Term
|
Definition
| Affects synthesis of the fungal wall, allowing leakage of cellular contents. Results in decrease or symptoms of fungal infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common: Local burning, itching. Local hypersensitivity reactions, redness, stinging. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Affects the permeability of the fungal walls, allowing leakage of cellular contents. Not active against bacteria. Results in inhibited growth and death of susceptible Candida, with decrease in accompanying symptoms of vulvovginitis (vaginal burning, itching, discharge). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common: Itching, pelvic pain, vulvovaginal burning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interfers with fungal cell wall synthesis (ergosterol biosynthesis) by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidae. Results in fungal wall death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Hepatotoxicity, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome
Common: Anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, vomitting |
|
|
Term
Lamisil:
Monitoring/Assessment/Patient Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor AST and ALT prior to and periodically throughout therapy Assess for s/s of infection before and throughout theapy.Instruct pt. to notify HCP if s/s of liver dysfunction (unusual fatigue, anorexia, n/v, dark urine, pale stools or rash occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the metbolism of folic acid in bacteria at two different points. Results in bactericidal action against susceptible organisims. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Pseudomembraneous colitis, hepatic necrosis, toxic epidermal necrolytis, aplastic anemia, erytema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome
Common: N/V, rashes, phlebitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of the 30S bacterial ribosome. Resuts in bacteriostatic action against susceptible bacteria. |
|
|
Term
Doxycycline:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Pseudomembraneous colitis
Common: Dizziness, N/V, Photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
Doxycycline:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stools should be reported to HCP promptly as a s/s of pseudomembraneous colitis. May begin several weeks following cessation of therapy. Advise pt. to report s/s of superinfection: black, furry overgrowth on the tongue, vaginal itching or discharge, loose or foul-smelling stools. |
|
|
Term
Belclomethasone (Qvar):
Action |
|
Definition
| Potent, locally acting steroidal anti-inflamatory and immune modifier. Results in decreased frequency and severity of asthma attacks. |
|
|
Term
Belclomethasone (Qvar):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Churg-Strauss syndrome
Common: Headache, dyphonia (an impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using vocal organs), hoarsness |
|
|
Term
Belclomethasone (Qvar):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Corticosteroids need to be gradually decreased over 2-4 weeks to prevent complications from adrenal insufficiency. Teach pt. proper use of MDI. Teach pt. to rinse mouth after use of MDI to minimize risk of fungal infections. Clean mouthpiece weekly but don't place MDI in water. |
|
|
Term
Albuteral inhaler (Proventil HFA):
Action |
|
Definition
| Binds to β2-adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle which results in relaxation of airway smooth muscle with subsequent bronchodilation. Relatively selective for β2 pulmonary receptors. |
|
|
Term
Albuteral inhaler (Proventil HFA):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Paradoxical bronchospasm
Common: Nervousness, restlessness, tremor, pediatric insomnia, chest pain, palpitations. |
|
|
Term
Albuteral inhaler (Proventil HFA):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing). If bronchospasm occurs, dc med immediately and notify HCP. Instruct pt. to prime unit w/4 sprays before using and discard cannister after 200 sprays. |
|
|
Term
Salmeteral inhaler (Serevant diskus):
Action |
|
Definition
| Produces accumulation of cAMP at β2-adrenergic receptors, resulting in bronchodlation. |
|
|
Term
Salmeteral inhaler (Serevant diskus):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Salmeteral inhaler (Serevant diskus):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Observe for paradoxical bronchospasms. Watch for s/s of overdose including persistent agitation, chest pain, decreased bp, dizziness, hyperglycemia, seizures, tachyarrhythmias, persistent trembling, vomitting. |
|
|
Term
Pulmicort /Budesonide:
Action |
|
Definition
| Potent, locally acting steroidal anti-inflamatory and immune modifier. Results in decreased frequency and severity of asthma attacks. |
|
|
Term
Pulmicort /Budesonide:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Churg-Strauss syndrome
Common: Headache, dyphonia (an impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using vocal organs), hoarsness |
|
|
Term
Pulmicort /Budesonide:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt Teaching |
|
Definition
| Corticosteroids need to be gradually decreased over 2-4 weeks to prevent complications from adrenal insufficiency. |
|
|
Term
Montelukast (Singulair):
Action |
|
Definition
