Term
| when does bone density peak? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is pre-osteoporosis called? |
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Definition
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Term
what does bone do for the body?
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Definition
produces blood cells, stores and releases minerals (esp calcium/99%).
calcium is needed for blood clotting, muscle contractions, enzyme activity, and nerve conduction.
no bone=no calcium=bad |
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Term
best tool for measuring bone density?
and what number do you want in regards to measurement of bone density? |
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Definition
Dexa scan (DXA)
and above -1 |
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Term
| types of osteoporosis and causes of each |
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Definition
1. Primary=decreasing amounts of estrogen. this is 80-90% of osteoporosis cases.
2. secondary=due to diseases such as DM, RA, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, chronic use of steroids or loop diuretics |
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Term
| what is another name for the kyphosis that occurs due to osteoporosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms that may occur due to changes in spinal shape and deformity? |
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Definition
| constipation, abdominal distention, problems with balance and respiratory compromise |
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Term
| nursing diagnoses that may be applicable for someone with advanced osteoporosis, esp with kyphosis? |
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Definition
| body image disturbance and social isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| minimaaly invasive procedure that injects bone cement into a vertebral fracture to stabilize and fill in space |
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Term
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Definition
| type of vertebroplasty that uses a balloon filled with cement to fill in the vertebral space |
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Term
| what vitamins help reduce incidence of osteoporosis and how should they be taken? |
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Definition
| Calcium and vit D; take in divided doses of 500-600mg to PREVENT, Ca citrate is best bc it does not need acidic env to be broken down in (esp those on acid blockers); Ca carbonate is most abundant in foods, start supplementation early!! |
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Term
| for primary osteoporosis what medication may help reduce bone loss? |
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Definition
| Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
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Term
| name of parathyroid hormone medication and how it works? |
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Definition
| Forteo, subq/daily; works by keeping serum Ca levels high so that parathyroid hormone doesn't stimulate release of Ca from bones |
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Term
oral Fosamax, Boniva, Actonel are examples of what?
Instruct patients to take these how?
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Definition
Oral Biphosphonates
take 1st thing in the morning 30 minutes before eating; remain upright after taking in order to reduce risk of esophagitis (do not have this risk if you take these meds IV) |
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Term
| way to naturally increase Ca? |
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Definition
| get the hell out of the classroom and get some damn sunshine!!! nursing students=risk for osteoporosis r/t becoming a vampire due to extended study hours |
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Term
| nursing intervention for activity to increase bone density? |
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Definition
advise patients to engage in weight bearing exercise bc exercise slows bone loss; has to be weight bearing so no swimming
ex; walking 30 min 3-5 times; too much stress on bones can also be bad so no high impact |
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Term
| what is the recommended ca intake for 11-24 year olds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the recommended ca intake for for femailes 25-49? |
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Definition
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Term
| what nursing interventions are appropriate to teach for someone with cartilage degeneration? |
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Definition
| use of moist heat such as a shower or warm, moist compresses |
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Term
| what foods/drinks/substances should nurses teach patient to avoid in order to maintain bone health? |
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Definition
| alcohol, tea/coffee/soda, nicotine due to t their ability to interfere with ca absorption and storage |
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Term
| what are typical complaints of someone developing musculoskeletal problems that may cause a nurse to further investigate? |
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Definition
| pain and weakness, impaired mobility of any sort |
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Term
| best foods for bone health |
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Definition
| palin nonfat yog, plain skim yog, cafe late, swiss cheese, choc milkshake, sardines, baked potato with cheese, am cheese, fat free fruit yog, mozz cheese, cheddar cheese, milk, (in this order) |
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Term
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Definition
| severe bone infection that can be difficult to treat caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi |
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Term
| why is osteomyelitis so hard to treat |
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Definition
| it has a rich blood supply to the infection is able to travel and spread easily |
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Term
| what can osteomyelitis result in? |
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Definition
| necrosis, bone abscess, and amputation if not treated early |
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Term
| the initial infection of osteomyelitis is considered _________ and subsequent infections that travel from the original infection are considered _________? |
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Definition
exogenous bc the original inf is from organisms outside the body
endogenous bc it's carried by the bloodstream |
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Term
what infection, esp in older men, can result in osteomyelitis?
other infections? |
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Definition
UTI inf can be spread to lower vertebra, so maintaining catheters is esp imp for this reason
periodontal inf, salmonella, long term IV caths, |
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Term
| symptoms of acute osteomyelitis |
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Definition
| fever over 101, swelling around affected area, erythema of affected area, tenderness at site, bone pain that is constant, localized, and pulsating, intensifies with movement, WBC extremely elevated |
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Term
| symptoms of chronic osteomyelitis |
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Definition
| ulceration of skin, sinus tract formation, localized pain, drainage from affected area, WBC may only be slightly elevated |
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Term
| what age group is osteomyelitis most prevalent in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is contiguous osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| when the bone infection resullts from skin infection of adjacent tissues. ex; facial bone inf from periodontal inf. |
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Term
| treatment for osteomyelitis |
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Definition
| IV antimicrobials for 3 mo (PICC), po tx after, pain control, hyperbaric O2, possibly surgery to debride tissue and revascularize. |
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Term
| what are the 6 Ps to check in osteomyelitis |
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Definition
| pain, paresis, paralsis, paresthesia, pallor, and pulselessness |
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Term
| is capillary refill time a reliable indicator to check in osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
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