Term
|
Definition
| the pointed extremity of a conical structure |
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Term
|
Definition
| motion of a limb away from the midline |
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Term
|
Definition
| motion of a limb toward the midline |
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Term
|
Definition
| portion of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and the rib cage |
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Term
|
Definition
| portion of the skeleton comprising the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Outer layer of the adrenal gland(produces hormones that are important in regulating the water and salt balance of the body) |
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Term
|
Definition
| endocrine glands located on the top of the kidney that release adrenalin when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| hormone produced by the adrenal glands that mediates the fight or flight response of the sympathetic nervous system; also called epinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
|
Definition
| Hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. |
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Term
|
Definition
| metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| slow gasping respiration sometimes seen in dying patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that mimics the actions of a specific neurotransmitter by binding to the specific receptor of the cell and trigger a response from the cell. |
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Term
|
Definition
| leukocytes that lack granules |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cells located in the islets of Langerhans that secrete glucagon |
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Term
|
Definition
| ducts formed from division of the respiratory bronchioles in the lower airway. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
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Term
|
Definition
| the position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hand forward. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of the structure of an organism and its parts |
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Term
|
Definition
| a molecule that blocks the ability of a given chemical to bind to its receptor preventing a biologic response |
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Term
|
Definition
| front surface of the body, the side facing you in the standard anatomic position |
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Term
|
Definition
| proteins within the plasma that react with the antigens. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the principle artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| a small tubular structure attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower r quad of the abdomen |
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Term
|
Definition
| the middle membrane of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the blood vessles that carry blood away from the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| smallest branches of the arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the first cervical vertebra c1, which provides support for the head. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of the two upper chambers of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating that are not controlled voluntarily |
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Term
|
Definition
| the second cervical vertebra that allows the head to turn |
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Term
|
Definition
| receptors in the blood vessels kidney and brain and heart that respond to changes in the pressure in the heart or main arteries to help maintain homeostasis |
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Term
|
Definition
| a substance that decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the blood ejected from the ventrical during systole |
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Term
|
Definition
| salt or acid substances that become ionic conductors when dissolved in a solvent (i.e. water); chemical dissolved in the blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the thin membrane lining the inside of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| the complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones |
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Term
|
Definition
| a layer that lines the inner surfaces of bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| substances designed to speed up the rate of biochemical reactions |
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Term
|
Definition
| a leukocyte that may play a role following infection in various areas of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the layer of the serous pericardium that lies closely against the heart. also called the visceral pericardium |
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Term
|
Definition
| the outer layer of skin which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| a thin leaf shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering |
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Term
|
Definition
| a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| growth plate of a long bone; also called the epiphyseal plate |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process by which red blood cells are made |
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Term
|
Definition
| a collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; contractions of the muscle in its wall propel food and liquids through it to the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| produced by the ovaries, it is one of three major female hormones (the other two are progesterone,human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) |
|
|
Term
| expiratory reserve volume |
|
Definition
| amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal breath; average volume is about 1200 ml |
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Term
|
Definition
| the straightening of a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| rotating an extremity at its joint away from the midline |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid outside of the cell, in which most of the body's supply of sodium is contained |
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Term
|
Definition
| process whereby a carrier molecule moves substances in or out of cells from areas of higher to lower concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
| long slender tubes that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary on the same side and through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the uterus |
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Term
|
Definition
| a sheet or band or tough fibrous connective tissue that covers supports and separates muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| the principle artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. it supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. it can be palpated in the groin area. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| a continuation of the saphenous vein that drains into the external iliac vein. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| a white insoluble protein formed in the clotting process |
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Term
|
Definition
| the long bone on the posterior surface of the lower leg |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of maintaining homeostasis through the equal intake and output of fluids |
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Term
|
Definition
| soft spots in the skull of a newborn and infant where the sutures of the skull have not yet grown together |
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Term
|
Definition
| a large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| opening between the two atria that is present in the fetus but closes shortly after birth |
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Term
|
Definition
| small openings, perforations or orifices in the bones of the cranial vault |
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Term
|
Definition
| a depression between the right and lower atria that indicates where the foramen ovale had been located in the fetus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the position in which the patient is sitting up with the knees bent |
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Term
|
Definition
| a sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct |
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Term
|
Definition
| reproductive system in males and females |
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Term
|
Definition
| deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells or organs that selectively remove, concentrate,or alter materials in the blood and then secrete them back into the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball and socket joint of the shoulder |
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Term
|
Definition
| a process that stimulates both the liver and the kidneys to produce glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules |
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Term
|
Definition
| a long polymer from which the glucose is converted in the liver (animal starch) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the breakdown of glycogen into glucose |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of leukocyte that has large cytoplasmic granules that are easily seen with a simple light microscope |
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Term
|
Definition
| a bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| the small organs that produce hair |