| Antagonizes the effects of leukotrinenes, which mediate the following: Airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, altered cellular activity. Result is decreased inflamatory process, which ispart of asthma and allergic rhinitis. |
|
|
Term
Montelukast (Singulair):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Serious: Suicidal thoughts, Churg-Strauss syndrome. |
|
|
Term
Montelukast (Singulair):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor closely for changes of behavior that could indicate emergence or worsening of depression or suicidal thoughts. Don't open package until ready to use. Discard unused portion. |
|
|
Term
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent):
Action |
|
Definition
| Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscles, resulting in ↓ cGMP which produces local bronchodilation. Results in bronchodilation w/out systemic anticholinergic effects. |
|
|
Term
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Administer inhaled bronchodilators before Atrovent. Advise pt. to rinse mouth after using inhaler. |
|
|
Term
Metaproterenol (Alupent):
Action |
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator that relaxes smooth muscle. |
|
|
Term
Metaproterenol (Alupent):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Irregular heartbeat
Common: Cough, dizziness, dry mouth headache. |
|
|
Term
Salmeterol (Serevent):
Action |
|
Definition
| Produces accumulation of cAMP at β2-adrenergic receptors, resulting in bronchodlation. |
|
|
Term
Salmeterol (Serevent):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Salmeterol (Serevent):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Once removed from foil overwrap, discard dikus when every blister has been used or 6 weeks have passed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mast cell stabalizer which results in decreased inflamation of bronchials. |
|
|
Term
Cromolyn (Intal):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Epistaxis
Common: Headache, unpleasant taste, hoarseness, coughing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short acting corticosterod that suppresses inflammation and normal immune response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Peptic ulceration, thromboemboism
Common: Depression, euphoria, hypertension, anorexia, n/v, decreased wound healing, ecchymosis, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal suppression, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, Cushingoid appearance. |
|
|
Term
Prednisone:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Assess for s/s adrenal insufficiency. Instruct pt. to inform HCP if severe abdominal pain or tarry stools occur. |
|
|
Term
Methylprednisolone (Solu-cortef):
Action |
|
Definition
| Short acting corticosterod that suppresses inflammation ande normal immune response. |
|
|
Term
Methylprednisolone (Solu-cortef):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Peptic ulceration, thromboemboism.
Common: Depression, euphoria, hypertension, anorexia, n/v, decreased wound healing, ecchymosis, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal suppression, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, Cushingoid appearance. |
|
|
Term
Methylprednisolone (Solu-cortef):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Assess for s/s adrenal insufficiency. Instruct pt. to inform HCP if severe abdominal pain or tarry stools occur. |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl):
Action |
|
Definition
| Antagonizes the effects of histamine release which results in decreased s/s of histamine release (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal and ocular pruritus, ocular tearing and redness, urticria). |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Common: Drowsiness, anorexia, dry mouth. |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Teach pt to take at night, where possible, as med will cause drowsiness. Teach pt. med may cause dry mouth. Use gum or candy to minimize this effect. |
|
|
Term
Loratadine (Claritin):
Action |
|
Definition
| Blocks peripheral effects of hiamine released during allergic reactions. Result in decrease in s/s of allergic reactions (nasal stuffiness, red, swollen eyes, itching). |
|
|
Term
Loratadine (Claritin):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Common: Paradoxical excitation, dry mouth. |
|
|
Term
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
Action |
|
Definition
| Symptomatic management of nasal congestion associated with acute viral URIs. Stimulates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, resultingin reduction of nasal congestion, hyperemia and swelling in nasal passages. |
|
|
Term
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, cardiovascular collapse
Common: Anxiety, nervousness, palpitations, anorexia. |
|
|
Term
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teachin |
|
Definition
| Administer at least 2 hrs before bedtime to minimize insomnia. |
|
|
Term
Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine):
Action |
|
Definition
| Alpha-adrenergic agonist. Results in decreased systemic vascular resistance (primarily for treatment of nasal congestion). |
|
|
Term
Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Bradycardia, hypertension, decreased CO, Diminished renal function, seizures.
