Term
|
Definition
| ventilation exceeds perfusion, alveoli cluster together and are termed dead space units |
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Term
|
Definition
| pneumonia and atelectasis |
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Term
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Definition
| alveoli is adequately ventilated in the presence of perfusion is shunting.. |
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Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary embolus or infarct |
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Term
| what is the oxyhemoglobin dissocation curve.. |
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Definition
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Term
| when you're hypoxic, you're ... |
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Definition
| strictly low on oxygen for body's demands |
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Term
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Definition
| no perfusion to no tissues and vital organs |
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Term
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Definition
| intermittent pos press device- last resort to intubation. a mask thats sealed completely off.. makes patient more comfortable than CPAP |
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Term
| nursing care for non invasive ventilation.. |
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Definition
| keep mask sealed very tight, stay w patient til stabilized, patient must be alert (not sedated) to manage airway.. head up 45 degrees, need intibiation kit AT BEDSIDE. |
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Term
| indications for invasive mechanical ventilation |
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Definition
| respiratory muscle fatigue, ARF, acute exacerbation of COPD, protect airway, drug OD, neurological dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
| ensure proper placement on a daily basis. order xray if out of place |
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Term
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Definition
| ventilator aquired pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure support ventilator.. allows patient to take own breath.. good for weaning |
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Term
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Definition
| used for procedures like weaning and extubation, it is non-sedating, just a calming effect :) |
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Term
| nursing care for mechanical ventilation |
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Definition
| verify settings of ventilator, document fi02, document tidal volume,, amount taken into lungs with each breath |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| refractory hypoxemia, the more o2 you give them, the more the patient becomes hypoxic and hypoxemic |
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Term
| ARDS looks like what on xray.. |
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Definition
| "white out" because of inflitrates. |
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Term
| most common cause of ards.. |
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Definition
| sepsis, multiple emergency transfusions and aspiration pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid starts leaking into alveoli, this is when you have profound hypoxemia and impaired gas exchange. |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of fluid begins to multiply, coninutes for like seven days, bilateral infiltrates tend to get worse.. |
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Term
| proliferative phase of ARDS |
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Definition
| can last up to month, the lungs are attempting to resolve inflammation, decreased surfactant production causes further damage |
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Term
|
Definition
| lungs get stiffer and stiffer, and worsening hypoxemia, run risk of pneuomothorax |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase resp rate, and heart rate, restlessness, confusion, o2 sat goes down. altered LOC |
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Term
|
Definition
| abgs- dx early hypoxemia (respiratory alkalosis), chest xray to rule out other stuff, and ct |
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Term
|
Definition
| resolve sxs as the occur. anticipate intubation and mechanical ventilation. Pao2 does not respond to increases in Fio2 |
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Term
|
Definition
| set tidal volume, delivers specific amt of breaths per minute |
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Term
|
Definition
| positive end expiratory pressure- allows alveoli to stay open at end of expiration, helps adjust gas exchange at alveoli level.. you dont want fio2 to be above 50 for longer than 48 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| increases thoracic pressure, increasing PEEP= squeezing heart, and decreases cardiac output. most common complication of PEEP is decreased cardiac output. low BP.. TENSION pneumothoraxes can happen too, the higher the pressure in lung, the greater the risk of the lung puncturing and causing a pneumothorax |
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Term
| what is high frequency oscillation |
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Definition
| allows lungs to maintain higher volumes at expiration, and the o2 scatters throughout the lungs, and oxygenation will increase. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| increases BG, and can cause electrolyte imbalances. |
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Term
| nitric oxide and surfactant is only used with.. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| conduction of electrical impulses slow as.. |
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Definition
| they move through the fibers and disperse |
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Term
|
Definition
| mechanical contraction called systole |
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Term
|
Definition
| electrical relaxation and mechanical relaxation called diastole |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| clouds over grass and smoke over fire |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| ventricular depolarization |
