Term
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Definition
| the individual's cognitive representation of the self |
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Term
| 1Abstraction and Idealism |
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Definition
| Important dimension of adolescent's self understanding. Adolescen'ts begin to describe themselves in idealistic ways |
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Term
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Definition
Dimension of adolescent self understanding. Become more likely to note contextual or situational variations in describing themselves
EX: adolescent describes herself with a certain set of characteristics in relation to her family and another set of characteristics with her peers |
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Term
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Definition
| Important for adolescent self understanding. Adolescent's understand the self in different ways that fluctuate and go across time. |
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Term
| 4.Contradictions Within the Self |
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Definition
| Adolescents begin to differentiate their concept of the self into multiple roles in different relationship contexts, they sense potential contradictions between their differential selves. |
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Term
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Definition
| When there is too great of a discrepancy between the real and ideal selves, a sense of failure, self criticism, and depression can emerge |
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Term
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Definition
| What individuals might becomes, and what they are afraid of becoming. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolescents are more likely to show false selves with classmates and in romantic situations. True selves emerge when there is support from parents |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolescents are more likely than children to engage in comparing themselves to others. However, they tend to decrease this because social comparison is socially undesirable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolescents are more likely than children to be self conscious and pre occupied with their self understanding. Turn to friends for self definitions |
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Term
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Definition
| In an attempt to protect themselves, adolescents are prone to deny their negative characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| In later adolescents, people understand that some mental experience may be beyond awareness and control ( freud ) |
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Term
| 12. Integrating into the Self |
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Definition
| Because of the unrealistic self portraits during adolescence, the task of integrations various self conceptions becomes difficult |
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Term
| Self Understanding in Social Contexts |
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Definition
Adolescent's self portrait differs depending on
person (mom, dad, peers etc)
role they are living (athlete, student, son, daughter etc)
ethnic and cultural background |
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Term
| How do adolescents define themselves? |
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Definition
| Define and describe attributes of the self (self understanding) whil evaluating those attributes (self concept and self esteem) |
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Term
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Definition
| global evaluative dimension of the self. self worth, self image |
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Term
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Definition
domain specific evaluations of the self
ex: athletic, intelligent, attractive etc. |
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Term
| Positive Indicators of Self Esteem |
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Definition
Gives others directives or commands
Uses voice quality appropriate
Expresses opinions
Sits with others during social activities
Works cooperatively in a group
Faces others when speaking or being spoken to
Maintains eye contact
Maintains comfortable space
Has little hesitation in speech |
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Term
| Negative Indicators of Self Esteem |
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Definition
Puts down others by teasing, name calling, gossping
Uses gestures that are dramatic or out of context
Engages in inappropriate touching or avoids physical contact
Gives excuses for failures
Brags excessively
Verbally puts self down
Speaks too loudly, abruptly, or in dogmatic ways |
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Term
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Definition
| Self centered approach toward others. Typically unaware of actual self and how others perceive them. Has adjustment problems. Self centers and self congratualatory, viewing own needs and desires as paramount |
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Term
| Does adolescence change during adolescence and emerging adulthood? |
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Definition
| Self esteem often decreases when adolescence emerges. This is usually during life transitions. Self esteem fluctuates through a life span. Researchers found a gender gap with females having lower self esteem |
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Term
| Self Esteem and School Performance |
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Definition
| nly moderately correlated, and these correlations don't suggest that high self esteem produces better school performance |
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Term
| Self Esteem and Family Social Context |
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Definition
| Self esteem increases when family spends time together, the quality of their communication, and the extent to which the adolescent was involved in family decision making |
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Term
| Consequences of Low Self Esteem |
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Definition
| depression, anorexia, delinquency, adjustment problems, suicide |
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Term
| Four Ways to Improve Adolescen'ts Self Esteem |
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Definition
Identify cause of low self esteem and the domains of confidence important to the self.