Common: Rebound nasal congestion with prolonged use. |
|
|
Term
Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teachin |
|
Definition
| Assess CBC, watch for evidence of blood dyscrasias. Monitor cardiac functioning throughout treatment. Titrate to patient. Do not exceed recommended dosage as systemic effects may take place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis and interfers with metabolism. Results in acteriostatic or bactericidal action against susceptible mycobacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Drug-induced hepatitis
Common: Peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
Isoniazid:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teachin |
|
Definition
| Monitor liver function throughout therapy. AST, ALT and serum bilirubin may indicated drug induced hepatitis. If isoniazid toxicity occurs , treatment with pyridoxine (vitamin B) is instituted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits RNA synthesis by blocking RNA transcription in susceptible organims. Results in bacteriocidal action against susceptible organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common: red discolorartion of teeth, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn, n/v, red discoloration of urine, red discoloration of all body fluids. |
|
|
Term
Rifampin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Emphasize importance of continuing med even after symptoms have susided. Advise pt. to notify HCP if s/s of hepatic function occur. Instruct pt. to notify HCP if flu-like s/s occur. Inform pt. body secretions (urine, tears, saliva, etc.) may turn reddish-brown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria, resulting in bacteriocidal action. |
|
|
Term
Streptomycin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Common: Ataxia |
|
|
Term
Streptomycin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt Teaching |
|
Definition
| Evaluate cranial nerve function by audiometry before and throughout therapy. First sign of tinnitus dc med and inform HCP. |
|
|
Term
Tiotropium (Spiriva):
Action
|
|
Definition
Acts as anticholinergic by selectively a reversibly inhibiting M3 receptors in smooth muscle of airways. Results in decreased incidence and severity of bronchospasm.
|
|
|
Term
Tiotropium (Spiriva):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Angioedema
Common: Dry mouth |
|
|
Term
Tiotropium (Spiriva):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Treatment |
|
Definition
| If paradoxical bronchospasm occurs, dc med. Advise pt. to notify HCP if any s/s of glaucoma occur (eye pain, discomfort, blurred vision, visual halos, colord images in association w. red eyes from conjunctival congestion). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator that also stimulates CNS, diuresis, inotropic and chronotropic effects. |
|
|
Term
Aminophylline:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, arrhythmias
Common: Anxiety, tachycardia, n/v |
|
|
Term
Aminophylline:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Pts w/history of cardiovascular disease should be monitored for chest pain and ECG changes. Advise pt. to minimize consumption of xanthine containing foods (colas, coffee, chocolates). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator that also stimulates CNS, diuresis, inotropic and chronotropic effects. |
|
|
Term
Theophylline:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, arrhythmias
Common: Anxiety, tachycardia, n/v |
|
|
Term
Theophylline:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Pts w/history of cardiovascular disease should be monitored for chest pain and ECG changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interfers with bacterial enzymes resulting in bactericidal or bacteriostatic action. |
|
|
Term
Nitrofurantoin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatoxicity, pseudomembraneous colitis
Common: Anorexia, n/v, hypersensitivity reactions |
|
|
Term
Nitrofurantoin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Admin with food or milk to minimize GI irritation. Diarrea, abdominal cramping, fever and bloody stools should be reported to HCP promptly as a sign of pseudomembranous colitis. Inform pt. med may cause urine to turn rust-brown which isn't significant. Advise pt. to notify HCP if fever, chills, dyspnea skin rash, numbness or tingling of fingers otoes or intolerable GI upset occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Results in in death of susceptible bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, arrhythmias, hepatoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, stevns-Johnson syndrome
Common: Dizziness, headache, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea |
|
|
Term
Cipro:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| If gastric irritation occurs, administer with meals. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever and bloody stools should be reported to HCP promptly as these s/s may be indicative of pseudomembranous colitis. Instruct pt to DC med immediately if rash, jaundice, s/s of hypersensitivity, or tendon pain, swelling or inflammation occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Results in in death of susceptible bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, arrhythmias, hepatoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, stevns-Johnson syndrome
Common: Dizziness, headache, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea |
|
|
Term
Levaquin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Instruct pt. to notiy HCP if s/s of pseudomenbranous colitis occur. Instruct pt to DC med immediately if rash, jaundice, s/s of hypersensitivity, or tendon pain, swelling or inflammation occur. If tendon symptoms occur, avoid exercise and use of affected area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acts locally on the urinary tract mucosa to produre analgesic or local anesthetic effcts. Has no antimicrobialactivity. Results in diminished urinary tract discomfort. |
|
|
Term
Phenazopyridine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Common: Bright orange urine |
|
|
Term
Phenazopyridine:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Medication should be discontinued after pain or discomfort is relieved (usually 2 days for treatment of urinary tract infection). Concurrent antibiotic therapy should continue for full prescribed duration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acts as a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist resulting in inhibition of cholinergically mediated bladder contraction. Results in decreased urgency, frequency and urge incontinence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common: Headache, dizziness, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to bacterial cell walls, resulting in cell death. Results in bactericidal action against susceptible organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Anaphylaxis
Common: Nephrotoxicity, phlebitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces analgesia and reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. Results in decreased platelet aggregation, inflammation and fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: GI bleeding, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolyis, anaphylaxis, laryngeal edema.
