Term
| T cells come from where and are used in which kind of immunity? |
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Definition
| Thymus (from bone marrow but mature in thymus), cellular immune response- response to foreign invaders |
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Term
| B lymphocytes come from where and are used in which kind of immunity? |
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Definition
| bone marrow, humoral immunity |
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Term
| natural killer cells are involved in which kind of immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 60 -70% of lymphocytes in the blood are? |
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Definition
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Term
| about 10-20% of lymphocytes are? |
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Definition
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Term
| active and passive acquired immunity involve both |
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Definition
| cellular and humoral immunity |
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Term
| what cells are involved in the phagocytic immune response? |
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Definition
| granulocytes and macrophages, anything involved in phagocytosis |
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Term
| humoral response is the.. |
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Definition
| antibody response, involved with B lymphocytes |
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Term
| cellular response involves the.. |
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Definition
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Term
| structural part of the invading or attacking organism that is responsible for stimulating antibody production is called an.. |
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Definition
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Term
| which stage of immune response involves surveillance by lymph nodes and lymphocytes throughout the body, looking for antigens? |
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Definition
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Term
| which stage of immune response involves the circulating Lymphocyte to return to the lymph node with an antigen message, and stimulate some of the resident t and b lymphocytes to enlarge divide and proliferate? |
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Definition
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Term
| which stage of immune response involves T lymphocytes to turn into cytotoxic T cells, and the reproduction of antibodies by the B lymphocyes in response to a specific antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stage of immune response involves the T cells and B cells reaching and connecting with the antigen on the surface of the invader? |
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Definition
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Term
| T cells and B cells are both involved in carrying.. |
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Definition
| the antigen message back to the lymph nodes |
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Term
| bacterial phagocytosis, anaphylaxis, allergic hay fever and asthma, immune complex disease, and some bacterial and viral infections.... |
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Definition
| humoral response (b cells) |
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Term
| transplant rejection, delayed hypersensitivity, graft versus host disease, tumor surveillance and destruction, intracellular infections, viral, fungal and parasitic infections |
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Definition
| cellular responses (t cells) |
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Term
| antibodies are also called? and have how many subunits? |
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Definition
| immunoglobulins, 2 - one light and one heavy peptide chain, held together by disulfide bonds |
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Term
| agglutination happens when.. |
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Definition
| one antibody crosslinks two antigens and causes them to clump or bind together |
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Term
| opsonization happens when.. |
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Definition
| an antibody coats an antigen in a sticky substance that helps in phagocytosis |
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Term
| portion of the antigen involved in binding with the antigbody is referred to as.. |
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Definition
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Term
| 75% of total Ig, crosses the placenta, involved in bloodborne and tissue infections |
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Definition
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Term
| 15% of total Ig, appears in body fluids, resp, Gi, and GU attacks |
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Definition
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Term
| 10% of total Ig, intravascular serum, first responder in bacterial and viral infection |
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Definition
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Term
| .2% of total Ig, role is unclear |
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Definition
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Term
| .004% of Ig, allergic and hypersensitivity reaction, parastic infections |
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Definition
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Term
| activating the rest of the immune system, SECRETE CYTOKINES, which attract/activate B cells, Cytotoxic T cells, also produce lymphokines |
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Definition
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Term
| cause disintegration and cell lysis |
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Definition
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Term
| decrease b cell activity.. |
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Definition
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Term
| subpopulation of lymphocytes, destroy antigens coated with antibody |
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Definition
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Term
| circulating plasma proteins that are made in the liver, and activated when an antibody connects with its antigen.. |
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Definition
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Term
| secreted by t lymphocytes, b cells and macrogphages in response to antigens.. |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of rheumatic diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation is manifested in the joints as.. |
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Definition
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Term
| proliferation of newly formed synovial tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| in degenerative rheumatic disease, inflammation is.. |
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Definition
| secondary, synovitis is usually milder |
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Term
| in inflammatory rheumatic disease, degeneration occurs as a.. |
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Definition
| secondary process, resulting from pannus |
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Term
| what chemicals contribute to the worsening of the inflammatory response of rheumatic diseases? |
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Definition
| leukotrienes and prostglandins- they attract other WBCs.. also release collagenase- breaks down cartilage and erodes bone |
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Term
| antibodies and antigens build up and combine to form immune complexes and are deposited in the.. |
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Definition
| synovial tissue, and other organs |
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Term
| the process of degradation of articular cartilage is known to be.. |
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Definition
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Term
| ESR in rheumatic disease patients.. |
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Definition
| is increased, more shit floating around in the blood |
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Term
| photosensitivity is associated with |
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Definition
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|
Term