Provide the emotional support and social approval
Foster achievement
Help with coping |
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Term
| Who was the theorist that first realized central questions pertaining to identity and its effect on adolescent development? |
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Definition
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Term
| Identity vs. Identity Confusion |
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Definition
| Erikson's fifth developmental stage. Individuals are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Erikson's term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy that adolescents experience as a part of their identity exploration |
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Term
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Definition
| when adolescents do not successively resolve identity crisis |
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Term
| Personality and Role Experimentation |
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Definition
| Adolescents face an overwhelming number of choices, and at some point during their youth enter psychosocial moratorium. It is here before they reach a stable sense of self, they try different roles and personalities |
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Term
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Definition
work identity
political identity
religious identity
relationship identity
intellectual identity
sexual identity
cultural identity
interests
personality
physical identity |
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Term
| When does identity process end? |
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Definition
| identity process neither begins nor ends with adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| successful identity is a long term process of extended exploration and reflection, and in some instances, can involve postponing decisions for a number of years. Howeves, many youths aren't moving towards identity resolution. They are left to their own devices in dealing with life's biggest questions. Need mentors to help guide them |
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Term
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Definition
| A period of identity development during which the adolescent is choosing among meaningful alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do |
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Term
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Definition
| Marcia's term for the state adolescents are in when they haven't experience identity crisis or made and commitments. Not only are they undecided about occupational and ideological choices, they usually don't have an interest either |
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Term
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Definition
| Marcia's term for the state ad. are in when they have made a commitment but haven't experienced an identity crisis. Usually happens when parents authoritatively hand down commitments to ad. |
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Term
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Definition
| Marcia's term for the state adolescents are in when they are having an identity crisis but who haven't made a clear commitment to identity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Marcia's term for and ad. who has undergone an identity crisis and made a commitment |
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Term
| Who founded the 4 stages of Identity |
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Definition
| Marcia. MEMORIZE 4.4 PAGE 147 |
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Term
| Marcia's Identity Criticisms |
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Definition
-It distorts and over simplifies Erikson's concepts of crisis and commitment.
-Complex ad. perceptions and questions are reduced to whether the ad. has thought about certain issues and its alternatives
-Erikson's idea of commitment looses its meaning of investing oneself in certain lifelong projects and is interpreted as having made a decision |
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Term
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Definition
Exploration in Depth: involves gathering information and talking to others about current commitments
Identification with Commitment : consists of the degree of security and certainty one experiences with regard to current commitments
LOOK AT EXAMPLE ON PAGE 147 |
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Term
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Definition
Individuality
two dimensions. self assurtion, or the ability to have and communicate a point of view; and separateness, or the use of communcation patterns to express how one is different from others |
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Term
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Definition
| two dimensions, mutuality, or sensitivity to and respect for others' views; and permeability, or opennes to others' views |
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Term
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Definition
| an enduring, basic aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes related to that membership |
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Term
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Definition
| When ad. identifies in some ways with ethnic group and in other ways with majority culture group |
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Term
| Which contexts influence identity dev? |
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Definition
| the context in which ethinic minority youth live |
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Term
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Definition
| eriksons 6th developmental stage , which individuals experience during the early adulthood years. At this time individuals face the developmental task of forming intimate relationships with others |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction thats important to the individual , especially to his or her well being |
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Term
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Definition
-Hormones
-puberty
-experiences |
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Term
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Definition
-being aware that the expression of emtions plays a major role in relationships
-coping with neg emotions by using self regelatory strategies that reduce intensity and duration of such emotional states
-understanding inner emotional states dont have to coresspond to outer experiences.
-being aware of ones emotional state without becoming overwhelemed by them
-being able to discern others emotions |
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Term
| Big 5 factors of personality |
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Definition
5 core traits of personality; openness to experience , Conscientirouness , extraversion , agreeableness , neurotism ( emotional stability )
OCEAN |
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Term
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Definition
| an individuals behavorial style and characteristic way of responding |
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Term
| Pubertal Change and Sexuality on gender |
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Definition
Puberty intensifies the sexual aspects of adolescents gender attitudes and behavior.
