Term
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Definition
individual's cognitive representation of the self, it is not the whole of personal identity just the attributes
example: a girl sees herself as a soccer player, council member,movie fan and rock music fan |
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| Self understanding and social contexts |
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Definition
| adolescents portray themselves differently depending on who they describe themselves with |
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Definition
global evaluative dimension of the self, does not always match reality, fluctuates across life span
example: a girl sees herself not as a person but as a good or bad person |
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Definition
domain specific evaluations of the self
example: adolescent may have a negative academic self-concept because they are not doing well in school but have a positive athletic self-concept because they are a star swimmer |
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Definition
| self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others, view their needs as more important than other, devalue people around them to protect their own self-esteem |
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| Social contexts and self-esteem |
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Definition
such as family, peers, and schools contribute to development of self-esteem
example: peer judgments gain increasing importance in adolescence |
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Term
| Erikson's Identity versus identity confusion |
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Definition
| fifth developmental stage, occurs in adolescent years, deciding who they are and where they are going in life |
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Term
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Definition
| Erikson's term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy |
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Term
| Four statuses of Identity/James Marcia |
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Definition
1. identity diffusion-not yet experienced an identity crisis, undecided about occupational and ideological choices
2. identity foreclosure-made a commitment but have not experienced an identity crisis, parents hand down commitments in authoritarian way,don't explore on their own
3. Identity moratorium- midst of identity crisis, not made clear commitment to an identity
4. Identity achievement- went through identity crisis and made a commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| gathering information and talking to other about current commitments |
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Term
| identification with commitment |
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Definition
| degree of security and certainty one experiences with regard to current commitments |
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Term
| Identity and Social contexts |
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Definition
| parents are influential figures in an adolescent's search for identity, identity is formed by culture and ethnic background |
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Term
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Definition
two dimensions:
1. self-assertion-ability to have and communicate a point of view
2. Separateness-use of communication patterns to express how one is different from others |
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Term
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Definition
two dimensions:
1.mutuality-sensitivity to and respect for others views
2. Permeability-openness to others views |
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Term
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Definition
| intimacy should develop after individuals are well on their way to establishing a stable identity |
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Term
| Intimacy versus isolation |
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Definition
Erikson's sixth developmental stage, individuals experience during early adulthood
example: If young adults form healthy friendships and an intimate relationship with another individual, intimacy will be achieved, if not, isolation will result |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling,or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional highs and lows occur more frequently, moodiness is normal |
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Term
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Definition
being aware that the expression of emotions plays a major role in relationships
adaptively coping with negative emotions by using self-regulatory strategies that reduce intensity
Understanding that inner emotional states don't have to correspond with outer expressions (faking a smile)
being aware of one's emotional states without becoming overwhelmed by them
Being able to discern others emotions (difference from sad to afraid) |
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Term
| Big 5 factors of personality |
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Definition
| openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (emotional stability) |
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Definition
| individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding |
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Term
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Definition
| biological influence on gendered behavior in adolescence, puberty intensifies the sexual aspects of adolescent's gender attitudes and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| gender differences mainly result from the contrasting roles of females and males, with females having less power and status and controlling fever resources than males |
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Term
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Definition
| children and adolescent's gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior, and through rewards and punishments they experience for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| television shows and music videos directed towards adolescents are extremely stereotyped in their portrayal of the sexes, especially teenage girls |
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Term
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Definition
| theory stating that an individual's attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to gender-based sociocultural standards and stereotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| general impressions and beliefs about females and males |
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Term
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Definition
| prejudice and discrimination against an individual on the basis of her or his sex |
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Term
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Definition
| boys are more physical aggressive than girls and girls are more verbal than boys |
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Term
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Definition
| involves harming someone by manipulating a relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| language of conversation and a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships, females enjoy it more than boys do |
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Term
