• 20 aminoacids , but 8 are essential amminoacids
• 10-35% of the protein intake
• 4 kcal
• 8-1 g of protein / KG ideal body weigth

            R

            ↓

COOH---C---H

            ↑

           NH2             when together they make a bond, some will be atracted to others  and will make an internal bond.

chemical bond is created when water is realed that is called peptibond ( caused by the union of a protein and an aminoacid.

they will measure how much nitrogen the food has= therefore the most amount on amioacids.

• egg whites 100
• meat fish 90
• dairy products 92

legumes+ grains

legumes + seeds

legumes + nuts

• antibodies
• muscle tissue/ cell growth
• enzymes
• hormones
• fluid balance
• acid/ base balance

MOUTH→ Proteins in food are crushed by chewing and moisten by saliva STOMACH→ Proteins are denaturated by hydrochloric acid . inactive enzymes are realeased when protein is present &activated by HCL.Pepsin is activated to break proteins into single amino acids and smaller polypeptides (tripeptides, bipeptides) SMALL INTESTINE→ pancreas realeases inactive enzymes to go to the blood stream. With the presence of protein it turns into active protein. (tripeptides, dipeptides, AA) further it breaks it smaller INTESTINAL MEMBRANE → tripeptase, di peptase will break into chains of aminoacids that go to the blood stream. some will be converted by receptor sigths in the intestine. Amino acids will be sent to the liver and sent to the cells as needed.

• A
• D
• K
• E

vitamins that are not soluble in water but arte soluble in fat

need chyme to be sent to the bloodstream stored in the body

• Vitamin C
• B
• Folics Folate

We need them as a daily basis. we do not store them

inorganic sustances  that are not broken down during digestion or absorbtion; they assist in regulating body processes.

heme iron

non heme iron

• heme iron.  iron that is part of teh proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin; found only in animal based foods
• non heme iron.  iron that is not part of hemoglobin or myoglobin; found in both animal and plant based foods

atom

nucleus

electron

atom. a discrete irreducible unit of matter. Is the smallest unit of an element and is identical to all other atoms o that element

nucleus.  the positively charged center of the atom. It is made of two types of particles _protons and neutrons- bound tighly together the nucleus contains all of the atomic mass

electron.  a negatevely charged particle orbiting the nucleus 

• a higly unstable atom wich an unpair electron in its outermost shell.
• damage the cell membrane causing inflamation and antioxidants have to be consume to fix that damage of the cell and prevent diseases

• cancer
• heart disease
• diabetes
• arthritis
• catarats
• kidney disease
• alzhaiemer
• parkinson

• by process food
• smoking
• grilled foods ( prevented by marination)
• excercice
• metabolism
• sunlight

• A
• C
• E
• Selenium

provitamin, preformed

preformed.- beef, chicken , liver eggyolks milk

pro vitamin.- spinach , carrots mango pumpkins

Toxicity.- fatigue, bone and joint pain, spontateus abortion, nausea and diharea (5X the RDA consumption)

deficiency.- niogth blindless, impared growth, inmunity and reproductive functions

• water soluble vitamin has a potent effect on tissue lungs
• involved in colagen formation
• wound healing
• thyroid function
• inmmunity
• not know a toxicity yet, but large ammounts producess diahrrea
• smokers have to have more vitamin C than other people

• fat soluble . 200-400 I.U
• protects nerve for its antioxidant activity
• prevent heart deseases
• prevents cancer
• blood cell very fragile if consume more than 800 I.U (blood thinner)

• thyroid function gland
• higly toxic do not consume every day
• anticancer
• required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism
• RDA= 55mg/day
• nuts, chellfish, meat, fish, whole grains

Toxicity= brittle hair and nails, skin rashes, nausea, weakness and liver disease.

deficiency= specific forms of heart desease and athritis, impared inmuine functions muscle pain.

antioxidants ( trap free radical)

anti cancer sustances

the mopre phytochemicals the better inactive cancer causing agents

• 50-70% water
• 2/3 intracellular ( held within the walls of the body cells)
• 1/3 extracellular ( in the body tissue or the liquid of the blood called plasma)

water.- used to transport, blood volume, temp regulator, lubricate

water loss that is noticed by a person

• urine
• heavy perspiration

the loss of water not noticeable by a person, such as

•  through evaporation from the skin 
•  exhalation from the lungs during breathing

a sustance that disassociates in solution into positevely and negatively charged ions and is thus capable of carring an electruc current.

 ion.  is any ellectrically charged particle either positively negatevly charged

• NA sodium (+)
• K potasium (+)
• CL chlorine (-)
• P Phosporus (-)

control fliud balance

nerve impulses

muscle movement

acid/ base balance

sodium and potasium always stay outside or inside is the nerve impluses ocours they will swicht positions

NA

sodium

• major trance mineral
• 1500-2300 mg a day
• found in processsed food
• nerve transmition
• fluid balance

toxicity.  water retention, high blood preasure, increase loss of calcium trough urine.

 deficiency.  muscle cramps, loss of apetite, diziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting , and mental confiuson

K

potasium

Potasium chloride

positively charged helps to reduce blood preasure levels vehicle for potasium found in vegetables and fruits

• 4200 mg
• vegetables and fruit
• regulates contraction of muscles 
•  trasmition of nerve impulses
• assist on mantaining healthy blood preasure levels

toxiciy. muscle weakness, vomiting, irreagulat heartbeat.

deficiency. muscle weakness, muscle paralysis, mental confiuson

CL

Chloride

• 2300 mg
• HCL acid or gastric juices works for bacteria, white blood cells
• source salt ( 40% sodium, 60 % Chloride)

P

Phosphorus

bone= 65% calcium bone

35% collagen

bones are not static form and reform

minerals in bones= magnesium and calcium

Vitamins in bones= vitamin K and D

collagen is a protein formed strong fibers in bone and conective tissue

most of the bone is made up with calcium ( blood stream and muscle contraction) will afect blood presure and heart

• blood stream
• muscle contraction
• bone structure

dairy products and sardines

magnesium

major mineral

• formation of bone growth
• vitamin D metabolism and action in the bones

• protects theet and bones stimulates bone growth
• trace mineral

• regulates calcium absorbtion
• we cannot get toxicity from calcium because vitamin D control the intake of the calcium
• fat soluble hormone
• prevention for some cancers
• available in fortified foods being the primary source or suplements or though sunligth