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Advanced Hematology Exam 2
Exam 2
190
Health Care
Professional
06/11/2013

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Cards

Term
True or False:

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPD) are pluripotential stem cell disorders.
Definition
True

They are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells
Term
True or False:

With MPD's only one cell line if affected.
Definition
False

All cell lines are affected, but one line is affected most in each category
Term
True or False:

Maturation does not occur during a MPD
Definition
False

It does
Term
What disease is likely present given the following symptoms:

Increased platelets, increased fibroblasts, increased marrow fibrosis, extramedullary hematopoesis
Definition
MPD
Term
With polycythemia vera, what would one expect to appear in the lab results for an EPO test?
Definition
decreased to almost absent EPO
Term
True or False:

Polycythemia vera decreases the blood viscosity.
Definition
False

It increases viscosity
Term
With polycythemia vera, what would one expect to appear in the lab results for an LAP?
Definition
Increased LAP since it is not CML and there is an increase in WBC's
Term
True or False:

A left shift is always present with polycythemia vera.
Definition
True
Term
True or False:

Basophilia is one symptom associated with polycythemia vera.
Definition
True
Term
With polycythemia vera, when you look at a bone marrow smear, would would you expect for the following:

Cellularity?
M:E ratio?
Any increase in particular cells?
Definition
Hypercellular marrow
Normal M:E ratio
Increase in megakaryocytes (increase in platelets is typice of PCV so an increase in megakaryocytes is typical)
Term
The following clinical symptoms are associated with which disease:

Pruritis, headache, weakness, weight loss, fatigue, hypertension, bleeding. (Proliferative disorder of the blood)
Definition
Polycythemia vera
Term
With treatment, what is the life expectancy/prognosis in an individual suffering from polycythemia vera?

W/O treatment?
Definition
9-12 years

<18 months
Term
When observing a peripheral smear, you observe leukoerythroblastosis along with dacrocytes, abnormal platelets, and ovalocytes. You also take note that the RBC count is decreased. What disease is likely present?
Definition
Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia
Term
In Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia, what is significant about the bone marrow?
Definition
Hypocellular bone marrow with fibrotic features
Term
In a patient with Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia the attending physician orders a LAP test. What results would you expect?
Definition
LAP should be normal to slightly increased
Term
What disease are the following clinical features associated with:

Splenomegaly, pallor, petecchiae
Definition
Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia
Term
Which proliferative blood disorder is defined by in markedly increased platelet count with extremely abnormal shape and size
Definition
Essential Thrombocythemia
Term
Bone marrow megakaryocytic hyperplasia is a laboratory finding associated with which proliferative blood disorder?
Definition
Essential Thrombocythemia
Term
A 45 year old male enters the ER with thrombosis of the leg. The attending physician orders a CBC, LAP, and performs a bone marrow biopsy. The laboratory findings are as follows:

*Platelets markedly increased
*WBC 15,000 cells per uL
*RBC 5 million cells per uL
*LAP 85
*Increased megakaryocytes in bone marrow with abnormal morphology

What proliferative blood disorder is likely present?
Definition
Essential Thrombocythemia
Term
A patient visits his family physician with complaints of vague malaise with an insidious onset. The physician orders a CBC and obtains the following results:

Blasts: 3%
Myelocytes: 10%
Metamyelocytes: 22%
Bands: 15%
PMN: 40%
Lymphocytes: 6%
Basophils: 2%
Monocytes: 2%

Based off of those results, the physician orders a LAP which shows a score of 6.

