

-basilicas part of forum

-temple of vesta

-imperial rome

-architect: apollodorus of damascus

-basilica

-includes trajan's column

-imperial rome

-built to commemorate Constantine's victory

-imperial rome

-patron: emperor caracalla

-spa, library, restaurants, staduim

frigidarium, tepidarium, caldarium

-imperial rome

-patron: hadrian

-architect: also hadrian?

-corinthean

-temple to all gods

-imperial rome

-patron: vespasian

-architect: unknown

team theory of construction (not all sections identical)

-vallarium (sun screen)

-oldest surviving amphitheater

-roman tenet housing for low and middle class

-went from bad quality to good quality

-place of residence and business

-shared walls with other buildings

-few, high windows

-dining room

-ate on couches

-domestic rome

-1 city block in pompeii

-included multiple houses and shops

domestic rome

tivoli, italy

went with contours of land

loose design

-early christian and byzantine

-patron: justinian

-architect: anthemius of tralles and isidorus of miletus

-church

-central dome style

-early christian

-basilica

-constantine

-martyrium for st. peter

-umayyad dynasty

-shrine

-located on the holy mount, jerusalem

-double ambulatory

-gold covered dome

-columns monolithic

-umayyad dynasty

-Cordoba, spain

-hypostyle halls

-added onto many times

-accretive architecture

ottoman turks

patron: suleyman the magnificent

architect: koca sinan

different sized minarets

includes a large complex with madrasas, caravanserai, mausoleum, and hostpital