Common: Dypepsia, epigastric distress, nausea |
|
|
Term
Aspirin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Prolongs bleeding time for 4-7 days and in large doses, may cause prolonged prothrombin time. Monitor hct periodically in prolonged high-dose therapy to assess fo GI blood loss. Instruct pts to take w/full glass of water and remain in upright position for 15-30 mins after admin. Advise pts to report tinnitus, unusual bleeding of gums, bruising, black, tarry stools or fever lasting longer than 3 days. Use of aspirin in children or teens w/viral infection can increase risk of Reye's syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, which is required for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Results in decreased pain and inflammation caused by arthritis or spondylitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serious: Myocardial infarction, stroke, thrombosis, GI Bleeding, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis |
|
|
Term
Celebrex:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Advise pt to notify HCP if any s/s of GI toxicity (abdominal pain, tarry stools), skin rash, uexplained weight gain, edema, or chest pain occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Results in decreased pain and reduction of fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Drug-induced hepatitis, GI Bleeding, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Common: Dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea |
|
|
Term
Naprosyn:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Administration in higher than recommended doses does not provide increased effectiveness but may cause increased side-effects. Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration pssible to minimize cardiac effects. Coadministration of opiod analgesics may have additive analgesic effects and may permit lower opiod doses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interferes with folic acid metabolism. Results in inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell reproduction. Results in death of rapidly replicating cells, particularly malignant ones, and immunosuppression. |
|
|
Term
Methotrexate:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Pulmonary fibrosis, aplastic anemia.
Common: Arachnoiditis (IT use only), anorexia, hepatoxicity, nausea, stomatitis, vomiting, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nephropathy. |
|
|
Term
Methotrexate:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor VS, for bone marrow depression, for s/s of gout, assess for s/s of nuchal rigidity, monitor CBC and differential prior to and frequently during therapy, monitor BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, bilirubin and LDH. May cause increased serum uric acid concentrations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in decreased pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serious: GI bleeding, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolyis. |
|
|
Term
Meloxicam:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Pts who have asthma, aspirin-induced allergy and nasal polyps are at increased risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
|
Term
Plaquenil/hydroxycholraquine:
Action |
|
Definition
| Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible organisms by inhibiting DNA and RNA polymerase, resulting in death of plasmodia responsible for causing malaria. Also has anti-inflammatory properties. Used in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis, SLE. |
|
|
Term
Plaquenil/hydroxycholraquine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Serious: Seizures, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia. |
|
|
Term
Plaquenil/hydroxycholraquine:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Assess deep tendon reflexes periodically to determine muscle weakness. Med should be dc'ed if this occurs. Advise pt to notify HCP if sore throat, fever, unusual bleeding, bruising, blurred vision, visual changes, tinnitis, difficulty hearing or muscle weakness occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Locally acting anti-inflammatory action in the colon, where activity is probably a resulof inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in reduction in the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnsons syndrome
Common: Headache, anorexia, diarrhea, n/v, rashes, fever. |
|
|
Term
Azulfidine:
Assessments/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Assess for s/s of allergy (fever, rash). DC med if these s/s occur. Monior CBC before and every 3-6 mos during prolonged therapy. DC sulfasalazine if blood dyscrasia occur. Inform pt that this med may cause urine to turn orange-yellow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antagonizes purine metabolism with subsequent ihibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Results in suppression of cell-mediated immunity and altered antibody formation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Serum sickness
Common: Anorexia, hepatotoxicity, n/v, anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, chills, fever. |
|
|
Term
Imuran:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Advise pts to avoid contact w/persons w/contagious diseases and persons who have recently taken oral poliovius vaccine or other live viruses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interfers with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors, resulting in prevention of thromboembolic events. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Coumadin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Assess for evidence of additional or increased throbosis. Med takes 3-5 days to reach therapeutic levels. Don't change brands; potencies may not be equivilant. Assess for s/s of bleeding hemorrhage. Monitor PT, INR and other clotting factors frequently during admin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting the binding of ATP to platelet receptors. Results in decreased occurance of atherosclerotic events in patients at risk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GI bleeding, bleeding, neutropenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
