Term
| Middle age is loosely defined as taking place between ages |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Throughout adulthood, the size of the pupil shrinks and the lens |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Middle-aged adults are at increased risk of __________, a disease in which poor fluid drainage causes a buildup of pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve. |
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Definition
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Term
| Men’s hearing declines more or less rapidly than women's? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Reduction in bone mass during midlife causes bones to? |
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Definition
| fracture more easily and heal more slowly. |
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Term
| What percentage of individuals affected with cancer are cured? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which indicator of cardiovascular disease is referred to as a “silent killer”? |
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Definition
| atherosclerosis—a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries |
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Term
| To treat osteoporosis, doctors recommend a diet enriched with vitamin D and ________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| is the toxic ingredient in the Type A behavior pattern that predicts heart disease and other health problems. |
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Term
| Sharon decided that she was unhappy at work. She realized that the primary cause was frustration with an irresponsible co-worker. She met with this individual, came up with strategies to help the young woman meet her responsibilities, and subsequently derived more enjoyment from her job. Sharon used |
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Definition
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Term
| When a person has a sense of control over life events, a commitment to important activities, and a tendency to view change as a challenge rather than a disappointment, this person is said to display |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| view challenge as a chance for personal growth. |
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Term
| The double standard of aging refers to the notion that |
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Definition
| middle-aged women often feel assertive and confident, yet they are viewed by the larger culture as being less attractive and as having more negative traits than middle-aged men. |
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Term
| Many cross-sectional studies show that ______________ increases steadily through middle adulthood, whereas ______________ begins to decline in the twenties. |
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Definition
| crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence |
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Term
| Studies of attention during midlife indicate that |
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Definition
| it becomes more difficult to engage in two complex activities at the same time. |
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Term
| With respect to memory in middle adulthood, |
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Definition
| the amount of information people can retain in working memory declines. |
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Term
| Declines in working memory in midlife largely result from |
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Definition
| infrequent and ineffective use of memory strategies. |
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Term
| During middle adulthood, creativity |
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Definition
| shifts from an egocentric concern with self-expression to more altruistic goals. |
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Term
| Research on the relationship between vocational life and cognitive development shows that |
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Definition
| people in their fifties and early sixties show as many cognitive gains from complex work as do individuals in their twenties and thirties. |
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Term
| Adults who return to college for undergraduate and graduate study are most likely to be |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is minimal in most middle-aged adults, suggesting that severe hearing problems are caused by factors other than biological aging. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the epidermis becomes less firmly attached to the dermis. |
|
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Term
| What is true of fat distribution in middle adulthood? |
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Definition
| The rise in fat largely affects the torso as fat levels decline on the limbs. |
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Term
| With age, people must gradually reduce caloric intake to adjust for the age-related decline in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The period leading up to and following menopause is often accompanied by |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is linked to a mild increase in heart attacks, stroke, and blood clots. |
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Term
| The leading causes of death in middle adulthood are |
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Definition
| heart disease and cancer. |
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Term
| Cancer-causing mutations that are due to an inherited predisposition are called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mary, a 65-year-old woman, does not exercise regularly, has smoked on and off for thirty years, and is deficient in her vitamin D and calcium intake. As a result, Mary has suffered several minor bone fractures in recent years. Mary most likely has |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is as vital to adoption and maintenance of an exercise program in midlife as it is to career progress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which group of beginning exercisers is most likely to benefit from a home-based program? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The heart of the double standard of aging may be related to the ideal woman being represented as |
|
Definition
| young and sexually attractive. |
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Term
| Which of these tasks most clearly makes use of crystallized intelligence? |
|
Definition
| articulate expression of ideas and information |
|
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Term
| According to the neural network view, what causes age-related slowing of cognitive processing? |
|
Definition
| Neurons die, resulting in the formation of less efficient connections. |