Which proliferative blood disorder is likely present
Definition
Chronic myelocytic leukemia
Term
The Philadelphia Chromosome translocation occurs between which two chromosomes? Which proliferative blood disorder is associated with the Philadelphia Chromosome?
Definition
Translocation between 9 and 22

Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Term
What does the BCR/ABL rearrangement essentially describe? Which proliferative blood disorder is BCR/ABL associated with?
Definition
BCR/ABL describes the Philadelphia Chromosome which is the translocation between 9 and 22

Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Term
Tyrosine Kinase is increased in which proliferative blood disorder?
Definition
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Term
What is significant about the laboratory results in a patient suffering form Juvenile Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia?
Definition
The Philadelphia Chromosome is absent, therefore it is not a true CML
Term
In a patient suffering from Juvenile Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia, what would one expect to see in the lab for the following tests:

WBC
RBC
Platelets
LAP
Muramidase
Definition
WBC and Muramidase are the only levels that are increased

The rest of the lab values are decreased
Term
An extreme anemia with a decrease in platelets should alert you for what?
Definition
Blasts
Term
What type of testing refers to cell maker identification by flow cytometry?
Definition
Immunophenotyping
Term
Which form of leukemia is often positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)?
Definition
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Term
The special stain, esterase, is often used for...?
Definition
Differentiating between myelocytic and monocytic cell lines
Term
True or False:

Specific esterase is negative in granulocytic cells
Definition
False
Term
Non-specific esterase is present in which cell lines?
Definition
Monocytic, megakaryocytes, and some granulocytes
Term
A focally positive non-specific esterase is significant in the diagnosis for which leukemia?
Definition
T-cell leukemia
Term
What type of cells contain myeloperoxidase?
Definition
Myeloblasts
Term
What does myeloperoxidase differentiate between?
Definition
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemias (ANNL vs ALL)
Term
True or False:

Myeloperoxidase has NO presence in monocytic cells
Definition
False

A small amount of myeloperoxidase is present in monocytic cells
Term
The purpose of a PAS stain is to stain ___________ in cells?
Definition
Glycogen
Term
Neoplastic lymphoid cells and erythroleukemia show block positivity when which special stain is applied?
Definition
PAS stain
Term
Sudan black B is a special stain which stains ___________ in cells?
Definition
lipids
Term
This special stain is positive in all of the following:

granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, and red cells of erythroleukemia
Definition
Sudan black B
Term
Which special stain would you use to differentiate between basophilic leukemia and mast cell disease?
Definition
Toluidine blue
Term
Specifically which cells and where at within those cells would you find a positive TdT reaction?
Definition
Within the nucleus of lymphoblasts
Term
Which special stain would you use to distinguish lymphoblastic disorders?
Definition
TdT
Term
If TdT is positive, what indication will that have on a myeloperoxidase test?
Definition
Myeloperoxidase will be negative
Term
How is muramidase excreted from the body?
Definition
in the urine
Term
Which leukemia would you want to observe the CSF? What are you looking for when observing the CSF? If what you are looking for is found, what type of therapy would be required and why?
Definition
ALL

Looking for blasts. If they are found then intrathecal chemotherapy is required because typical chemotherapy cannot cross the blood-brain barrier
Term
What is the formal name for the leukemia M0?
Definition
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
Term
What type of cell dominates in acute undifferentiated leukemia?
Definition
Unclassified blast cells
Term
What would be the results of cytochemical staining in a patient suffering from acute undifferentiated leukemia?
Definition
cytochemical stains would be negative
Term
Acute myelocytic leukemia with minimal maturation is given which M* name?
Definition
M1
Term
What are the following results in a patient suffering from acute myelocytic leukemia with minimal maturation:

Myeloperoxidase
Sudan Black B
TdT
Specific esterase
Non-specific esterase
Definition
Myeloperodiase (+)
Sudan Black B (-)
TdT (-)
Specific esterase (+)
Non-specific esterase (-) "or weakly positive"
Term
Leukemic hiatus is a condition associated with which myelocytic leukemia?
Definition
Acute myelocytic leukemia with minimal maturation
Term
What is a likely percentage of blasts in a patient suffering from acute myelocytic leukemia with minimal maturation?
Definition
Roughly 90%
Term
What condition differentiates AML from CML?
Definition
extreme thrombocytopenia
Term
What is the formal name for M2 leukemia?
Definition
Acute myelocytic leukemia with maturation
Term
Which form of leukemia is associated with t(15;17) (q22;q12)
Definition
Acute promeylocytic leukemia
Term
Why was acute promyelocytic leukemia very dangerous at one point?
Definition
Because of the promyleocytes present, they contain primary granules which stimulated teh coagulation cascade often times causing DIC leading to the patients bleeding out naturally or from chemotherapy
Term
Fagot cells are associated with which form of leukemia?
Definition
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Term
Trans-retinoic acid is the treatment of choice for which form of leukemia?
Definition
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Term
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia shows what for the following lab tests:

Myeloperoxidase
Sudan black B
Specific esterase
Non-specific esterase
Muramidase
Definition
Positive for everything
Term
Soft tissue tumors are often associated with which form of leukemia?
Definition
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
Term
What is the predominant cell associate with acute myelomonocytic leukemia?
Definition
WBCs with convoluted nuclei
Term
Naegli leukemia is another name for which form of leukemia?
Definition
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
Term
Schillings leukemia is another name for...?
Definition
Acute monocytic leukemia
Term
What is the predominant cell in acute monocytic leukemia?
Definition
Immature monocyte
Term
What is the predominant cell in the bone marrow in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia?
Definition
monocytic cells
Term
What is the results for the following lab tests in a patient suffering from acute monocytic leukemia:

Myeloperoxidase
Sudan Black B
non-specific esterase
Muramidase
Definition
Myeloperoxidase: negative to weakly positive
Sudan black b: negative to weakly positive
N/S esterase: +
Muramidase: +
Term
Which form of leukemia is classified by organ involvement?
Definition
Acute monocytic leukemia
Term
Another name for erythroleukemia is...?
Definition
DiGuglielmo's disease
Term
The following findings are associated with which leukemia:

N/N anemia, nRBC's, small amount of blasts, thrombocytopenia, PAS block positivity, megaloblastoid bone marrow
Definition
Erythroleukemia
Term
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia will often show what in the peripheral blood?
Definition
Immature megakaryocytes, normal platelet count, giant platelets
Term
True or False:

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate

(both of these are N/S esterases)
Definition
False:

Although they are both N/S esterases, acute megakaryocytic leukemia is negative for alpha-naphthyl-butyrate but it is positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate.
Term
On terms of being benign or malignant, rank the following from most benign to most malignant:

Myeloproliferative disorders
Acute leukemias
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Reactive leukocytosis
Definition
Reactive leukocytosis
Myeloproliferative disorders
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Acute Leukemias
Term
All of the refractory anemias fall under which category on the spectrum of granulocytic proliferation disorders?
Definition
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Term
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia falls under which category on the spectrum of granulocytic proliferation disorders?
Definition
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Term
Chronic myelocytic leukemia falls under which category on the spectrum of granulocytic proliferation disorders?
Definition
Myeloproliferative disorders
Term
GM-CSF stimulates production of what two types of cells?
Definition
Granulocytes and macrophages
Term
G-CSF stimulates production and enhances the function of which type of cells?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
M-CSF stimulates the production of which cell line?
Definition
macrophage-monocyte cell line
Term
What works with CSFs to stimulate WBC production and maturation?
Definition
Interleukins
Term
Through what structures do WBC's enter the peripheral blood?
Definition
Sinusoidal spaces
Term
What process describes blood cells crossing from marginating pool to circulating pool?
Definition
Diapedesis
Term
What is the function of chemotactic factors?
Definition
Attract granulocytes to infection or injury site where phagocytosis of foreign objects occurs
Term
True or False:

Myeloperoxidase production occurs early in the myeloblast stage.
Definition
False

occurs in the late myeloblast stage
Term
True or False:

The metamyelocytes are the last stage which can undergo reproduction (mitosis)
Definition
False

Myelocytes
Term
What 2 types of cells are found in the storage pool?
Definition
PMN's and Bands
Term
What is the principle behind the marginating pool?
Definition
50% of cells in peripheral blood adhere to the endothelium and may be released quickly during stress, exercise, labor, or infection
Term
What structure on neutrophils enhances phagocytosis?
Definition
Opsonins (process is opsonization)
Term
A bacterial infection will show in increase in which cell type?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
Which 3 types of anemia are associated with neutropenia?
Definition
Aplastic, b12, folate
Term
ACTH administration will decrease which cell line?
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
True or False:

A pyknotic nucleus is likely the result of a viral infection
Definition
False

Bacterial
Term
Hypersegmentation of the neutrophils occurs from which two types of anemia's?
Definition
B12 and folate
Term
Heterozygous Pelgeroid cells look like?
Definition
bilobed pmn nucleus
Term
Homozygous pelgeroid cells look like?
Definition
non-segmented nucleus
Term
An inactivated X chromosome under the nuclear appendages category is referred to as...?
Definition
Barr body
Term
Dohle bodies are ...?
Definition
Pale blue staining areas in the cytoplasm of pmns. They are composed of residual RNA from hurried development
Term
Dohle bodies arise from?
Definition
qBacterial infections
Term
True or False:

Prolonged contact with heparin may result in the formation of Dohle Bodies?
Definition
False

EDTA
Term
Primary granules containing lysozymes are known as?
Definition
Toxic granulation
Term
When would one see toxic vaculoization?
Definition
as bacteria are phagocytized and digested by the neutrophils
Term
Lupus Erytheroid cells are...
Definition
homogenous nuclear masses occupying most of the cytoplasm of the cell that has engulfed it.
Term
Alder Reilly anomaly is often confused with...
Definition
Toxic granulation
Term
In this anomaly, an abnormal deposition of mucopolysaccharides are within a cells cytoplasm which prevents the mucopolysaccharides from being broken down.
Definition
Alder-Reilly Anomaly
Term
True or False:

Alder Reilly anomaly is autosomal dominant
Definition
False

autosomal recessive
Term
Large acidophilic granules in the WBC cytoplasm is an indicator of which disorder?
Definition
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Term
Why are patients with Chediak Higashi albino?
Definition
Because the granules interfere with melanocytes
Term
True or False:

Thromocytemia is often a concern with Chediak Higashi syndrome
Definition
False

platelet count and function decrease leading to hemorrhage, not clotting
Term
This WBC anomaly is autosomal dominant and presents giant platelets and thrombocytopenia. The cytoplasm appears to have Dohle body like inclusions.
Definition
May-Hegglin Anomaly
Term
Clover shaped WBC nucleus is referred to as...?
Definition
Karorrhexis
Term
If you suspect platelet satellitism, what type of tube should you request blood be collected in?
Definition
EDTA
Term
If there is a precipitation of Wright's stain, what should you do?
Definition
Make sure the filter buffer pH is 7.0 to assure proper staining
Term
True or False:

Smudge cells are cells that have their cytoplasm stripped away.
Definition
True
Term
This cell looks like a monoblast, however, the nucleus is foamy and the cytoplasm is blue/gray
Definition
Promonocyte
Term
True or False:

One cause of monocytosis is chronic parasitic infestations
Definition
True
Term
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by what process?
Definition
Erythrophagocytosis
Term
Peripheral blood pancytopenia is another name for this disease.
Definition
Gaucher's Disease
Term
This disease is characterized by the monocytes not being able to degrade glucocerebrosides. There are also large macrophages with wrinkled cytoplasm present.
Definition
Gaucher's Disease
Term
This disease is characterized by the inability to degrade sphingomyelin and cholesterol.
Definition
Niemann-Pick Disease
Term
What is the appearance of a Niemann-Pick cell in the bone marrow?
Definition
A large macrophage with foamy cytoplasm
Term
What is the appearance of a Niemann-Pick cell in the peripheral blood?
Definition
monocytes and lymphocytes with vacuolization
Term
True or False:

Sea-Blue histocytosis occurs in the peripheral blood.
Definition
False

This occurs only in the bone marrow
Term
Large macrocytes with blue-green cytoplasm within the bone marrow is defining of which disease?
Definition
Sea-blue histocytosis
Term
Vacuolation of peripheral lymphocytes and bone marrow histocytes is defining of which disease?
Definition
Tay-Sachs
Term
What cell is expected to be abnormal in a person suffering from Brodetella pertussis?
Definition
Lymphocytes (variant lymphs are pesent)
Term
True or False:

Variant lymphocytes are present during a hepatitis infection
Definition
True
Term
True or False:

T and B cells migrate to the peripheral blood and then to the lymph nodes
Definition
False

lymph nodes -> peripheral blood
Term
True or False:

80% of peripheral lymphocytes are B lymphocytes
Definition
False

T lymphs
Term
What type of cells is a non-b/non-t lymphocyte?
Definition
Natural Killer Cell
Term
What is the function of a CD4 cell?
Definition
Assist macrophage in the activation of B lymphocytes
Term
What type of lymphcyte eliminates cells that carry specific antigens?
Definition
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Term
What is the function of Delayed hypersensitivity T lymphocytes?
Definition
Produce lymphokines that attract macrophages to the site of infection and confine them to the infected area
Term
True or False:

T lymphocytes transform into plasma cells with the purpose of producing antibodies
Definition
False

B lymphcytes transform with the aid of T lymphocytes and macrophages into plasma cells
Term
When would heterophile antibodies show up (if at all) during reactive lymphocytosis not associated with mononucleosis?
Definition
They don't show up
Term
When would heterophile antibodies show up (if at all) during reactive lymphocytosis associated with mononucleosis?
Definition
After one week
Term
True or False:

The Epstein Barr virus titer is negative during a CMV infection
Definition
True
Term
A single large granule in the cytoplasm of lymphcytes and multiple granules in neutrophilic cytoplasms is defining of which disease/anomaly?
Definition
Chediak-Higashi
Term
Which leukemia do smudge cells appear in?
Definition
CLL
Term
What is a Mott cell?
Definition
plasma cell in bone marrow with berry-like appearance
Term
What 2 disorders are associated with Mott cells?
Definition
hypergammaglobulinemia and multiple myeloma
Term
What are Russell Bodies?
Definition
inclusions in plasma cells of the bone marrow

(included in Mott cells)
Term
With ALL what are the following results of these special stains:

Myeloperoxidase
Sudan Black B
PAS
TdT
Definition
Myeloperoxidase -
Sudan black B -
PAS +
TdT +
Term
What cell predominates in ALL of adulthood?
Definition
Heterogenous large blasts
Term
What cell predominates in ALL of childhood?
Definition
Homogenous small blasts
Term
What is the appearance of blasts in Burkitt's leukemia?
Definition
Homogenous blasts with vacuoles and deep blue cytoplasm
Term
True or False:

TdT is positive in Burkitt's Leukemia
Definition
False
Term
True or False:

PAS is positive in Burkitt's Leukemia
Definition
True
Term
True or False:

In T-Cell ALL the malignant cell is identical to T-lymphoblastic lymphoma
Definition
True
Term
Mediastinal masses and hepatosplenomegaly are common in which form of ALL?
Definition
T-cell ALL
Term
True or False:

TdT is negative during T-cell ALL
Definition
False
Term
Which form of ALL predominates in both adult and childhood cases?
Definition
Early precursor B-cell ALL
Term
True or False:

TdT is negative during B-cell ALL
Definition
True

(which is why it's classified separately)
Term
What is B-cell ALL now considered hematologic manifestation of B-cell lymphoma?
Definition
Because of the TdT being negative
Term
A patient enters the ER with vague malaise. A CBC is ordered and other lab work is ordered as well. The patient shows a decrease in total RBC volume. Rouleaux is seen on peripheral smear. Bence Jones protein tests positive and the ESR is elevated. What disease is likely present?
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
Term
What is the most common cause of death from multiple myeloma and why?
Definition
Infection because of the decreased WBC
Term
A positive cryoglobulin test along with elevated IgM and elevated mast cells is consistent with which disease?
Definition
Waldenstrom's macrogobulinemia
Term
A serum protein electrophoresis showing hypogammaglobulinemia with broad bands in the beta-gamma region is consistent with which disease?
Definition
Heavy chain disease
Term
What is the relationship between Reed Sternberg cells and prognosis of lymphoma?
Definition
Inverse relationship (more reed sternberg = worse prognosis)
Term
What is the relationship between lymphocytes and lymphoma prognosis?
Definition
Direct relationship (more lymphs = better prognosis)
Term
Which Rye classification of lymphoma has moderate lymphs with few Reed Sternberg cells in nodules?
Definition
Nodular sclerosis
Term
True or False:

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma has 80-85% T-cell origin cells in a lymph node biopsy.
Definition
False

80-85% B-cell origin cells
Term
True or False:

Diffuse lymphocyte predominance offers the best prognosis for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Definition
False

Nodular pattern offers the best prognosis for Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Diffuse lymphocyte predominance offers the best prognosis for Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Term
What is the relationship between the number of lymphocytes and the prognosis of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma?
Definition
Inversely related (higher lymphs = worse prognosis/more aggressive)
Term
Large, bizarre cells with cerebriform nuclei present on peripheral smear defines which syndrome?
Definition
Sezary's syndrome
Term
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma with mycosis fungoides defines which syndrome?
Definition
Sezary syndrome
Term
True or False:

CD4 markers are positive in Sezary syndrome.
Definition
True
Term
Which general set of syndromes is characterized by fatigue, fever, and bleeding?
Definition
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Term
Which syndrome is classified as one or more peripheral blood cytopenias together with prominent maturational abnormalities in the bone marrow?
Definition
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Term
Which myelodysplastic syndrome contains pelgeroid cells and megaloblastic changes within the bone marrow?
Definition
Refractory anemia
Term
True or False:

A high amount of blasts are found in refractory anemia.
Definition
False

Less than 5% blasts are present in the bone marrow
Term
True or False:

Refractory anemia shows an increase in WBC's
Definition
True
Term
True or False:

Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts shows an increase in WBC's.
Definition
False

WBC's are normal to decreased
Term
How does refractory anemia with excess blasts differ from refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation?
Definition
RAEB - less than 5% blasts in peripheral

RAEBIT - greater than 5% blasts in peripheral
Term
True or False:

Myelodysplastic syndromes show ineffective hematopoesis.
Definition
True
Term
What is the median age for somebody w/ myelodysplastic syndromes?
Definition
70
Term
Benzene exposure is a risk factor for which disease?
Definition
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Term
True or False:

Hypergranular platelets is associated with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Definition
False

Hypogranular platelets
Term
True or False:

Micromegakaryocytes are associated with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Definition
True
Term
In myelodysplastic syndromes how could you describe Type 1 blasts, type 2 blasts, and type 3 blasts.
Definition
1 - typical
2 - few primary granules (less than 20)
3 - primary granules 9 greater than 20)
Term
In myelodysplastic syndromes, nuclear-cytoplasmia asynchrony is associated with which condition?
Definition
Dyserythropoiesis
Term
True or False:

Refractory anemia has normal granulocytes and platelets
Definition
True
Term
Which myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with unilineage dysplasia?
Definition
Refractory anemia
Term
73 year old man

myeloperoxidase +
Sudan black B +
Specific esterase +
N/S esterase +
Tdt -
Definition
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
Term
What is the morphology associated with t(8;21)?
Definition
AML blasts with pointy Auer rods and hypogranular pmns. Auer rods sometimes persist in PMNs
Term
What is the morphology associated with t(15;17)?
Definition
Promyelocytes with Auer rods, often multiple Auer rods
Term
What is the morphology associated with inv(16)?
Definition
Myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal hybrid eosinophils
Term
What is the morphology associated with PML/RARA?
Definition
Promyelocytes with Auer rods, often multiple Auer rods
Term
Myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal hybrid eosinophils is associated with which cytogenetic abnormality?
Definition
inv(16)
Term
Promyelocytes with Auer rods, often multiple Auer rods is associated with which cytogenetic abnormality?
Definition
t(15;17)
Term
AML blasts with pointy Auer rods and hypogranular pmns. Auer rods sometimes persist in PMNs is associated with which cytogenetic abnormality?
Definition
t(8;21)
Term
Why is it important to identify variant translocations in Promyelocytic Leukemia?
Definition
Promyelocytic leukemia does NOT respond to ATRA in some of the variant translocations
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