|
Term
Plavix:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor pt for s/s of thrombotic thrombocytic purpura. Monitor bleeding time during theapy. Prolonged bleeding time, which is dose dependent, is expected. Advise pt to notify HCP promptly if fever, chills, sore throat or unusual bleeding occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin. In low doses, prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin bits effects on factor Xa. Higher doses neutralize thrombin, preventing t conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Results in prevention of thrombis formation and extension of existing thrombi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Bleeding
Common: Anemia, thrombocytopenia (can occur up to severeal weeks after dc of therapy) |
|
|
Term
Heparin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| May cause hyperkalemia and increased AST and ALT levels, monitor platelet count every 2-3 days throughout therapy. Assess for s/s of bleeding and hemorrhage. Assess pt for evidence of additional or increased thrombosis. Monitor aPTT and hct prior to and periodically during therapy. It is desired to have a PTT of 1.2-2.5 times the control, without signs of hemorrhage. Instruct pt not to take meds containing aspirin or NSAIDs while on heparin therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks stimulation of beta1 (myocardial) adrenergic receptors. Does not usually affect beta2 (pulmonary, vascular, uterine) receptor sites. Results in decreased blood pressure and heart rate. Decreased frequency of attacks of angina pectoris. Prevention of MI. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Bradycardia, CHF, Pulmonary edema
Common: Fatigue, weakness, erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
Atenolol:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor I&O ratios and daily weights. Assess routinely for CHF (dyspnea, rales/crackles, weight gain, peripheral edema, JVD). Advise pts to make sure enough medication is available for weekends, holidays and vacations. A written prescription may be kept in wallet in case of emergency. |
|
|
Term
Cardizem - Ca++ channel blockers:
Action |
|
Definition
| Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent contraction. Resulting in systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased blood pressure. Coronary vasodilation resuing in decreased frequcy and severity of attacks of angina. REduction of ventricular rate in atrial fibrilation or flutter. |
|
|
Term
Cardizem - Ca++ channel blockers:
Side effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Arrhythmias, CHF, Stevens-Johnsons syndrome
Common: Peripheral edema |
|
|
Term
Cardizem - Ca++ channel blockers:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Pts receiving digoxin concurrently with calcium channel blockers should have routine serum digoxin levels checked and be monitored for s/s of digoxin toxicity. Monitor EKG continuously during admin. Report bradycardia or prolonged hypotension promptly. Assess for s/s of CHF (peripheral edema, rales/crackles, dyspnea, weight gain, JVD). Monitor serum K+ periodically. Hypokalemia increases the risk of arrhythmias and should be corrected. |
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|
Term
Cozaar - Angeiotensin II receptor blockers:
Action |
|
Definition
| Blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone producing effects of angiotensin II at receptor sites, including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. Results in lowering of BP, slowed progression of diabetic neuropathy, reduced cardiovascular death and hospitalizations due to CHF. |
|
|
Term
Cozaar - Angeiotensin II receptor blockers:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Angioedema
Common: Dizziness, hypotension |
|
|
Term
Cozaar - Angeiotensin II receptor blockers:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Emphasize importance of taking as directed, even if not feeling well. Caution pts to avoid salt substitutes containing K+ or food containing high levels of K+ or Na unless directed by HCP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors also prevent the degradation of bradykin and other vasodilatory prostaglandins. Results in lowering of BP in hpoertensive pts. Improved survival and decreased development of overt heart failure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Agranulocytosis, angioedema
Common: Cough, hypotension, taste disturbances. |
|
|
Term
Lisinopril:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Persistant dry cough may occur and may not subside until medication is discontinued. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving collateral flow to ischemic regions. Produces vasodilation (venous greater than arterial). Decreases left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular end-distolic volume (preload). Results in relief or prevention of anginal attacks. Increased cardiac output. Reduction of blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Common: Dizziness, headaches, hypotension, tachycardia. |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| For IV, doses must be diluted and administered as an infusion. For PO, administer dose 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals w/a full glass of water for faster absorption. For SL, tablet shod be held uder tongue until dissolved. For acute anginal attacks, advise pt to sit down and use med at first sign of attack. Relief usually occurs w/in first 5 mins. Dose may be repeated if pain isn't relieved in 5-10 mins. Call HCP or go to emergency room if anginal pain isn't relieved by 3 tabs in 15 mins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Limits seizure propagation by altering ion transport. May also decrease synaptic transmission. Antiarrhythmic properties as a result of shortening the action potential and decreasing autonomicity. Results in diminished seizure activity and termination of ventricular arrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Suicidal thoughts, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome.
