Term
| What is the name of the model that describes the plasma membrane structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of interaction of R groups holds proteins in a cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of cell membrane proteins (determined by their position)? |
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Definition
| Peripheral and transmembrane |
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Term
| Which type of R group interaction holds peripheral proteins on the surface of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give 2 examples of hydrophilic interactions of R groups involved in holding peripheral proteins on the surface of the cell membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Give 2 examples of molecules which can pass through the bilayer of the cell membrane by diffusion. |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide and oxygen |
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Term
| Define facilitated diffusion. |
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Definition
| Passive transport of molecules across the through some transmembrane proteins. |
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Term
| What controls ligand-gated channels? |
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Definition
| the binding of signal molecules |
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Term
| What controls voltage-gated channels? |
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Definition
| changes in ion concentration |
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Term
| What types of molecules cannot cross the barrier created by the phospholipid bilayer? |
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Definition
| ions and most uncharged polar molecules / hydrophilic |
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Term
| How do transporter proteins transfer substances across the membrane? |
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Definition
| bind to the specific substance to be transported and undergo a conformational change to transfer the solute across the membrane. |
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Term
| What is the function of ATPases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two things are needed to cause active transport (movement of molecules against their concentration gradient)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of sodium potassium pump |
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Definition
| actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell |
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Term
| Name the important integral protein pump involved in creating an ion gradient across a cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the protein pump, found in animal cells, that accounts for much of the organism's basal metabolic rate (about 25% of your BMR) |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a membrane potential (an electrical potential difference). |
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Definition
| a difference in electrical charge on the two sides of a membrane |
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Term
| What is the general function of ion pumps? |
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Definition
| to establish and maintain ion gradients |
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Term
| From where does the sodium potassium pump get its energy? |
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Definition
| from the hydrolysis of ATP |
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Term
| Which direction does the sodium potassium pump the ions? |
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Definition
| sodium is pumped OUT of the cell, potassium is pumped IN to the cell |
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Term
| Which conformation of the Na/K pump has a high affinity for Na? |
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Definition
| dephosphorylated / without phosphate attached |
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Term
| Which conformation of the Na/K pump has a high affinity for K? |
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Definition
| phosphorylated / with phosphate attached |
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Term
| How many Na ions are transported by one cycle of the Na/K pump? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many K ions are transported by one cycle of the Na/K pump? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the Na/K pump when it is phosphorylated / dephosphorylated? |
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Definition
| the conformation of the protein changes |
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Term
| As well as the ions' concentration gradients what else does the Na/K pump create? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the sodium gradient created by the Na/K pump useful in the intestinal epithelial cells? |
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Definition
| it is used to drive the active transport of glucose. |
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Term
| How does the glucose symport protein work ? |
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Definition
| sodium ions move into the cell, DOWN their concentration gradient, through the symport which simultaneously pumps the glucose into the cell AGAINST its concentration gradient |
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