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| Father of adolescent psychology |
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G. Stanley Hall
Volatile adolescent temperament
Genetically based
Little can be done to change this
Adolescence is inevitably difficult
Spurred interest and research in adolescence |
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| The nature of adolescence is not biological. It is sociocultural |
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| Cultural Continuity vs. Discontinuity |
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Continuous development through roles or an abrupt switch in roles
Margaret Mead |
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| instincts, impulses to satisfy desires |
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| the conscience, incorporation of parent’s and societal values. morality |
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| the decision maker, evaluative, reasoning power, deals with demands of reality |
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| Unconscious methods the ego uses to distort reality and protect itself from anxiety |
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formation of a personal identity by separating from parents and others
Unresolved issues with parents will reemerge
Sigmund Freud |
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| Freud’s Psychosexual Stages |
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1. Oral Stage--birth to 1 1/2 years
2. Anal Stage--1 1/2-3 years
3. Phallic Stage (genitals)--3-6 years
4. Latency Stage--child represses sexual interest and develops intellecutal skills--6 years to puberty
5. Genital stage--puberty and on |
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Characterized adolescence as a period of internal conflict, psychic disequilibrium, and erratic behavior
Flare up of instinctual drives at adolescence due to sexual maturation
Problem of adolescence rooted in “love objects” in adolescent’s past (like parents) |
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| Wrote on regression in adolescents |
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Eight psychosocial stages
Developmental changes occur through lifespan. |
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Industry vs Inferiority
Initiative versus guilt
autonomy vs shame and doubt
trust vs mistrust
integrity vs despair
generativity vs stagnation
intimacy vs isolation
identity vs identity confusion |
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| a socially sanctioned period between childhood and adulthood during which an individual is free to experiment to find a socially acceptable identity and role |
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Cognitive development is an interaction of environment and nervous system maturation
Children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development. |
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Sensorimoter Stage--birth to 2
Preoperational Stage--2 to 7
Concrete Operational--7 to 11
Formal Operational--11 through adulthood |
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