Common: Ataxia, hypotension, diplopia, nystagmus, gingiva hyperplasia, nausea, hypertrichosis, rash. |
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|
Term
Dilantin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Implement seizure precautions. Advise pts that brands of phenytoin may not be equivilant. Advise pt not to take phenytoin w/in 2-3 hrs of antacid. Advise pt and family to notify HCP if thoughts of suicide or dying, attempts to commit suicide, new or worsening depression or anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, new or worsening aggression occur. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alters the perception and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression. |
|
|
Term
Morphine Sulfate:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Respiratory depression
Common: Confusion, sedation, constipation, hypotension |
|
|
Term
Morphine Sulfate:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Regularly scheduled doses may be more effective than PRN administration.Coadministration with nonopiod analgesics may have additive analgesic effects and may permit lower doses. Emphasize the importance of aggressive prevention of constipation with morphine use. Monitor respiratory rate and LOC carefully with Morphine use. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to and stimulates the immature neutrophils to divide and differentiate. Also actiates mature neurophils. Resultsin decreased icidence of infection of patients who are netropenic from chemotherapy or other causes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common: Medullary bone pain |
|
|
Term
Neupogen:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Administer no earlier than 24 hours after cytotoxic chemo, at least 24 hours after bone marrow infusion and not during the 24 hours before administration of chemo. Monitor ANC. Therapy shouldn't be DCed until ANC >10,000 mm3. |
|
|
Term
Neumega/Oprevlikin:
Action |
|
Definition
| Stimulates production of megakaryocyte and platelets. |
|
|
Term
Neumega/Oprevlikin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Ventricular arrhythmias
Common: Dizziness, headache, insomnia, nervousness, weakness, conjunctival hemorrhage, cough, dyspnea, pleural effusions, atrial fibrillation, edema, palpitations, syncope, tachycardia, vasodilation, ventricular arrhythmias, anorexia, constipations, diarrhea, dyspepsia, mucositis, n/v, oral moniliasis, alopecia, ecchymoses, rash, bone pain, myalgia, chills, fever, infection, pain. |
|
|
Term
Neumega/Oprevlikin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Therapy should be started w/in6-24 hrs after completion of chemo and continued for 10-21 days. Treatment should be Dced at least 2 days prior to next planned chemo cycle. Monitor platelet count prior tond periodically during therapy, especiay at expected nadir. Therapy is continued until postnadir platelet cound is ≥50,000 cells/mL. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates erythropoiesis, resulting in maintenance and elevation of RBCs, decreasing need for transfusions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, CHF, MI, stroke, thrombotic events
Common: Hypertension |
|
|
Term
Epogen:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Institute seizure precautions in pts who experience >a 4-point increase in hematocrit in a 2 week period or exhibit any change in neuro status. Risk of seizures is greatest in first 90 days of therapy. Advise pt to notify HCP if s/s of blood clots (chest pain, SOB, cool or pale arm or leg, sonfusion, tuble speaking or understanding others speech, sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body) occur. Explain rationale for concurrent iron therapy. |
|
|
Term
Arenesp/Darbepoetin:
Action |
|
Definition
| Stimulates erythropoiesis, resulting in maintenance and elevation of RBCs, decreasing need for transfusions. |
|
|
Term
Arenesp/Darbepoetin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, CHF, MI, stroke, thrombotic events
Common: Dizziness, headache, insomnia, nervousness, weakness, conjunctival hemorrhage, cough, dyspnea, pleural effusions, atrial fibrillation, edema, palpitations, syncope, tachycardia, vasodilation, ventricular arrhythmias, anorexia, constipations, diarrhea, n/v, myalgia, fever. |
|
|
Term
Arenesp/Darbepoetin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Institute seizure precautions in pts who experience >a 1.0 g/dL increase in hempglobin in a 2-week period or who exhibit any change in neuro status. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interfers with viral DNA synthesis, resulting in inhibition of viral replication, decreased viral shedding and reduced time for healing of lesions. Used in recurrent genital herpes infections, chickenpox. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, renal failure, Stevens-Johnsons syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Common: Dizziness, headache, diarrhea, n/v, pain, phlebitis. |
|
|
Term
Acyclovir:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Acyclovir treatment should be started as soon as possible after herpes simplex symptoms appear and within 24 hours of a herpes zoster outbreak. Inform pt that med isn't a cure. The virus lies dormant in the ganglia and acyclovir will not prevent the spread of infection to others. Advise pt that condoms should be used during sexual contact and that no sexual contact should be made when lesions are present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits protein synthesis resulting in bacteriostatic action agains susceptible organisms. |
|
|
Term
Azithromycin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Pseudomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema
Common: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea. |
|
|
Term
Azithromycin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt Teaching |
|
Definition
| If administering PO, take one hour before or two hours after meals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis resulting in bacteriostatic action agains susceptible organisms. |
|
|
Term
Doxycycline:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Pseudomembranous colitis,
Common: dizziness, vestibular reactions, diarrhea, n/v, photosensitivity. |
|
|
Term
Doxycycline:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| May cause yellow-brown discoloration of teethand bones if administered prenatally and during early childhood. Avoid taking antacids, zinc, calcium, magnesium or aluminum containing meds, sodium bicarb or iron supplements w/in 1-3 hours of oral tetracyclines. |
|
|
Term
Methonidazole (Flagyl):
Action |
|
Definition
| Disrupts DNA and protein synthesis in susceptible organisms, resulting in bacteriocidal, trichomonacidal or amedicidal action. |
|
|
Term
Methonidazole (Flagyl):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, Stevens-Johnsons syndrome.