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Term
|
Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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Term
| time blocks on ekg paper equal.. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Represents the electrical impulse starting in the sinus node and spreading through atria |
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Term
|
Definition
| beginning of P to beginning of QRS, usually .12 to .2 second |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| depolarization of the myocardial cells causes which complex |
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Definition
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Term
| the st segment is analyzed for signs of.. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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|
Term
| usasam.amedd.army.mil/_fm_course/Study/UnderstandingECG.pdf |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| count QRS complexes in six seconds, multiply by 10 |
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Term
|
Definition
*lower metabolic needs
*vagal stimulation
*medications
*increased intracranial pressure
*myocardial infarction |
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Term
|
Definition
*Assess patient for hemodynamic effect and possible cause
* *Give Atropine 0.5 mg IV bolus every 3-5 min to maximum dose of 3 mg |
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Term
|
Definition
| everything's normal, just faster (>100 bpm) |
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Term
|
Definition
| normally caused by medication, stimulants, anxiety.. meds rarely used to counter it, CCB, BB |
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Term
|
Definition
| greater than 150 bpm, QRS shape is narrow, p wave and t wave may be spliced. |
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|
Term
| supraventricular tachy can cause.. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tx of supraventricular tachy |
|
Definition
adenosine,
First dose 6mg
Second dose 12 mg
Third dose 12 mg
After 30 mg, it is ineffective and then must consider electrical cardioversion |
|
|
Term
| premature atrial contractions |
|
Definition
| early p waves, may be hidden in T waves. |
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|
Term
| causes of premature atrial contractions.. |
|
Definition
*caffeine, alcohol, nicotine
*anxiety
*hypokalemia |
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|
Term
| if premature atrial contractions happen more than 6 in a minute.. |
|
Definition
| its bad, may worsen disease state and onset a fib |
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Term
|
Definition
| no discernible P waves..squiggles with visible QRS, p:qrs ration.. many:1 |
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Term
|
Definition
Advanced age
*Valvular heart disease
*Hypertension
*Heart failure
*Diabetes
*Occurs in 11-64% o |
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Term
|
Definition
| meds first, then cardioversion. can use CCB like cardizem |
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|
Term
| dangers of cardioversion in a fib |
|
Definition
| Cardioversion of a-fib > 48 hrs should be avoided unless pt has received anticoagulants (risk of embolization of atrial thrombi) |
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|
Term
| atrial flutter has distinctive.. |
|
Definition
| saw tooth appearance. like angry teef! |
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|
Term
| in atrial flutter p waves are replaced by.. |
|
Definition
| flutter waves. p:qrs many:1 |
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Term
|
Definition
Nonpharmacologic interventions to convert atrial flutter to sinus rhythm (if patient hemodynamically unstable, may cardiovert.) If present for more than 48 hrs, patient must be anti-coagulated.
beta blockers may be used too |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Central venous pressure 3-8 |
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Term
|
Definition
systemic vascular resistance 8-12
900-1400mm hg |
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Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary vascular resistance < 250 |
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Term
|
Definition
pulmonary artery pressure BP of the lungs
15-25/5-15 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
4-12 |
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Term
|
Definition
| left heart, left ventricle back pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
left ventricular pressure 100-140
think regular blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| (diastole x 2) + (systole x 1)/3 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
greater the stretch greater the volume
if stretched too far cannot repair itself |
|
|
Term
| What does a wedge waveform indicate in a patient who has a swancath? |
|
Definition
| the catheter has advanced |
|
|
Term
| what can you expect on the strip upon insertion of a swancath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exudative phase
x-ray normal, use of accessory muscles,clear lung sounds, PAWP<18mm hg, change in LOC |
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Term
|
Definition
acute fibroproliferative phase
surfactant decrease, type 2 aveolar damage, refactory hypoxemia, bilat infiltrates |
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Term
|
Definition
recovery fibrotic phase
decrease lung compliance, fibrotic/scar tissue forms
leukocytosis, fever bilat infiltrates, lactic acidosis, increase HR & decrease BP, tension pneumo |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non associative atrial and ventricluar rhythms |
|
Definition
| junctional rhythm, complete block |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pulsness electrical activity; ECG strip with no pulse, misconnect with electrical activity and mechanically stretching of muscle fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
V-fib, unstable v-tach(no pulse) V-tach( lidocaine, amiodarone)
asynchronous |
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Term
|
Definition
| PVC "my heart is skipping a beat" |
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