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Term
|
Definition
| a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the number of heartbeats in a specific time |
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Term
|
Definition
| an iron containing pigment found in red blood cells, carries 97% of oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| control of bleeding by formation of a blood clot |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance found in large amounts in basophils that inhibits blood clotting |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized part of the venous system that drains blood from the stomach, intestines, and spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
| the veins to which blood empties after liver cells in the sinusoids of the liver extract nutrients, filter the blood, and metabolize various drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| a protective mechanism that terminates inhalation, thus preventing overexpansion of the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| the point of entry for the bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate;they restrict motion to one plane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance found in large amounts in basophils that increase tissue infammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; They regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth and body temperature |
|
|
Term
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
|
Definition
| one of the three major female hormones; it is produced by a developing embryo after conception |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the supporting bone of the upper arm |
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Term
|
Definition
| the pressure of water against the walls of its container |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a body part is extended to the maximum level or beyond the normal range of motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a body part is flexed to the maximum level or beyond the normal range of motion |
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Term
|
Definition
| the basal part of the diencephalons; it regulates the function of the pituitary gland |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition that occurs when the circulating blood volume is inadequate to deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients to the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| a "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring (the other two are the ischium, and pubis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| below a body part or nearer the feet |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and abdominal organs to the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| related to the strength of the heart's contraction |
|
|
Term
| inspiratory reserve volume |
|
Definition
| the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation; the amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane that separates the right and left atria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| rotating an extremity medially toward the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the fluid located outside of the blood vessels in the spaces between the body's cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space in between the cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thick wall that separates the right and left ventricles |
|
|
Term
| intracellular fluid (ICF) |
|
Definition
| fluid within cells in which most of the body's supply of potassium is contained |
|
|
Term
| intravascular fluid (plasma) |
|
Definition
| the noncellular portion of the blood found within a blood vessel. Also called plasma. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulating systems of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the place where two bones come into contact. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the fibrous sac that encloses a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two main veins that drain the head and neck |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body's salt and water content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a metabolic end product of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. it helps regulate water balance and solid waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In anatomy, parts of the body that lie farther from the midline. Also called outer structures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint. |
|
|
Term
| left anterior descending (LAD)artery |
|
Definition
| one of the main branches of the left main coronary artery that is the largest and shortest of the myocardial blood vessels; this vessel and the circumflex coronary arteries supply blood to the left ventricle and other areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones. It supports and strengthens a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| a large solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm; it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses |
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Term
|
Definition
| the lower part of the back, formed by the lowest five nonfused vertebrae; also called the dorsal spine |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two primary organs of breathing |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin plasma-like liquid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid that bathes the tissues of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| round or bean shaped structures interspersed along the course of the lymph vessels, which filter the lymph and serve as a source of lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin-walled vessels through which lymph circulates through the body; they travel close to major veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a passive circulatory system that transports a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest of the agranulocytes, they originate in the bone marrow but migrate through the blood to the lymphatic tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of disintegration or breakdown of cells that occurs when excess water enters the cell through osmosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells that responsible for protecting the body from infection |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the lower airway below the larynx through which air enters the lungs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the bone of the lower jaw |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the upper quarter of the sternum |
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Term
|
Definition
| a prominent bony mass at the base of the skull behind the ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity,and the palate and hold the upper teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
| parts of the body that lie closer to the midline; also called inner structures |
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Term
|
Definition
| the distal end the the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| the space between the lungs, in the center of the chest, that contains the heart, trachea, mainstem bronchi,part of the esophagus, and the large blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| nerve tissue that is continuously inferiorly with the spinal cord; serves as a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracts; coordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting,coughing and sneezing |
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Term
|
Definition
| an internal cavity that contains bone marrow. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a set of three tough membranes, the dura mater, arachnoid, and the pia mater, that enclose the entire brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathologic condition characterized by a blood pH of less than 7.35, and caused by accumulation of acids in the body from a metabolic cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathologic condition characterized by a blood pH of greater than 7.45, and resulting from the accumulation of bases in the body from a metabolic cause. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the bones that form the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the brain that is responsible for helping to regulate the level of consciousness |
|
|
Term
| midsagittal plane (midline) |
|
Definition
