Term
|
Definition
| acute inflammation of lung caused by microbial organism |
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Term
| organisms of community acquired pneumonia |
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Definition
Streptococcus
Haemophilus influenza
Legionella
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
|
Definition
-Seen in seriously ill patients (AIDS and CF)
-treated with corticosteroids, antineoplastic drugs, immunosuppressives, multiple antibiotics |
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Term
| Causes of aspiration pneumonia |
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Definition
-manifests as airway obstruction
-Chemical injury from gastric secretions
-Bacterial infection from oropharynx |
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Term
| types of opportunistic pneumonia |
|
Definition
PCP(Pneumocystis jiroveci)
CMV(cytomegalovirus) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli
-Organisms multiply
-Infection spreads and interferes with lung function |
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Term
|
Definition
-Red Hepatization
-Massive dilation of capillaries
-Alveoli fill with organisms, neutrophils, RBS, and fibrin |
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Term
|
Definition
-gray Hepatization
-decreased blood flow
-leukocyte and fibrin consolidate in affected part of lung |
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Term
|
Definition
-Resolution
-healing is no complications
-exudate lysed and processed by macrophages
-tissue is restored |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of pneumonia |
|
Definition
-fever
-Tachycardia/pnea
-Chills
-Cough (productive)
-Sore throat
-Pleuritic chest pain
-Splinting of affected area
-muscle aches
-asymmetric chest movements
-accessory muscle use
-restlessness
-changes in mental status |
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Term
|
Definition
-build up of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity
-may require thoracentesis
-usually reabsorbed in 1-2 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
bacterial infection in the blood
occurs in 30% of patients |
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Term
|
Definition
-seen in pneumonia caused by S aureus and gram neg bacteria
-within the lung tissue
-treated with antibiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
-requires antibiotics and drainage of exudate
-in pleural sac
-pus is present
-antibiotics cant get to it |
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Term
|
Definition
| spread of microorganism to the pericardium through the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| -microorganisms attack endocardium and heart valves |
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Term
|
Definition
cough
frequent pulmonary infections
progressive cardiac and pulmonary failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles |
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Term
|
Definition
-serum produced in the liver
-normally inhibits the lysis of lung tissue by proteolytic enzymes from neutophils and macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Alpha antitrypsin deficiency |
|
Definition
-Genetic risk factor for COPD
-1-2% of COPD
-Autosomal recessive disorder
-Occurs by age 40
-doesn't use tobacco products |
|
|
Term
| natural changes in aging lungs |
|
Definition
-gradual loss of elastic recoil
-lungs become rounder and softer
-decreased arterial O2 levels
-Loss of alveolar supporting structures
-Decreased number of functional alveoli |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Dilation and destruction of respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary capillary bed
-Prominent in upper lobes |
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Term
|
Definition
-destruction of whole lobular
-Affects respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs
-Prominent in lower lobes |
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Term
|
Definition
-Distended neck veins
-Hepatomegaly with upper quadrant tenderness
-Ascites
-Epigastric distress |
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Term
|
Definition
-increased incidence with COPD patients who chronically retain CO2
-Commonly in duodenum and painless |
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Term
|
Definition
| amount of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration |
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|
Term
| 5 A's of smoking cessation |
|
Definition
1. Ask about tobacco
2. Advise to quit
3. Assess willingness to quit
4. Assist in attempt
5. Arrange followup |
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Term
|
Definition
| measures the amount of O2 bound to Hgb compared to Hgbs maximal capacity for binding O2 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| PaO2 of 60-100 on supplemental O2 |
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Term
|
Definition
| PaO2 <60 on supplemental O2 |
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Term
|
Definition
| adequate unless patients unstable of O2-Hgb curve has shifted to the left |
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Term
|
Definition
Adequate in almost all patients
Values are at steep part of O2 hgb dissociation curve |
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Term
|
Definition
inadequate monitor fro dysrhythimisa
Slowly increase O2 in hypercapneic patients |
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Term
|
Definition
Adequate for patients with chronic hypoxemia
Get home O2 prescription |
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Term
|
Definition
-emboli lodges in a branch of pulmonary artery
-tissues are ventilated but not perfused
- |
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|
Term
| Risk factors for pulmonary embolus |
|
Definition
1. Immobilization
2. Surgery
3. Stroke
4. Prior hx of DVT
5. Malignancy
6.Woman (obesity, smoking, HTN) |
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Term
|
Definition
-normal 70-100
-needs to be greater than 60 to perfuse kidneys, brain
-systolic + (2x diastolic) divided by 3 |
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Term
|
Definition
| amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in one normal breath |
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Term
|
Definition
-amount of air the moves in and out of lungs in one minute
-Norm: 5-7 L/min
-TV times rate |
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|
Term
| What is the cardiac hazard to PPV |
|
Definition
| intrathoracic pressure increases causing reduced right ventricular failing which causes a decrease in CO |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-blocks tumor growth factor
-used in NSCLC patients failing chemo |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| stops tumor from creating blood supply |
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Term
| Acute Respiratory Failure |
|
Definition
-Impairment in oxygenation and or ventilation where pulmonary system is no longer able to meet the metabolic demands of the body
-Failure to maintain adequate gas exchange |
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Term
|
Definition
| blood is not oxygenated as it travels through the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tidal volume and frequency |
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Term
|
Definition
-sudden progressive form of acute respiratory failure
-alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable to intravascular fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
pneumonia
aspiration
inhalation
near drowning |
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Term
|
Definition
sepsis
blood transfusion
shock
burns and trauma
drug overdose
cardiopulmonary bypass
pancreatitis
alcoholics |
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