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| Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. The ciliary body adjusts the lens (rounding it) and the pupil constricts. When the eye disaccommodates, it focuses from near to far. The ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates. |
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| Area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains the aqueous humor. |
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| Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber. A humor is any body fluid, including blood and lymph. |
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| Having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body. |
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| Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera |
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| Structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris. It contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor. |
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| Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision |
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| Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball |
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| Fibrous transplant layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball. |
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| Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision |
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| Posterior, inner part of the eye |
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| Colored pigmented membrane surrounding the pupil of the eye |
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| Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina |
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| Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision |
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| Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain |
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| Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus, insensitive to light. |
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| Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex) |
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| Dark opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which rays of light pass |
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| Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina. |
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| Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones). |
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| Photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision |
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| Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball |
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| Relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex |
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| Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball |
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| Ciliary body or muscle of the eye |
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| Uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, choroid, and ciliary body) |
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| Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye. Causes light rays to be unevenly and not sharply focused on the retina. |
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| HYPEROPIA (HYPERMETROPHIA) |
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| Farsightedness. Eyeball is too short or refractive power is too weak. Parallel rays of light focus behind the retina. |
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| Nearsightedness. Eyeball is too long or refractive power is too strong. Parallel light rays focus in front of the retina. |
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| Impairment of vision as a result of old age. Loss of elasticity of the ciliary body impairs its ability to adjust the lens for accomodation |
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| Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision |
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| Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland) along the margin of the eyelid |
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| Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina). |
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| Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision. Aqueous humor can't drain from the angle made by the iris and cornea |
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| Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid |
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| Blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacimal sac, causing redness and swelling of lower lid |
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| Outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper larimation and corneal drying and ulceration |
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| Inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result |
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| Raised yellowish plaque on the eyelid caused by lipid disorder |
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| Progressive damage to the macula of the retina |
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| Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes |
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| Two layers of the retina separate from each other |
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| Abnormal deviation of the eye. |
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| Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils |
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| Visual examination of the interior eye |
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| Examination of anterior oclar structures under microscopic magnification |
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| Clarity of vision is assessed |
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| Measures the area within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head |
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| Removal of the entire eyeball |
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| Surgical repair of the cornea |
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| Intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels |
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| Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism). |
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| Ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe |
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| Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina |
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| Removal of the vitreous humor |
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