| an imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and the umbilicus to the floor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute minus the dead space. also called minute ventilation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the valve in the heart that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| agranulocytes that migrate out of the blood and into the tissues as a response to an infection |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lining of the body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the opaque, sticky secretion of the mucous membranes that lubricates the body openings |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal heart sound, heard as a "whooshing-like" sound indicating turbulent blood flow of the heart |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the bones and voluntary muscles of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| blockage of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart, resulting in death to a portion of myocardium. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the separation between the right and left nostrils |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of pharynx the that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth or pallate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the three types of granulocytes; they have multi-lobed nuclei that resemble a string of baseballs held together by a strand of thread; they destroy bacteria, antigen-antibody complexes, and foreign matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neurotransmitter and drug sometimes used in the treatment of shock. produces vasoconstriction through its alpha-stimulator properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cranial nerve (III) that innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and upper lid |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the cranial nerve for smell |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as the result of the presence of plasma proteins |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the eye socket, made of the maxilla and zygoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of a solvent, such as water,from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a solute on both sides of the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| female glands that produces sex hormones and ova (eggs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the forward facing part of the hand in the anatomic position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flat solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; it is a major source of digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized muscles that attach the ventricles to the cusps of the valves by muscular strands called chordae tendinae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in the front of the head, which are lined with mucus membrane and drain into the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary, vegetative functions, mediated largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| four glands that are embedded in the posterior portion of each lobe of the thyroid; they produce and secrete parathyroid hormone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands; it maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood and normal neuromuscular function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pleural membrane that lines the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
| partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) |
|
Definition
| a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood |
|
|
Term
| partial pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) |
|
Definition
| a measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the kneecap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how normal physiologic processes are affected by diesease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attachment of the lower extremities to the body; consisting of the sacrum and two pelvic bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a serous fluid that fills the space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium and helps to reduce friction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the serous membranes that surround the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a double layer of connective tissue that lines the outer surface of the bone |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
|
Definition
| the part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. the peripheral nerves may be sensory nerves,motor nerves, or connecting nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the wavelike contraction of smooth muscle by which the ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the small bones of the digits of the fingers and toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the body functions of the living organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the innermost layer of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord; it rests directly on the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an endocrine gland, located in sella turcica of the brain, responsible for directly or indirectly affecting all body functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bottom surface of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sticky yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste material to the organs of excretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin in blood clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny disk-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity, completly enclosing a potential space known as pleural space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. It is described as "potential" because under normal conditions, the space does not exist. |
|
|
Term
| pneumotaxic (pontine) center |
|
Definition
| a portion of the pons that assists in creating shorter faster respirations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organ that lies below the midbrain and above the medulla and contains numerous important nerve fibers, including those for sleep, respiration, and the medullary response center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a continuation of the femoral artery at the knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the vein that forms when the anterior and posterior tibial veins unite at the knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in anatomy, the back surface of the body; the side away from you in standard anatomic position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the artery just behind the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the volume of blood returned to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hormone released from the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turning the palms downward (toward the ground) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lying flat, and face down |
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Term
|
Definition
| a small gland that surrounds the male urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a hard bony and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen where the two halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring |
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Term
|
Definition
| the major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; it carries oxygen poor blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| the flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries and all of their branches and capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary veins; also called the lesser circulation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the semilunar valve that regulates blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out of the left ventricle and into the major arteries |
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Term
|
Definition
| the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity. Imagine two lines intersecting at the umbilicus dividing the abdomen into four equal areas |
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Term
|
Definition
| the bone on the thumb side of the forarm |
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Term
|
Definition
| the arc of movement of an extremity at a joint in a particular direction |
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Term
|
Definition
| the lowermost end of the colon |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cells that carry oxygen to the body's tissues; also called erythrocytes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a cone-shaped collecting area that connects the ureter and the kidney |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| system located in the kidney that helps to regulate fluid balance and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathologic condition characterized of a blood pH of less that 7.35, and caused by an accumulation of acids in the body from a respiratory cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathologic condition characterized of a blood pH of greater than 7.45, and caused by an accumulation of bases in the body from a respiratory cause |
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Term
|
Definition
| all of the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airway and their component parts. |
|
|
Term
| reticular activating system |
|
Definition
| located in the upper brainstem; responsible for maintenance of consciousness, specifically one's level of arousal |
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Term
|
Definition
| behind the abdominal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| the space behind the peritoneum |
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Term
|
Definition
| the connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| one of the three bones (sacrum and two pelvic bones) that make up the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other so that complementary surfaces articulate with each other, such as is the case with the thumb. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an imaginary line where the body is cut into right and left parts |
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Term
|
Definition
| the glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist |
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Term
|
Definition
| the longest vein in the body, it drains the leg, thigh, and dorsum of the foot. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharges along the shafts of the hairs |
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Term
|
Definition
| airway passages in the lungs that are formed from the division of the right and left mainstream bronchi |
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Term
|
Definition
| seminal fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the two valves, the aortic and pulmonic valves that divide the heart from the aorta and pulmonary arteries |
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Term
|
Definition
| storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the nerves that carry sensations of touch, taste, heat, cold,pain, and other modalities from the body to the central nervous system |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal state associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the metabolic apparatus of the cell |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the position that has the head and torso (trunk) supine and the lower extremities elevated 6" to 12". this helps to increase blood flow to the brain; also referred to as the modified trendelenburg's position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proximal portion of the upper extremity, made up of the clavicle, the scapula and the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the normal site of the origin of electrical impulses; located high in the right atrium, it is the heart's natural pacemaker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs (206 bones total) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the structure at the top of the axial skeleton that houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that comprise the auditory ossicles, the cranium and the face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a particle, such as salt, that is dissolved in a solvent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes. Examples are found within the rectum, bladder and blood vessels. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| device to measure blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. it lies inside of and is protected by the spinal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force of the heart beat is determined primarily by the length of the fibers constituting its muscular wall. An increase in diastolic filling equals an increase in the force of the heartbeat. |
|
|
Term
| sternocleidomastoid muscles |
|
Definition
| the muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost or dead layer of skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hemmorhage between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space located between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proximal part of the main artery of the arm, which supplies the brain, neck, anterior chest wall, and shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proximal part of the main vein of the arm, which unites with the internal jugular vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above a body part or nearer to the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck and chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turning the palms upward (toward the sky) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the position in which the body is lying face up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature baby contributes to respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attachment points in the skull where the cranial bones join together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin. |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| sudivision of the autonomic nervous system the governs the body's fight or flight reactions by inducing smooth muscle contraction or relaxation of the blood vessels and bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of joint that has grown together forming a very stable connection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs |
|
|
Term
| systemic vascular resistance (SVR) |
|
Definition
| the resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels. SVR is related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart especially that of the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
|
Definition
| the joint where the mandible meets with the temporal bone of the cranium just in front of each ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| airway passages in the lungs that are formed from branching of the secondary bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete male hormones; also called testicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two great lymph vessels; it empties into the superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. one pair of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs,esophagus, and great vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enzyme that causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which binds to the platelet plug, forming the final mature clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx; the Adam's apple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large endocrine gland that is located at the base of the neck and produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shin bone, the larger of the two bones of the lower leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; about 500ml for an adult |
|
|
Term
| tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) |
|
Definition
| a major component in the fibrinolytic system, in which clots that have already formed are lysed or disrupted, converting plasminogen to plasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the trunk without the head and limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bony rods that form the lacy network in cancellous bones and are oriented to increase weight-bearing capacity of long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an imaginary line where the body is cut into top and bottom parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the position in which the body is supine with the head lower than the feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the muscle in the back of the upper arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the heart valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smooth,thin, inner lining of a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurring on only one side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a muscular inverted pear-shaped organ that lies situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a muscular distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva (the external female genitalia); also called the birth canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cranial nerve (X) that provides motor function to the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx and carries taste bud fibers from the posterior tongue, sensory fibers from the inferior pharynx, larynx, thoracic, and abdominal organs, and parasympathetic fibers to thoracic and abdominal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spermatic duct of the testicles, also called vas deferens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spaces between the membrane surrounding the brain that are the primary means of venous drainage from the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of air between the lungs and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the anterior surface of the body |
|
|
Term
| ventral respiratory group (VRG) |
|
Definition
| a portion of the medulla oblongata that is responsible for modulating breathing during speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the lower chambers of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 33 bones that make up the spinal column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spine or primary support structure of the body that houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pleural membrane that covers the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will; skeletal, or striated, muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is gaining access to alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cells that have a role in the body's immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the spenoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two major veins of the arm; it combines with the cephalic vein to form the axillary vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white blood cells that work to produce chemical mediators during an immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells located in the islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulation of beta receptors that results in inotropic, dromotropic, and chronotropic states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the large muscle that covers the front of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in anatomy, a body part that appears on both sides of the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a waste product of red blood cell destruction that undergoes further metabolism in the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fluid tissue that is pumped by the heart through the arteries, veins, and capillaries and consists of plasma and formed elements or cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fracture of the floor of the orbit usually caused by a blow to the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that manufactures most red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the major vessel in the upper extremity that supplies blood to the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of the brain between the spinal cord and the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fine subdivisions of the bronchi that give rise to the alveolar ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constriction of the airway passages of the lungs that accompanies muscle spasms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal "whooshing-like" sound indicating turbulent blood flow within a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that can reversibly bind H+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fast-acting defenses for acid-base changes, providing almost immediate protection against changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of extra cellular fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the conduction system of the heart; a continuation system of the atrioventricular node. