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Advanced Medical Terminology
Lesson 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
119
Medical
Professional
04/01/2008

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Term
ANABOLISM
Definition
Process of building up complex materials (protiens) from simple materials.
Term
CATABOLISM
Definition
Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy.
Term
CELL MEMBRANE
Definition
Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
Term
CHROMOSOMES
Definition
Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 unpaired chromosomes.
Term
CYTOPLASM
Definition
All the material that is outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane
Term
DNA
Definition
Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
Term
ENDOPLASTIC RETICULUM
Definition
Structrue (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Ribosomes are found on the endoplastic reticulum.
Term
GENES
Definition
Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
Term
KARYOTYPE
Definition
Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
Term
METABOLISM
Definition
The total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism.
Term
MITOCHONDRIA
Definition
Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.
Term
NUCLEUS
Definition
Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
Term
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Definition
Collection of fat cells
Term
CARTILAGE
Definition
Flexible connective tissue attached to the bones and joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.
Term
EPITHELIAL CELLS
Definition
Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs.
Term
HISTOLOGIST
Definition
Specialist in the study of tissues
Term
LARYNX
Definition
"Voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea
Term
PHARYNX
Definition
Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for both food (from the mouth to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).
Term
PITUITARY GLAND
Definition
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain
Term
THYROID GLAND
Definition
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
Term
TRACHEA
Definition
"Windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).
Term
URETER
Definition
One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
Term
URETHRA
Definition
Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Term
UTERUS
Definition
The womb. The organ that holds the embryo as it develops.
Term
VISCERA
Definition
Internal organs.
Term
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
Definition
Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen.
Term
CRANIAL CAVITY
Definition
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
Term
DIAPHRAGM
Definition
Muscle seperating the abdominal and thoractic cavities.
Term
DORSAL
Definition
Pertaining to the back
Term
MEDIASTINUM
Definition
Centrally located space between lungs
Term
PELVIC CAVITY
Definition
Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
Term
PERITONEUM
Definition
Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
Term
PLEURA
Definition
Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
Term
PLEURAL CAVITY
Definition
Space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung
Term
SPINAL CAVITY
Definition
Space within the spinal column and containing the spinal cord. AKA the spinal canal.
Term
THORACTIC CAVITY
Definition
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
Term
VENTRAL
Definition
Pertaining to the front
Term
HYPOCONDRIAC REGION
Definition
Abdominopelvic region located on the upper right and upper left regions below the ribs
Term
EPIGASTRIC REGION
Definition
Abdominopelvic region located in the upper middle above the stomach
Term
LUMBAR REGION
Definition
Abdominopelvic region located on the middle right and left regions by the waist
Term
UMBILICAL REGION
Definition
Abdominopelvic region in the center by the navel
Term
INGUINAL REGION
Definition
Abdominopelvic region located in the lower right and left regions near the groin
Term
HYPOGASTRIC REGION
Definition
Abdominopelvic region located in the lower middle area below the umbilical region.
Term
RUQ
Definition
Right upper quadrant (abdominopelvic)
Term
LUQ
Definition
Left upper quadrant (abdominopelvic)
Term
RLQ
Definition
Right lower quadrant (Abdominopelvic)
Term
LLQ
Definition
Left lower quadrant (Abdominopelvic)
Term
CERVICAL BACK DIVISION
Definition
Neck region (C1-C7)
Term
THORACIC BACK DIVISION
Definition
Chest region (T1-T12)
Term
LUMBAR BACK DIVISION
Definition
Loin (waist) region (L1-L5)
Term
SACRAL BACK DIVISION
Definition
Region of the sacrum (S1-S5)
Term
COCCYGEAL BACK DIVISION
Definition
Region of the coccyx (tailbone)
Term
VERTEBRA
Definition
A single backbone
Term
VERTEBRAE
Definition
Backbones
Term
SPINAL COLUMN
Definition
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
Term
SPINAL CORD
Definition
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
Term
DISK (DISC)
Definition
A pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Term
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL)
Definition
Front surface of the body
Term
DEEP
Definition
Away from the surface
Term
DISTAL
Definition
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
Term
FRONTAL (CORONAL) PLANE
Definition
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Term
INFERIOR (CAUDAL)
Definition
Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body
Term
LATERAL
Definition
Pertaining to the side
Term
MEDIAL
Definition
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
Term
POSTERIOR (DORSAL)
Definition
Back surface of the body
Term
PRONE
Definition
Lying on the belly (face down, palms down)
Term
PROXIMAL
Definition
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of the structure
Term
SAGITTAL (LATERAL) PLANE
Definition
Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
Term
SUPERFICIAL
Definition
On the surface
Term
SUPERIOR (CEPHALIC)
Definition
Above another structure; pertaining to the head
Term
SUPINE
Definition
Lying on the back (face up, palms up)
Term
TRANSVERSE (CROSS SECTIONAL OR AXIAL) PLANE
Definition
Horizontal plane diving the body into upper and lower portions
Term
ABDOMIN/O
Definition
Abdomen
Term
ADIP/O
Definition
Fat
Term
ANTER/O
Definition
Front
Term
BOL/O
Definition
To cast (throw)
Term
CERVIC/O
Definition
Neck (of the body or of the uterus)
Term
CHONDR/O
Definition
Cartilage (type of connective tissue)
Term
CHROM/O
Definition
Color
Term
COCCYG/O
Definition
Coccyx (tailbone)
Term
CRANI/O
Definition
Skull
Term
CYT/O
Definition
Cell
Term
DIST/O
Definition
Far, distant
Term
DORS/O
Definition
Back portion of the body
Term
HIST/O
Definition
Tissue
Term
ILI/O
Definition
Ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
Term
INGUIN/O
Definition
Groin
Term
KARY/O
Definition
Nucleus
Term
LATER/O
Definition
Side
Term
LUMB/O
Definition
Lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
Term
MEDI/O
Definition
Middle
Term
NUCLE/O
Definition
Nucleus
Term
PELV/I
Definition
Pelvis
Term
POSTER/O
Definition
Behind, back
Term
PROXIM/O
Definition
Nearest
Term
SACR/O
Definition
Sacrum
Term
SARC/O
Definition
Flesh
Term
SPIN/O
Definition
Spine, backbone
Term
THEL/O
Definition
Nipple
Term
THORAC/O
Definition
Chest
Term
TRACHE/O
Definition
Trachea, windpipe
Term
UMBILIC/O
Definition
Navel, umbilicus
Term
VENTR/O
Definition
Belly side of body
Term
VERTEBR/O
Definition
Vertebra(e), Backbone(s)
Term
VISCER/O
Definition
Internal organs
Term
ANA-
Definition
Up
Term
CATA-
Definition
Down
Term
EPI-
Definition
Above
Term
HYPO-
Definition
Below
Term
INTER-
Definition
Between
Term
META-
Definition
Change
Term
-EAL
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-IAC
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-IOR
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-ISM
Definition
Process
Term
-OSE
Definition
Pertaining to, full of
Term
-PLASM
Definition
Formation
Term
-SOMES
Definition
Bodies
Term
-TYPE
Definition
Picture, classification
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