Common: Dizziness, headache, aseptic meningitis, encephalopathy, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea. |
|
|
Term
Methonidazole (Flagyl):
Assessment/Monioring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| For PO admin, can be administered with food or milk to minimize gastric upset. Advise pt to notify HCP if no improvement in a few days or if s/s of a superinfection (black, furry overgrowth on tongue, vaginal itching or discharge, loose or foul-smelling stools) develop. Med may cause an unpleasant metalic taste. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death. |
|
|
Term
Ceftriaxone:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Seizures, psuedomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnsons syndrome, anaphylaxis, serum sickness.
Common: Diarrhea, n/v, rashes, pain at IM site, phlebitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreases hepatic glucose production. Decreases intestinal glucose absorption. Results in maintenance of blood glucose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serious: Lactic acidosis
Common: Abdominal bloating, diarrhea, n/v |
|
|
Term
Metformin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Metformin should be temporariy DCed in pts requiring surgery involving restricted intake of food and fluids. Pts stabalized on a diabetic regimen who are exposed to stress, fever, trauma, infection or surgery may require administration of insulin. Withhold metformin and reinstitute after resolution of acute episode. |
|
|
Term
Glipizide - sulfonyureas:
Action |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas and increasing the sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites. May also decrease hepatic glucose production. |
|
|
Term
Glipizide - sulfonyureas:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Aplastic anemia
Common: Photosensitivity, hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
Glipizide - sulfonyureas:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Concurrent use of alcohol may cause a disulfiram-like reaction (abdominal cramps, nausea, flushing, headaches and hypoglycemia). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 which slows the inactivaton of incretin hormones, resulting in increased levels of active incretin hormones. These homones are released by the intestine throughout the day anare involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis. Increased/prolonged incretin levels, increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels. |
|
|
Term
Sitagliptin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sitagliptin:
Assessments/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor for s/s of pancreatitis (n/v, anorexia, persistent severe abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to the back) durintherapy. If pancreatitis occurs, DC med and monitor serum and urine amylase, amylase/creatinine clearance ratio, electrolytesserumcalcium, glucose and lipase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by inhibiting the enzyme alpha-glucsidase in the GI tract. Delays andreduces glucose absorption. Results in lowering of blood glucose in diabetic patients, especially ostprandial hyperglycemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Improves sensitivity to insulin by acting as an agonist at receptor sites involved in insulin responsiveness and subsequent glucose producon and utilization. Resultins in decreased insin resistance, resulting in glycemic control without hypoglycemia. |
|
|
Term
Pioglitazone:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pioglitazone:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Assess for s/s of heart failure (edema, dyspnea, rapid weight gain, unusual tiredness). Monitor CBC with differential periodically during therapy. May cause decrease in H&H, usually during first 4-12 wks of therapy. Advise pt to ntify HCP if s/s of hepatic dysfunction (n/v, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, dark urine, jaundice) or CHF (edema, SOB, rapid weigh gain, tiredness) occur. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Novolog (aspart):
Action |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and fat, inhibiting hepatic production of glucose. Inhibits lypolysis and proteolysis, enhanced protein synthesis. These are rapid-acting insulins with a more rapid onset and shorter duration than regular insulin, should be used with an intermediate or long acting insulin. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Novolog (aspart):
Nursing Implications |
|
Definition
| Onset within 15 mins. Peak 1-3 hrs, duration 3-5 hrs. Administer 5-10 minutes before a meal. Insulin aspart may be mixed with NPH. When mixing insulins, draw insulin aspart into syringe first to avoid contamination of rapid-acting insulin vial. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humalin R:
Action |
|
Definition
| Control of hyperglycemia in pts with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, can bused to treat diabetic ketoacidosis. Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat, inhibiting hepatic glucose productin. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humalin R (Regular):
Nursing Implications |
|
Definition
| Onset 30-60 mins, Peak 2-4 hours, Duration 5-7 hous. Administer regular insuin 15-30 minutes before meal. Prior to withdrawing dose, rotate vial between palms to ensure uniform solution; do not shake. When mixing insulins, draw regular insulin into syringe first to avoid contamination of regular insulin vial. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humalin N (NPH):
