What are the 2 divisions of the Nervous System?

1.  CNS - brain and spinal cord

2. PNS

What does the Somatic Motor System do?

controls VOLUNTARY muscles.

What are the 2 subdivisions of the PNS?

1.  Parasympathetic NS

2.  Sympathetic NS

Regulates many INVOLUNTARY processes

What are the functions of the PNS relevant to pharmacology?

1.  Slows HR

2.  Increases gastric secretion

3.  empties bladder/bowel

4.  focuses eye for near vision

5.  contracts bronchial smooth muscle

What 3 functions does the SNS regulate?

1.  Cardiovascular

2.  Body Temperature

3.  Fight or Flight

What is the baroreceptor reflex?

How does it work?

1.  a feedback loop that regulates BP in short term.

2.  Most important feedback loop of ANS pharmacologically speaking

1.  Located in carotid sinus and aortic arch monitor BP and send message to brain

2.  Brain sends impulses to ANS to restore BP

Which division of the ANS provides the dominant tone in most organs and in the blood vessels?

Parasympathetic NS

Pathways from the spinal cord to organs of SNS and PNS consist of two neurons.  What are they?

1.  Preganglionic

2.  Postganglionic

How many neurons do the Somatic Motor Pathways have?

Just one

What are the 3 neurotransmitters employed by the Peripheral Nervous System?

1.  Acetycholine

2.  Norepinephrine

3.  Epinephrine

Where is Ach released?

1.  ALL preganglionic neurons of the SNS and PNS

2.  ALL postganglionic neurons of the PNS

3.  POSTganglionic neurons of SNS-->sweat glands

4.  ALL motor neurons

See page 113

Where is Norepinephrine released?

1.  ALL postglanglionic neurons of SNS, except those that go to sweat glands.

Where is Epinephrine released?

Major T released by adrenal medulla of SNS.

What are the receptors of the Peripheral Nervous System?

1.  Cholinergic Receptors

2.  Adrenergic Receptors

What are the substypes of Cholinergic Receptors?

1.  Nicotinic(n)

2.  Nicotinic(m)

3.  Muscarinic

What are the 4 major subtypes of Adrenergic Receptors?

1.  Alpha1

2.  Alpha2

3.  Beta1

4.  Beta 2

Where are the cholinergic: nicotinic(n) receptors located?

1.  ALL Autonomic ganglia (PNS & SNS)

2.  Promotes release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla

Where are the cholinergic: nicotinic(m) receptors located?

1.  Somatic Motor System - causes contraction of skeletal muscle

What does activation of the cholinergic: muscarinic receptors cause?

Various Organs and Sweat Glands

1.  Increases glandular secretion

2.  Contracts smooth muscle in bronchi and GI tract

3.  Slows HR

4. Impacts eye

5. Promotes bladder voiding

What does activation of the adrenergic: alpha1 receptors cause?

1. eye effects

2.  constricts veins and arterioles

3. promotes ejaculation

4. contracts smooth muscle in prostate and bladder

What does activation of beta 1 receptors in SNS impact?

1. Increases HR

2. Increases myocardial contraction

3. Increases conduction thru AV Node

4.  Promotes renin release by kidney

What does activation of beta2 receptor sites in SNS cause?

1.  Dilate bronchi

2. Relaxes uterine smooth muscle

3. increases glycogenolysis

4.  Enhances contraction of skeletal muscle

5.  Dilates arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal muscle)

Where are dopamine receptors located

In the kidney ONLY.

What does activation of dopamine receptors cause?

1. Dilation of blood vessels in the kidney

What receptors does Norepi activate?

Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1

What receptors do epinephrine activate?

alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2

How is the neurotransmission at cholinergic junctions terminated?

Degradation of AcH by acetylcholinesterase

How is neurotransmission at adrenergic junctions terminated?

Reuptake of intact norepinephrine into nerve terminals..