Term
| What is another name for adrenergic blockers? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the actions of
Adrenergic Antagonists?
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Definition
Direct blocking action on alpha or beta receptors and reduce action of endogenous norepinephrine or adrenergic agonists
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Term
What is the indirect action of
Adrenergic Antagonists?
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Definition
act on postganglionic nerve terminal and decrease NE content and/or release of NE resulting in reduced response
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Term
| Where do alpha antagonist bind? |
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Definition
a1 – postsynaptic
a2 mostly presynaptic
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Term
| What is the action of alpha antagonist? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of Prazosin?
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of tamsulosin?
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of doxazosin?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of Phentolamine? |
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Definition
blocks a1 and a2, competitive, short acting
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Term
| What is the action of Phenoxybenzamine? |
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Definition
blocks a1 + a2; reacts chemically, irreversible, long-acting
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Term
| What effect does blockade of postsynaptic a1 causes in cardiovascular system and blood vessels? |
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Definition
arterial/venous vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, some reflex tachycardia
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Term
| What effect does blockade of a1 and a2 have on cardiovascular and blood vessel? |
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Definition
causes more marked vasodilation, hypotension and marked tachycardia, relaxation of sphincter muscle of bladder and capsule of prostate; headache; decrease cholesterol and triglycerides
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Term
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Definition
differing in 1 amino acid and differ in the blockade effects of beta blockers
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Term
How do beta blockers block b1 and b2 receptors?
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of Propranolol?
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of timolol?
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of nadolol?
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of Metoprolol?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of Atenolol? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the action of Acebutolol?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of Labetalol? |
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Definition
blocks alpha and beta receptors
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Term
What action does Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
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Definition
It acts like a partial agonist that
blocks or stimulates depends on activity certain activity
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Term
What is the action of Pindolol?
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Definition
| Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity |
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Term
What is the action of carteolol?
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Definition
| Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity |
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Term
| What are the effects of beta blocker? |
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Definition
Reduces heart rate, contractility, conduction, blood pressure, lowering of blood glucose, prolonged hypoglycemia
Local anesthetic effect, bronchial constriction; fatigue, other.
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Term
| When is beta blocker contraindicated? |
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Definition
Contraindicated in heart block and congestive heart failure. |
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Term
| How can b blocker temporarily increase perioheral resistance? |
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Definition
due to beta blockade in blood vessels
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Term
| In which case scenario is effects of beta blockers more pronounced? |
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Definition
| in cases of increased blood pressure and/or heart rate. |
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Term
| What is withdrawal syndrome? |
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Definition
Stopping prolonged medication therapy abruptly, causing up-regulation of beta receptors
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Term
| What are the therapeutic use of adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
a) Chronic Hypertension
b) Anxiety related tachycardia, hyperthyroidism
c) Dysrhythmias
d) Angina, myocardial infarction
e) Pheochromocytoma
f) Open-angle glaucoma
g) Impaired bladder emptying, benign prostate hypertrophy
h) Raynaud’s disease
i) migraine
j) tremors
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Term
| How is chronic hypertension treated with adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
Reduction of peripheral resistance
Reduction of cardiac output
Reduced renin secretion
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Term
How is anxiety related tachycardia, hyperthyroidism treated with adrenergic antagonist?
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Definition
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Term
How is dysrhythmia treated with adrenergic antagonist?
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Definition
Reduction of excessive or abnormal pacemaker activity and other cardiac abnormalities
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Term
| How is Angina, myocardial infarctiontreated with adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
Reduce heart rate, contractility and O2 demand
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Term
| How is Pheochromocytomatreated with adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
Counteract excessive EPI levels due to adrenal tumor
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Term
| How is Open-angle glaucoma treated with adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
Reduce beta induced inflow of ocular fluid at ciliary processes
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Term
| How is Impaired bladder emptying, benign prostate hypertrophytreated with adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
Relax alpha controlled sphincter muscle, bladder neck and prostate capsule
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Term
| How is Raynaud's disease treated with adrenergic antagonist? |
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Definition
Relax constriction of blood vessels
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of alpha blockers? |
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Definition
Postural hypotension, miosis, nasal stuffiness, GI stimulation, inhibition of ejaculation
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of beta blockers? |
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Definition
Bradycardia, sedation, congestive heart failure (rare), orthostatic hypotension, GI stimulation (and inhibition), increase in air way resistance (bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, asthma), blood dyscrasias (rare), hypoglycemia,
masking of hypoglycemic crisis, masking hyperthyroidism, cold extremities in sensitive individuals, withdrawal syndrome after abrupt cessation
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