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Term
| Researchers who believe that, with age, the entire information processing system slows down to inspect and interpret information espouse the |
|
Definition
| theory of successful intelligence. |
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Term
| As Shamiya gets older, which type of memory task will probably be the most difficult for her? |
|
Definition
| Recalling lists of unrelated words or numbers |
|
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Term
| Expertise tends to develop |
|
Definition
| among individuals from all fields of endeavor, from food service to upper-level administration. |
|
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Term
| Creative accomplishment tends to peak in the |
|
Definition
| late thirties or early forties. |
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Term
| What percentage of returning student adults are women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important factor in the success of returning students is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When 18- to 25-year-olds are asked what it means to become an adult, most emphasize |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The conflict of intimacy versus isolation is successfully resolved when a young adult |
|
Definition
| establishes a committed, mutually gratifying close relationship. |
|
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Term
| In Levinson’s concept of the life structure, |
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Definition
| only a few components, related to marriage/family and occupation, are central. |
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Term
| Who is most likely to become a mentor? |
|
Definition
| a senior colleague to a new coworker |
|
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Term
| During the age-30 transition, young people reevaluate their |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the social learning perspective, gender roles |
|
Definition
| profoundly influence criteria for mate selection among individuals of both sexes. |
|
|
Term
| At the very beginning of a relationship, the strongest component of love is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Couples who report having higher-quality long-term relationships |
|
Definition
| consistently communicate their commitment to each other. |
|
|
Term
| As people age, intimate, same-sex friendships |
|
Definition
| are more numerous for women than they are for men. |
|
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Term
| Which age group and gender has the largest number of other-sex friends? |
|
Definition
| highly educated, employed women |
|
|
Term
| _________________ of young adults return home to live for a brief time after initial leaving. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among North Americans, the average age of first marriage is |
|
Definition
| a little higher in Canada than in the United States. |
|
|
Term
| When asked about the disadvantages of parenthood, young adults most often mention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| North American couples who cohabit before becoming engaged are |
|
Definition
| more likely to divorce than married couples who did not cohabit. |
|
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Term
| When a woman’s workplace status and income exceed her husband’s, |
|
Definition
| the risk of divorce increases. |
|
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Term
| For most divorced adults, negative reactions to divorce subside within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On average, people remarry within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the United States, the largest group of never-married parents are young |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Research on gay and lesbian parents indicates that they |
|
Definition
| are as committed to and effective at child rearing as heterosexual parents. |
|
|
Term
| Career-oriented, successful ethnic minority women |
|
Definition
| often display unusually high self-efficacy. |
|
|
Term
| Like Erikson, Levinson viewed development as |
|
Definition
| a sequence of qualitatively distinct eras. |
|
|
Term
| Levinson found that during the early adult transition, most individuals construct a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are mentors more readily available to men or women? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In his study of 250 men, Vaillant found that in their fifties and sixties, the men |
|
Definition
| became “keepers of meaning.” |
|
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Term
| Ellie’s same-age friends all seemed to be getting married and starting families, while Ellie was still single. As a consequence, Ellie felt lonely, had a negative opinion of herself, and questioned her future. The best explanation of Ellie’s situation is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In choosing a long-time partner, men are more apt than women to emphasize |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warm, trusting affection and caregiving in a relationship is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to Eastern cultural perspectives, Western views of mature love are more likely to focus on |
|
Definition
| autonomy, appreciation of the partner’s unique qualities, and intense emotion. |
|
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Term
| Loneliness usually peaks in the |
|
Definition
| late teens and early twenties. |
|
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Term
| Which of the following adults is likely to experience loneliness? |
|
Definition
Denzel, a recently divorced father who stays in close contact with his ex-wife
and child |
|
|
Term
| Most well-educated, career-oriented women expect a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In partner abuse, women are more often targets of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The arrival of a baby results in little marital strain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More people seek family therapy during the period when their children are ___________ than at any other time in the family life cycle. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Frequently cited advantages of singlehood are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Voluntarily childless adults |
|
Definition
| are just as content with their lives as parents who have warm relationships with their children. |
|
|
Term
| The voluntarily childless usually |
|
Definition
| are college-educated and have prestigious occupations. |
|
|
Term
| A factor that increases the chances of divorce is |
|
Definition
| having parents who divorced. |
|
|
Term
| In a study of racial bias in the labor market, researchers found that |
|
Definition
| résumés with white-sounding names evoked more callbacks than résumés with black-sounding names. |
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