Term
|
Definition
-all alpha and Beta receptors
-used to prevent anaphylaxis
-vasoconstriction for local anasthetics |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Uptake1 inhibitor (keeps NE in post-synaptic jxn)
- ^BP and ^HR
-Local anasthetic, prevents bleeding |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-"Wine and Cheese" (w/ MAO inhibitor)
-Strong indirect sympathomimetic
- Get hypertensive crisis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Tyrosine Hydroxylase competitive inhibitor
-Stops catecholamine production
Tx: phaeochromocytoma
Sdx: depression, crystalluria, upset GI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"False Transmitter"
-Acts in CNS to depress sympathetics
Tx: HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Prevents post-synaptic release of NE from (catecholamine inhibitor) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Blocks VMAT, keeps NE in cytosol longer(broken down by MAO and COMT)
Tx: HTN
DO NOT USE with Hx of depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Blocks alpha receptors (Epi reversal) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha 1,2 and Beta 1 agonist (not Beta 2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine(pseudophedrine) |
|
Definition
-Most activity through indirect sympathomimetics
-orally active (MAO and COMT resistant)
-some direct action at Beta receptors
Tx: Decongestant (vasoconstriction)
Sdx: ^BP (stroke), Cardiac arrhythmias, CNS stimulation and seizure |
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine + MAO inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-alpha 1 receptor agonist (vasoconstrict)
- Indirect action: used to treat Atrial tachycardia by ^ BP and ^ vagal tone, lowering HR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-alpha 2 receptor agonist (centrally acting: Brainstem)
-Decrease symp activity @ heart and blood vessels
Tx: Centrally acting anti-hypertensive
Sdx: dry mouth, sedation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Beta2 receptor agonist (selective)
-Rescue inhaler
*not broken down by MAO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Long acting Beta2 receptor agonist
*not a rescue inhaler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-D1 receptor agonist (^ blood flow to kidneys
-Some direct alpha and beta receptor agonist w/ indirect sympathomimetic
Tx: Shock (IV infusion)
Keeps periph BP ^ while keeping kidneys perfused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Non-selective competitive alpha antagonist (alpha blocker)
*binds reversibly |
|
|
Term
| Effects of alpha receptor antagonism |
|
Definition
-decreased BP
- ^HR
-Nasal congestion (vasodilation)
-decreased ability to ejaculate
-Sedation/depression (CNS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-B2 selective agonist (systemic)
Tx: premature uterine contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Beta1 agonist (also B2 and A1)
-^ chronotropics of heart (^contractility)
Tx: acute heart failure, "stress test"
*must be IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Non-selective alpha blocker (irreversible)
*has spare receptors
Tx: Phaeochromocytoma
**NOT useful in Tx of HTN because blocks alpha 2 receptors causing blockage of NE feedback loop (^BP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Selective Alpha1 antagonist (decrease TPR and decrease smooth muscle stimulation)
Tx: HTN, CHF, and BPH
**First dose phenomenon (hypotension and/or syncope) |
|
|
Term
| Indications for Beta Blockers |
|
Definition
-Angina
-Cardiac Arrhythmia
-HTN (dont work in normotensive ind)
-Post MI
-CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Competitive Beta 1 & 2 antagonist
Tx: HTN, Angina, Ischemic Heart Disease
**Rapidly degraded by the liver (short half-life)
Sdx: Cardiac Depression, Contraindicated for Asthmatic (blocks B2 receptors), Diabetics cant tell when tachycardic (dont know when hypoglycemic) |
|
|
Term
| How do Beta Blockers treat HTN |
|
Definition
Initial and sustained decrease in Cardiac output w/ initial compensatory ^ in BP. Periph resistance falls slowly resulting in decreased BP
*B-receptors in vasculature are not normally activated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cardioselective B-blocker (B1)
-Good for asthmatics
-Short half-life... some pharmacodynamic problems (slow hydroxylators) can have ^ blood levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Once daily cardioselective B-blocker
-different clearance mechanism (renal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Partial agonist @ all Beta receptors
(Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity)
**less cardiac depression, less tendency for bronchoconstriction), reduces periph resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Super short acting beta blocker
Tx: surgery to protect heart from catecholamines
broken down rapidly |
|
|
Term
| Nicotinic (Ach) receptors |
|
Definition
-ligand gated
-two types Ng and Nn (ganglionic)
-Nm (Neuromuscular jxn) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cardiac (decrease)
-Glands (increase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Muscarinic agonist (salivating, sweating)
Tx: Open angle glaucoma, Sjogren's/Cancer radiotherapy(dry mouth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Synthetic Ach analog (muscarinic agonist)
-used to dx Asthma as provocative test
**DO not use w/ peptic ulcer, coronary insufficiency or known asthma
***Never IV or IM causes cardiac arrest and acute resp distress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Ach agonist
-Poorly absorbed in the gut and reabsorbed in kidney (so it stays there)
Tx: To stimulate GI (post-surgery) and Urinary retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-decreased glandular secretions (dry mouth/ hyperthermia in kids)
- Pupil dilatation (glaucoma exacebation)
- ^ HR
- Blocks vagal bronchoconstriction
-Decrease bladder tone and ^ sphincter tone (retention)
-decrease GI motility (constipation)
-anti-parkinsons and motion sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Muscarinic Antagonist (highly lipophilic) *gets into CNS
- Patch for motion sickness
Sdx: Dry mouth, blurred vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Muscarinic antagonist w/ (+) charge (won't cross biomembranes)
Tx: COPD and Asthma
*Used with albuterol for additive effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Non-specifice muscarinic antagonist
Tx: Overactive Bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Agonist @ nicotinic receptors
- Autonomic ganglia and NM jxn |
|
|
Term
| Acute Nicotine Toxicity (blockade) |
|
Definition
Ach binds and is rapidly degraded in post-synaptic jxn. Nicotine binds and does not leave rapidly so receptor can't repolarize causing "block"
- ^ Sympathetic Cardiovascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Partial Nicotinic agonist (anti-tobacco)
-Mimics nicotine @ "reward center" & reduces withdrawal
-Don't get 'rewarded' for cig
Sdx: Borderline psychoses? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Ach antagonist @ ganglionic nicotinic receptors
- paralyzes entire Autonomic Nervous sys
Tx: HTN, dissecting AA, autonomic hyperreflexia, control hemorrhage in surgery
**Blocks predominant autonomic tone |
|
|
Term
| Hexamethonium Effects (arterioles) |
|
Definition
| Vasodilation (hypotension) |
|
|
Term
| Hexamethonium Effects (sweat glands) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hexamethonium effects (heart rate) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pupil dilation (mydriasis)
blurred vision (cyclopegia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hexamethonium (Salivary glands) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor (short half life)
-Used to test for Myasthenia Gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cholinesterase 'substrate inhibitor'
-serves as a substrate that forms a more stable bond with cholinesterase, takes longer to be hydrolyzed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cholinesterase inhibitor
-Forms permanent bond w/ enzyme (phosphorylation) |
|
|
Term
| Tx uses of cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
- ^ GI motility or bladder atony
- glaucoma
- Alzheimers??
- Myasthenia gravis
**can cause depolarizing blockade in normal individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cholinesterase inhibitor
-Marked GI effect because not well absorbed in gut, low bioavailability |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Organophosphate Cholinesterase inhibitor (nicotinic) |
|
Definition
-Depolarizing blockade a NM jxn
muscle weakness> resp failure > death |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Organophosphate Cholinesterase inhibitor (muscarinic) |
|
Definition
-hyperactive periph Parasymps
bradycardia>arrest
-hyperactive CNS
decrease resp drive and seizures/convulsions |
|
|
Term
| Dumbells (Nerve gas poisoning) |
|
Definition
D-diarrhea
U-Urination
M-Miosis
B-Bronchospasm and Bradycardia
E-Emesis
L-Lacrimation
S-Salivation |
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|