-Pubertal changes may result in masculinity and feminitiy being reegotiated during adolescence , and much of hte renegotation likley involves sexuality |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of expectations that prescribes how females and males should think act and feel |
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Term
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Definition
| gender differences mainly result from contrasting roles of females and males, with females having less power and status controlling fewer resources than males. |
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Term
| social cognitive theory on gender |
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Definition
| emphasizing that kids and adolescence gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior and through rewards , punishments they experience for gender appropriate and gender innaporpriate behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| an individuals attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to gender based socio-cultural standards and stereo types |
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Term
| How cognitive influences gender |
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Definition
| observation , imitation , rewards , punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| broad categories that reflect our impressions and beleifs about females and males |
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Term
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Definition
| prejudice and discrimination against an individual b/c of his or her sex |
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Term
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Definition
| involves harming someone by manipulating a relationship |
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Term
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Definition
the language of conversation , establishing connections and negotiating relationships
-females enjoy
-important for teachers , therapists , social workers |
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Term
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Definition
talk that gives information ; public speaking is an example
-more males |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of high degree of desirable feminine and masculine characteristics in the same individual |
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Term
| gender role transcendence |
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Definition
belief that when an individuals competence is at issue , it should be conceptualized not on the basis of masculinity , feminity or androdyny but rather on a persons basis
-think of yourself as a person |
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Term
| gender intensification hypothesis |
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Definition
| hypothesis stating that psychological and behavioral differences btwn boys and girls become greater during early adolescence bc of increased socialization pressure to conform to masc and fem gender roles |
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Term
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Definition
-girls experience life differently from boys
-adolescence is a critical juncture in girls development
-self doubt and ambivalence girls experience in early adolescence translate into depression and eating disorders ( trying to fit it ) |
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Term
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Definition
| being told not to have sex but the media portrays sex as positive |
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Term
| Developing Sexual Identity |
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Definition
mastering emerging sexual feelings and forming a sense of sexual idenity is multifaceted ( having many factors )
-learning to manage sexual feelings ( arousal / attraction )
-develope new forms of intamicy
-learning skills to regulate sexual behavior
-social norms |
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Term
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Definition
| stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should sexually behave. Females and males have been socialized to follow different sexual scripts |
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Term
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Definition
-drug use
-delinquency
-school related problems
-contextual factors
-family/parent/peer/school acheivment factors
-attention problems
-self regulation |
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Term
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Definition
someone who identifies w. being lesbian , gay or bisexual
-experince in adol
-relationship in emerging adult |
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Term
| Gay or Lesbian Identity and Disclosure |
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Definition
-parents are told first
-mothers told before dads bc adol have distant relationships with dads
-mothers are more liley to know about their childs same sex attraction
-50-60% of gays have disclosed to atleast 1 sibling
-first person to whom adol may disclose their sexual minorit identity is likkley to be a friend |
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Term
| sexually transmitted disease/infection |
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Definition
| infections contracted primarily through sexual contact. the contact is not limited to vaginal intercourse, but includes oral-genital contact and anal-genital contact as well |
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Term
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Definition
acuired immunodecifency syndrome
-sexually transmitted infection caused by the HIV , which destroys the bodys immune system |
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Term
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Definition
sti caused by a large family or viruse with many different strains , some of which produce other nonsexually transmitted diseases such as cold sores, chicken pox, and mono.
-painful sores and blisters
-no cure
-last up to 3-5 weeks and can recur
-600,000 newcases in 15-24 yr olds each yr |
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Term
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Definition
caused by human papillomama virus, difficult to test for
-small hard painless bumps on penis and vaginal area or around anus
-more than 9 mill ppl 15-24 have HPV
-most commmly aquired STI in this age group
-treatment:topical drug, freezing , surgery
-may return
-linked to cervical cancer
-guardasil helps fight HPV |
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Term
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Definition
STI commonly called the drip or the clap
-caused by bacterium called , Neisseria , which thrives in mucus in the throat , vaginal, cervix , urethra , anal tract
-400,000 new cases a year
-more in males who have discharge from penis and buring urination
-in females , undetectable , mild irritating vaginal discharge
-treated in early stages by penacillan |
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Term
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Definition
-caused by bacterium treponema pallidum
-transmitted by penile-vaginale, oral genital, anal contact.
-can be transmitted to fetus after 4th month
-8000 new cases
-primary: chancre sores
secondary: skin rash
latent: last for several years with no symptoms
tertiary: cardiovascular dis , blindness, paralysis , skin ulcers even death
-treated with penacillin |
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Term
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Definition
-most common
-spread by sexual contact and infects genital organs of both sexes
-10% of all college kids have it
-70% risk F get it in a single sexual incounter
-1 million ind
-few or no symptoms
-could see disrupted menstrual periods , pelvic pain, temp, vomit, headache
-males:discharge and burning urination |
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Term
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Definition
| forcible sexual intercourse with a person who dosnt give consent |
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Term
| date or acquaintance rape |
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Definition
| coercive sexual activity directed at someone whom the perpetrator knows |
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Term
| quid pro sexual harrasment |
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Definition
| sexual harrasment in which a school emploee threatens to be an educational decision ( grade) on a students submission to unwelcome sexual conduct |
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Term
| hostile environmental sexual harassment |
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Definition
| sexual harrassment in which students are subjected to unwelcome sexual conduct thats so severe it limits the students ability to benefit from their education |
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