Action |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and fat, inhibiting hepatic production of glucose. Inhibits lypolysis and proteolysis, enhanced protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humalin N (NPH):
Nursing Implications |
|
Definition
| Onset 1-2 hours, peak 4-12 hours, duration 18-24 hours. Administer NHP insulin within 30-60 mins before a meal. Prior to withdrawing dose, rotate vial between palms to ensure uniform solution; do not shake. When mixing insulins, draw insulin aspart, glulisin, lispro or regular insulin into syringe first to avoid contamination of regular insulin vial. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humulin 70/30 (NPH/regular insulin mixture):
Action |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and fat, inhibiting hepatic production of glucose. Inhibits lypolysis and proteolysis, enhanced protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humulin 70/30 (NPH/regular insulin mixture):
Nursing Implications |
|
Definition
| Onset 30 minutes, peak 4-8 hrs, duration 24 hours. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humalog 75/25 (Insulin lispro suspension/insulin lispro injection mixture):
Action |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and fat, inhibiting hepatic production of glucose. Inhibits lypolysis and proteolysis, enhanced protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Humalog 75/25 (Insulin lispro suspension/insulin lispro injection mixture):
Nursing Implications |
|
Definition
| Onset 15-30 mins, peak 2.8 hours, duration 24 hours. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Lantus (glargine):
Action |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and fat, inhibiting hepatic production of glucose. Inhibits lypolysis and proteolysis, enhanced protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
Insulin - Lantus (glargine):
Nursing Implications |
|
Definition
| Onset 3-4 hrs, peak none, duration 24 hrs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppresses secretion of serostatin and gastroenterohepatic peptides, increases absorption of fluid and electrolytes from the GI tract and increases transit time. Decreases levels of serotonin metabolites. Also suppresses growth hormone, insulin and glucagon. Results in control of severe flushing and diarrhea associated with GI endocrine tumors. |
|
|
Term
Sandostatin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sandostatin:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Do not use solution that is discored or contains particulate matter. Ampules should be refrigerated but may be stored at room temp for days they will be used. |
|
|
Term
Desmopressin (DDAVP):
Action |
|
Definition
| An analogue of naturally occuring vasopressin (ADH). Primary action is enhanced reabsorption of H2O in the kidneys. Results in prevention of nocturnal enuresis, maintenance of appropriate body water content in diabetes insipidus and control of bleeding in certain types of hemophilia or von Willebrand's disease. |
|
|
Term
Desmopressin (DDAVP):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Desmopressin (DDAVP):
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Advise pt to notify HCP if bleeding is not controlled or if headache, dyspnea, heartburn, nausea, abdominal cramps, vuval pain or severe nasal congestion or irritation occurs. Advise pt that rhinitis or URI may decrease effectiveness of this therapy. If increased urine output occurs, pt should contact HCP for dosage adjustment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones, resulting in decreased s/s of hyperthyroidism. |
|
|
Term
Propylthiuracil:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Serious: Hepatotoxicity, agranulocytosis
Common: N/V, rash |
|
|
Term
Propylthiuracil:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt. Teaching |
|
Definition
| Monitor response of s/s of hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis (tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, insomnia, fever, diaphoresis, heat intolerance, weight loss, tremors, diarrhea). Assess pt for development of hypothyroidism (intolerance to cold, constipation, dry skin, headache, listlessness, tiredness or weakness). Dose adjustment may be required. Thyroid function studies should be monitored prior to therapy, monthy during therapy and every 2-3 mos throughout therapy. Agranulocytosis may develop rapily and usually occurs durg first 2 mos. This necessitates DC of therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replacement of supplementation of endogenous thyroid hormones. Principle effect is increasing metabolic rate of body tissues. Promote gluconeogenesis, increases utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulates protein synthesis, promotes cell growth and differentiation, aids in the development of the brain and CNS. REsults in replacement in hypothyroidism to restore normal hormonal balance. Suppression of thyroid cancers. |
|
|
Term
Levothyroxine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Levothyroxine:
Assessment/Monitoring/Pt Teaching |
|
Definition
| Initial dose is low, especially in geriatric and cardiac patients. Dose is gradually increased based on thyroid function tests. Advise pt to notify health care professional if headache, nervousnes, diarrhea, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, chest pain, increased pulse rate, palpitations, weight loss >2 lbs/week, or any unusual smptoms occur. |
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