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Definition
talk that gives information,males hold center stage through report talk with such verbal performances as storytelling, joking and lecturing with information
example: public speaking |
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Term
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Definition
| girls view themselves as more prosocial and empathetic than boys |
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Term
| Emotion and its regulation |
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Definition
boys are more likely to hide their negative emotions such as sadness, and girls are less likely to express emotions such as disappointment that might hurt others' feelings
*boys usually show less self-regulation than girls |
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Term
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Definition
independent, aggressive and powerful, considered healthy and good by society
examples: forceful, willing to take risks, dominant, aggressive |
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Term
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Definition
dependent, nurturant,and uninterested in power, considered undesirable
examples: affectionate, loves children, understanding and gentle |
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Term
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Definition
presence of a high degree of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same individual
example: a male who is assertive but yet sensitive to others' feelings |
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Term
| Gender role transcendence |
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Definition
| belief that, when an individual's competence is at issue, it should be conceptualized not on the basis of masculinity, femininity, or androgyny but, rather on a person basis |
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Term
| Gender intensification hypothesis |
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Definition
| hypothesis stating that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during adolescence because of increased socialization pressure to conform to masculine and feminine gender roles |
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Term
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Definition
| girls experience life differently from boys, girls have a different voice |
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Term
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Definition
| portrayal of sex in the media |
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Term
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Definition
| mastering emerging sexual feelings and forming a sense of sexual identity is multi-faceted |
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Term
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Definition
stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually
Girls and boys have been socialized to follow different sexual scripts |
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Term
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Definition
many adolescents are not emotionally prepares to handle sexual experiences, especially in early adolescence
Having older sexually active siblings or pregnant/parenting teens as sisters places a person at a higher risk of pregnancy
Also not feeling close to your parents or having low self-esteem and watching TV are linked to adolescents being sexually active at 15 |
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Term
| Sexual Minority (same sex) |
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Definition
someone who identifies being a lesbian, gay or bisexual
individuals experience their first same sex attraction or behavior during adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
-parents are usually told first
-mothers are usually told before fathers
-mothers are more likely to know
-50-60% of minorities have disclosed to at least one sibling |
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Term
| sexually transmitted infections |
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Definition
| infections that are contracted primarily through sexual contact |
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Term
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Definition
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the HIV, which destroys the body's immune system |
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Term
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Definition
caused by a large family of viruses with many different strains, some of which produce other non-sexually transmitted diseases such as cold sores, chicken pox and mononucleosis
NO CURE |
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Term
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Definition
caused by the human papilomavirus (HPV) does not always produce symptoms but is very contagious, small hard painless bumps on the penis or vaginal area
Treatment involves topical drug, freezing, or surgery |
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Term
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Definition
called the drip or clap, caused by bacterium which thrives in the moist mucous membranes lining the mouth, throat, vagina, cervix, urethra and anus
treated in early stages with penicillin or other antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
caused by bacterium, transmitted by penile-vaginal, oral-genital, or anal contact
treated in time with penicillin, if untreated may progress to sores, skin rash, blindness, even death |
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Term
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Definition
| most common STI, spreads by sexual contact and infects the genital organs of both sexes |
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Term
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Definition
| forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent |
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Term
| date or acquaintance rape |
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Definition
| coercive sexual activity directed at someone whom the perpetrator knows. Acquaintance rape is an increasing problem in high schools and on college campuses |
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Term
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Definition
| sexist remarks and covert physical contact like patting or brushing against bodies, blatant propositions and sexual assaults |
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Term
| Quid pro quo sexual harassment |
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Definition
| when a school employee threatens to base an educational decision such as a grade on a students submission to unwelcome sexual conduct |
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Term
| Hostile environment sexual harassment |
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Definition
| when students are subjected to unwelcome sexual conduct that is so severe, persistent, or pervasive that it limits the students ability to benefit from their education |
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Term
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Definition
| adolescents who experienced comprehensive sex education were less likely to report adolescent pregnancies than those who were given abstinence only sex education or no sex education |
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