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small fluid-filled sac located between a tendon and a bone that cushion and protects the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that is important in the regulation of calcium levels in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of bone that consists of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between body tissues and the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the repetitive pumping process that begins with the onset of cardiac muscle contraction and ends just prior to the beginning of the next contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of blood pumped through the circulatory system in 1 minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point of division at which the common carotid artery branches at the angle of the mandible into the internal and external carotid arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the joint between the wrist and the metacarpal bones; the thumb joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the support structure of the skeletal system that provides cushioning between bones;also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormones produced by the adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that assist the body in coping with physical and emotional stress by increasing heart and respiratory rates and the blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cell wall; it is selectively permeable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a biochemical process resulting in the production of energy in the form of ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two major veins of the arm that combine to form the axillary vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the three major subdivision of the brain, sometimes called the "little brain"; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements |
|
|
Term
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
|
Definition
| fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual, perception, emotions and personality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receptors in the blood vessels, kidneys, brain, and heart that respond to changes in chemical compositions of the blood to maintain homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized cells within the hollow ares of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
| a progressive and irreversible disease of the airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| related to the control of the heart's rate of contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name of the substance that leaves the stomach. it is the combination of all eaten food with added stomach acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the complex arrangement of connected tubes,including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins that move blood, o2, nutrients, co2 and waste thru the body |
|
|
Term
| circumflex coronary arteries |
|
Definition
| two branches of the left main coronary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tailbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of bone that is mostly solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference in concentrations of a substance on either side of a selectively permeable membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of complex electrical tissues within the heart that initiate and transmit stimuli that result in contractions of myocardial tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the strength of heart muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imaginary line where body is cut into front and back parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteries that arise from the aorta shortly after it leaves the left ventricle and supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| veins that collect blood that is returning from the walls of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of several steroids secreted by the adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most important corticosteroid secreted by the zona fasciculata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 12 pairs of nerves that arise from the base of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bones that encase and protect the brain, including the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of the head above the eyes and ears; the skull. The cranium contains the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shrinkage of a cell that results when too much water leaves the cell through osmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a horizontal bone perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a firm ridge of cartialage that forms the lower part of the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage that makes up the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa to which the meninges are attached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the flaps that comprise the heart valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any portion of the airway that does contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange; such as the trachea and bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further inside the body and away from the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings,and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the three portions of the aorta, it is the longest portion and extends through the thorax and abdomen into the pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process whereby leukocytes leave blood vessels to move toward tissue where they are needed most |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity; its contraction brings air into the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the resistance vessels, the capacitance vessels, or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand |
|
|
Term
| dorsal respiratory group (DRG) |
|
Definition
| a portion of the medulla oblongata where the primary respiratory pacemaker is found |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| related to the control of the heart's conduction rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord; it is the toughest membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. it is located below the diaphragm and above pelvis |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| the depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly |
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Definition
| a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution |
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Definition
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Term
| acromioclavicular separation (AC separation) |
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Definition
| one or more torn ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint, resulting in a separated sholder |
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Definition
| the tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and various shoulder muscles |
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Definition
| a method used to move compounds across a cell membrane to create or maintain an imbalance of charges |
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Definition
| The firm prominence in the upper part of the larynx formed by the thyroid cartilage. It is more prominent in men than women. |
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Definition
| motion of a limb toward the midline |
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Definition
| stimulation of alpha receptors that results in vasoconstriction |
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Term
| alveolocapillary membrane |
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Definition
| the very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lies between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the aveolus and and the blood vessels occurs. |
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Definition
| the metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen, the principle product is lactic acid. |
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Definition
| subtsances on the surface of erythocytes that are recognized by the immune system |
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Definition
| one of the three described portionsportions of the aorta; the section of the aorta between the ascending and descending portions that gives rise to the right brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries |
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Definition
| the semilunar valve that regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta |
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Definition
| the first of three of the aorta; originates from the left ventricle and give rise to the two branches and right and left main coronary arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| the location where the atlas articulates with the occipital condyles |
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Term
| atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
| the site located in the right right atrium adjacent to the septum that is responsible for transiently slowing electrical conduction |
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Definition
| the bones that function in hearing and are located deep within the cavities of the temporal bone |
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Definition
| the vein that is formed from the combination of the basilic and cephalic veins; it drains into the subclavian vein |
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Term
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Definition
| a joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending. |
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Term
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| the nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy |
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