| eye dryness is associated with. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| pleuritic pain is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint |
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Definition
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Term
| alopecia is associated with.. |
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Definition
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Term
| RBC count and C4 complement component in RA are.. |
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Definition
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Term
| layers of walls in arteries and arterioles.. |
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Definition
| intima, media (smooth muscle, elastic tissue), and adventitia (connective tissue) |
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Term
| osmotic pressure tends to pull.. |
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Definition
| fluid back into the capillary from the tissue space |
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Term
| most important factor in resistance in the vascular system is.. |
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Definition
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Term
| interstitial fluid is the fluid outside of the capillary wall that has the same composition as plasma, but without.. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| osmotic pressure is the pulling force created by.. |
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Definition
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Term
| the excess fluid that is not reabsorbed by the venous end is reabsorbed by.. |
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Definition
| the lymphatic circulation .. imbalance results in edema |
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Term
| all vessels are innervated by the SNS, except the... |
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Definition
| precapillary and capillary sphincters |
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Term
| stimulation of the SNS causes.. |
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Definition
| release of norepinephrine- vasoconstriction |
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Term
| in low amounts, epinephrine is the opposite of norepinephrine and.. |
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Definition
| causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles, the heeart, and the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| angiotensin converting enzyme.. activates angiotensin II- which is a potent vasoconstrictor of the arterioles |
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Term
| where does angiotensin I (precursor for II) come from? |
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Definition
| formed from the interaction of renin (kidney) and angiotensinogen- a serum protein. |
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Term
| pulses in arterial vs. venous insufficiency |
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Definition
| diminished vs. present but may be difficult-edema |
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Term
| goes from rubor to pallor when you lift foot, dry shiny skin, cool to touch, loss of hair over toes, nails thickened.. |
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Definition
| arterial insufficiency (skin sxs) |
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Term
| pigmentation in gaiter area (medial/lateral malleoulus) skin thick and tough, reddish blue |
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Definition
| venous insufficiency (skin sxs) |
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Term
| ULCER- toe tips, pressure areas, painful, deep-involving joint space, circular, pale to black w/gangrene, edema minimal |
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Definition
| arterial insufficiency ulcer |
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Term
| ULCER- malleoulus, panful, superficial, irregular borders, granulated tissue- beefy red to yellow, edema is moderate |
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Definition
| Venous insufficency ulcer |
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Term
| muscle tissue deprived of oxygen produce.. |
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Definition
| muscle metabolites and lactic acid is produced= PAIN |
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Term
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Definition
| severe arterial peripheral damage in which vessels that cannot restrict, remain dilated |
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Term
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Definition
| moderate/mild insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Level of extremeties: nursing care.. |
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Definition
| Arterial - lower, Venous- elevate! |
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Term
| mobility: nursing care... |
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Definition
| A- encourage walking, V-Discourage standing still or sitting for extended periods, WALK |
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Term
| common nursing DX for PVD |
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Definition
| ineffective tissue perfusion, chronic pain, risk for impaired skin integrity, deficient knowledge |
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Term
|
Definition
| interm claud, sensation of coldness or numbness, regular AI findings |
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Term
| what drugs are approved for symptomatic claudication |
|
Definition
| trental, pletal, pentoxyfilline, cilostazol |
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Term
| pentoxyfilline/trenal does what |
|
Definition
| increases RBC flexibility, lowers blood fibrinogen, antiplatelet effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| vasodilator that inhibits platelet aggregation |
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Term
| upper extremity arterial occlusive disease |
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Definition
| arm fatigue, cant grasph objects, subclavian steal syndrome- reverse flow into brain - vertigo, ataxia, bilateral vision changes |
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Term
| another name for thromboangiitis obliterans.. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation in small arteries and viens resulting in thrombus formation and segmental occlusion of the vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| groin/butt pain, impotence in men |
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Term
|
Definition
| localized sac or dilation formed at a weak point in the wall of an artery.. saccular- one side dilated, fusiform- both sides bulge |
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Term
| 85% of aneurysms are caused by.. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| arterial dissection/dissecting aorta |
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Definition
| are separations of the arterial walls |
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Term
| arterial emboli arise mostly from the.. |
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Definition
| chambers of the heart as a result of AFib, MI, endocarditis, or CHF |
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Term
|
Definition
| stasis of blood, vessel wall injury, and altered blood coagulation |
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Term
| DRUG and DOSE, antihypertensive, ace inhibitor |
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Definition
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|
Term
| number one CV side effect of ALTACE |
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Definition
|
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Term
| DRUG/DOSE- antiplatelet, decreases platelet aggregegation, possible anaphylaxis and laryngeal edema.. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| DRUG/DOSE- lipid lowering agent hma/coa reductase inhbitors (statin) |
|
Definition
| ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM/ CRESTOR |
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|
Term
| major side effect of Crestor |
|
Definition
| rhabdomyolisis (breakdown of muscle fibers, leads to myoglobin in the bloodstream) |
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|
Term
| what cant you drink with crestor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases blood flow through reducing blood viscosity vs. inhibits platelet aggregation and vasodilation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| suppresses vitamin K dependent clotting factors- antidote is ViT K |
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