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| gives Judea economic/religious freedom for 1st time in many decades |
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| began with fractured empire |
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| change of ruler names and gov't type caused confusion and calendar-year mix-up |
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| allowed captives to return home |
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| headed 1st Jewish return from Persia |
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| headed 2nd Jewish return from Persia |
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| headed 3rd Jewish return from Persia |
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| conquered Egypt for Persia |
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| aka Ahasueris; Esther=queen |
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| had Biblical chtr as cupbearer |
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| ruler that started Persian decline |
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| reigned & interferred during Peloponnesian War |
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Greek "king of the south"
ruled Egypt |
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| Greek over Phrygia (Indus, Syria, Asia Minor) |
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| Greek over Thrace, Bithinia |
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| Greek over Greece, Macedonia |
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| city center of administration over Jews |
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| defeated Scopus' army at Panium |
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| Antiochus (III) the Great |
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| brought 2 decades Jewish freedom |
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Definition
| Antiochus (III) the Great |
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| Hellenized Jewish aristocracy |
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Definition
| Antiochus (III) the Great |
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| ruler predicted in Dan 11 |
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| ruled during rivalry for high priesthood |
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| tried & failed 2x to invade Egypt |
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fought against temple desecrator
father of Maccabee family |
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| rivals for high priesthood |
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Definition
John
Simon
Judas
Eleazar
Jonathan |
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| orthodox Jews that formed coalition with Maccabees |
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| quote: "Follow me, everyone...[who will] maintain the covenant." |
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recaptured Jerusalem and temple from desecrator
began Hannukah/feast of Dedication |
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| accepted ruler after initial Maccabean revolt |
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| garrison of Syrian soldiers that bothered Maccabees |
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| confronted 1st Maccabean commander |
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| killed in battle when Greece 1st confronted Maccabees |
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| fights Syria after regaining Judea; killed |
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| killed by Navatean nomads |
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| known for diplomatic warfare |
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| distinguished as negotiator, polititian |
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| appointed high priest after Alcimus dies |
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| brought civil+religious power together |
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| lured to Acco, imprisoned, bailed, later killed |
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| 3rd Maccabean commander/ruler |
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conquers Joppa
does little in quantity but much in quality |
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| 1st to use term "hasmonean" |
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captures Samaria & Herod's home area
expands Judah |
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| support switched from Pharisees to Sadducees |
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kindled Samaritan hatred for Jews
destroyed Shechem, burned their temple |
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| formally takes title "king" |
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| had geography equal to Solomon's |
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| reversed pro-Sadducean policy |
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| appointed son as high priest |
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| appointed high priest under Hasmonean mom |
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| forced to resign/flee but "regains" throne |
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| arrived at end of Hasmonean dynasty, appointed king of Jews |
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Octavian
Mark Antony
Lepidus |
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| changes name to "Augustus" |
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| divided Judean kingdom into 4 parts |
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| ruled Judea + Samaria in divided kingdom |
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| ruled Galilee + Perea under divided kingdom |
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| ruled Iturea + Trachonitis under divided kingdom |
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| ruled Abilene (Damascus) under divided kingdom |
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Jews allowed to go home
reinstated temple, worship |
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Judah=province/vassal state
not independent (paid taxes) |
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| Jerusalem=commerce center |
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| prosperous but increasing taxes |
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| economic oppression/tax farming |
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| Hasmonean rule, but only religiously |
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