Term
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Definition
| TCA, fatty acid degradation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gluconeogenesis, TCA, lactate, oxalacetate, amino acid metabolism, oxidative metabolism, respiration, anaerobic glycolysis, fermentation, recycle cytoplasmic NAD+ |
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Term
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Definition
| glycolysis, PPP, TCA, gluconeogenesis, glycolytic pathway, ketone body metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| TCA(fumerate), e- transport chain(complex III), B oxidation(acyl coa dehydrogenase), oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
| PPP, photosynthesis, fatty acid activation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
TCA, red. eq. transport(also uses aspartate)
O=CO-COH-CH2-CO=O
O=CO-CH2-CHNH3-CO=O |
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Term
| substrate level phosphorylations |
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Definition
glycolysis: phosphoenolpyruvate-->pyruvate
glycolysis: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate-->3 phosphoglycerate
TCA: succinyl-CoA-->succinate |
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Term
| What occurs in mitochondria? |
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Definition
| TCA, acetyl CoA synthesis, e- trans chain, B oxidation, TAG synthesis(and in ER), Fatty Acid elongation and denaturation(and in ER) |
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Term
| What occurs on the face of the ER? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs in the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| Glycolysis, Fatty Acid synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| transport exogenous TAG and cholesterol from intestines to tissues |
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Term
| reducing equivalent transport |
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Definition
| NADH in cytosol must be reconverted to NAD+ to maintain glycolysis--uses PEP to travel in and out of mitochondria (also L-malate and L-aspartate) |
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Term
| What are the fates of glucose-6-phosphate? |
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Definition
| glycolysis, PPP, reverse glycogen metabolism |
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Term
| How many ATP are used in the Urea Cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of hormones? |
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Definition
1) diffuse across membranes and interact with steroids
2) can have receptors--in all mammal cells but red blood cells
3) can interact with cell surface receptors(insulin, growth factors, pancreatic islets, g.i. hormones) |
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Term
| What are the four types of receptors? |
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Definition
1) G-protein coupled(ATP+cAMP=cellular response)
2) ion channel
3) tyrosine kinase (RAS, insulin)
4) intrinsic enzymatic activity (GTP-->cGMP) insulin, growth factors |
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Term
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Definition
| transport TAGs and cholesterol in blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| micelles formed by single tail lipids(detergents), liposomes formed by double tailed lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| reoxidizes NADH and FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (also yields 2ATP) |
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Term
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Definition
| coupling synthesis of ATP with e- transport chain |
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Term
| coenzymes of e- transport chain |
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Definition
| FMN/FMNH/FMNH2, coenzyme Q/QH/QH2 |
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Term
| How are FAD and NAD different? |
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Definition
| FAD does not pass through complex I and as a result does not produce as many ATPs (2 as opposed to NAD's 3ATP |
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Term
| in the e- transport chain, what is the synthesis of ATP coupled to? |
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Definition
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Term
| A.A.'s are precursors for____? |
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Definition
| Nitrogen containing compounds |
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Term
| compare aerobic and anaerobic |
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Definition
aerobic: more efficient
anaerobic: faster |
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Term
| end product of pyrimidine synthesis? |
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Definition
| UMP then it can be converted to UTP (both UMP and ATP) |
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Term
| purine synthesis starting and ending points |
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Definition
starting: ribose-5-phosphate
ending: IMP-->AMP&GMP |
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Term
| how are ketone bodies made? |
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Definition
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Term
| types of conserved proteins: |
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Definition
1) GTPase switch(RAS)
2) protein kinases(leads to phosphorylation through activation)
3) adaptor protein(docking) |
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Term
| how does receptor oligomerization activate enzymatic activity? |
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Definition
1) increases local conc. of PTK, more efficient
2) open configuration, allowing access to ATP and substrates
3) enables phosphotransfer from MgATP tryrosines on receptor itself |
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Term
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Definition
| cell survival and apoptosis |
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