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Advanced Medical Terminology
Lesson 20: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
48
Medical
Professional
09/24/2008

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Term
CINERADIOGRAPHY
Definition
Use of motion pictures techniques to record a series of x-ray images during fluoroscopy
Term
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
Definition
Diagnostic x-ray procedure whereby a cross-sectional image of a specific body segment is produced. Newer CT scanners can create 3D images as well
Term
CONTRAST STUDIES
Definition
Materials (contrast media) are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on the x-ray film
Term
FLUORESCENCE
Definition
Emission of glowing light results from exposure to and absorption of radiation from x-rays
Term
FLUOROSCOPY
Definition
X-ray technique that produces a fluorescent image on an image intensifier
Term
GAMMA CAMERA
Definition
Machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during scanning for diagnostic purposes
Term
GAMMA RAYS
Definition
High-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances in tracer studies
Term
HALF-LIFE
Definition
Time required for a radioactive substance to lose half it's radioactivity by disintegration
Term
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Definition
Theraputic procedures performed by a radiologist
Term
IN VITRO
Definition
Process, test, or procedure is proformed, measured, or observed outside a living organism
Term
IN VIVO
Definition
Process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed within a living organism
Term
IONIZATION
Definition
Transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles. X-rays cause ionization of particles within tissues
Term
LABELED COMPOUND
Definition
Radiopharmaceutical; used in nuclear medicine substance
Term
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
Definition
Magnetic field and radio waves produced sagittal, coronal, and axial images of the body
Term
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Definition
Medical specialty that studies the uses of radioactive substances (radionuclides) in diagnosis of disease
Term
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
Definition
Positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism based on local concentration of the radioactive susbstance. PET scans give information about organ function
Term
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Definition
Test combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patients blood
Term
RADIOISOTOPE
Definition
Radioactive form of an element substance; radionuclide
Term
RADIOLOGY
Definition
Medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in the diagnosis of disease; includes other forms of energy such as ultrasound and magnetic waves
Term
RADIOLUCENT
Definition
Permitting the passage of x-rays. Radiolucent structures appear black on x-ray film
Term
RADIONUCLIDE
Definition
Radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation; radioisotope
Term
RADIOPAQUE
Definition
Obstructing the passage of x-rays. Radiopaque structures appear white on x-ray film
Term
RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
Definition
Radioactive drug that is administered safely for diagnostic and theraputic purposes
Term
ROENTGENOLOGY
Definition
Study of x-rays; radiology
Term
SCAN
Definition
Image of an area, organ, or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, CT, or MRI
Term
SINGLE POSITRON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
Definition
Radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views
Term
TAGGING
Definition
Attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body
Term
TRACER STUDIES
Definition
Radionuclides are used as tags, or labels, attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body
Term
TRANSDUCER
Definition
Handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals
Term
ULTRASONOGRAPHY (US, U/S)
Definition
Diagnostic technique that projects and retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off parts of the body
Term
UPTAKE
Definition
Rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue
Term
VENTILATION-PERFUSION STUDIES
Definition
Radiopharmaceutical is inhaled and injected intravenously followed by imaging its passage through the respiratory tract
Term
FLUOR/O
Definition
Luminous, fluorescence
Term
IS/O
Definition
Same
Term
PHARMACEUT/O
Definition
Drug
Term
RADI/O
Definition
X-rays
Term
ROENTGEN/O
Definition
X-rays
Term
SON/O
Definition
Sound
Term
THERAPEUT/O
Definition
Treatment
Term
VITR/O
Definition
Glass
Term
VIV/O
Definition
Life
Term
-GRAM
Definition
Record
Term
-GRAPHY
Definition
Process of recording
Term
-LUCENT
Definition
To shine
Term
-OPAQUE
Definition
Obscure
Term
CINE-
Definition
Movement
Term
ECHO-
Definition
A repeated sound
Term
ULTRA-
Definition
Beyond
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