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| Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
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| Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes spinephrine and norephinephrine |
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| Located in the lower abdomen of the female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion |
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| Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion |
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| Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some patients may have 3 or 5 |
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| PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) |
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| Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16th of an ounce and is a half inch across |
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| Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion |
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| Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine. |
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| Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
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| ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) |
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| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) |
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| Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption |
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| Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example |
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| ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) |
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| Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney |
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| Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels |
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| Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect |
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| Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction |
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| Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by ovaries |
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| Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex |
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| FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) |
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| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes. |
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| Secreted by the alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by the conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose |
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| GROWTH HORMONE (GH); SOMATOTROPIN |
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| Secreted by the anterior love of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of soft tissues and bones |
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| Secreted by islet cells (beta) of the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen. |
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| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males |
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| Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic) |
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| Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth |
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| Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
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| Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
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| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion |
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| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone |
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| Male hormone secreted by the testes |
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| THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH); THYROTROPIN |
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| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning |
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| Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells |
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| Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases the metabolism in cells |
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| Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary ; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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| Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine |
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| Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones) |
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| Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes |
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| Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose' fat' and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response |
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| Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
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| Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ of gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland |
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| Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland |
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| Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example |
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| Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
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| Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
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| Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics |
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| Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made. Examples of steroids are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids |
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| Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways) |
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| Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones |
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| Sex glands (ovaries/testes) |
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| Pituitary gland, hypophysis |
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| Potassium (an electrolyte) |
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| Assemble, gather together |
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| Stimulating the function of (to turn or act on) |
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| Deficient, below; under; less than normal |
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