• needs to be bothered efficient and effective. A system that has forces between two or more persons

• social units deliberately contracted and reconstructed to seek specific goals.

• - a process where elements of a group are coordinated, integrated, and utilized to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational goals.

  1 ignores notion of office or position

  2 managment is not the sole province of managers and supervisors

  3 non supervosory personel can perform the management function

 a process that helps to direct and mobilize people and their ideas with an emphasis on the creation of a vision and inspiring people.

focuses on symbols, rituals and culture.

focus on planning and budgeting, setting short term goals, developing procedures to reach those goals

• establish direction, align people, motivate and inspire.

• - a realistic, attractive. Credible future for your organization.

• an entity defined by structure, purpose and activity objectives.

• limited admission, leader and staff leaders.

• cj official were political appointees and favored political leaders

• - transition to formalized and rule bound.

• He guided and informed police decision making by collecting information and allocating resources COMPSTAT

• Better decision making and holded supervisors accountable.

• - emphasizes on key operational components of an organization. Open theory is influenced by elements of the environment.

  self retained an unresponsive to their enviorment

  factors are unchanging in their enviorments

• operate within the context of a public status and are constrained and directed in part by civil service protections and union contrast. Management and leadership must be aware of public context to be effective.

• a process, but management functions are not limited to a specific office within an organization.

• the originations of the CRJ system have multiple and conflicting complex goals. Deal with the consequences of this complexity. Defined as a situation in which an organization faces many competing and conflicting purposes. Successful orginization must meet all their goals.

• understanding organizations as being influenced by their environments. Framework for analysis, organizations are viewed are constantly interacting with their environment.

• the context within which criminal justice admin function. How it shapes criminal justice management and leadership. CRJ admin must deal with civil crevice pertection and obligations and expectations due to public status. Another problem is unions because they fight for good pay and benefits package. * Management and leading in the public sector have been challenging and difficult as apprehending offenders, prosecuting them, and imposing some sanction on them.

Defined by structure, purpose and activity. 3 issues

1) Weber- corporate groups marked by limited admission to the group and structure involving leader and staff. 

Bureacracy model- rigid hierarchy of offces, clear division of labor an formal.

2) purpose is goal, everyone has a goal police, ocrrections and courts

3) orginization guide beavior of member an orginization

Span of control- number of subordinates reporting to supervisior.

Centrualized- important decision made from upper level

Decentrailized- important decision made by lower level.

Task specialization

Formalization

task specialization- deviding work process in smaller groups

Narrowly defined work task= high risk

Broadly defined work task= low task specialization

Formailzation- establishment of written rules and regulations that govern the work activities.

High formalization= reduce uncertainty, define authority and responsibility.

low formalization- rely on staff expertise to direct order.

goals, activities or structure that are not officialy knowlege by an orginization

Apart of culture by imformal communications system- rumor mill

informal leadership- expertise and cummication skills

Sociology - criminolgy- study of why crime and theories

Criminolgy= CJ

Series of decisions

Systematic approach- decision of coming together

Corrections- one big system- offenders drive the system.

1) Active family involvment

2) congnitive and systematic risk factors

3) intensive shorten apporach

two factors

1) change in care giver diciplinary practice

2) reduction with deviant peers

internal- those written cj system personel, criminal, victime.

extrenal- public, politicia, social services, media.

managers- short term goals, insure complience within existing procedure. concerned about employees doing whats right.

4 philoshpies- rehab, retribution, deterrence and rehab.

Pareto- optimal soultion, satisfactory means of achiving a goal, seeking justice but not overcrowd corrections.

example- plea bargaining.

Hierarchial

1) structural is rigid- clear chain of command.

2) leadership exist within supervisor/ subordinate relationships.

3) function best in stable with predictable enviorments

4)communication is vertual and downward.

Organic

1) loosely connected authority is peer orientated( bunch of ppl)

2) can function stabley in an unstable or unpredictble enviorment.

3) cummunication is horizontal.

police- prevent and solve crimes. maintain due process, reduce community conflict an seek to provide a good working enviorment.

courts- pursue justice but tempers that goal with mercey.

corrections- goal is punishment, rehab, maintaince of order and avoiding publicity

mechanistic approach

bureaucracies

1 rigid

2 strict formal rules

vertical communication

specialized tasks

narrow range of duty

tall chain of command

decison policies and expertise.

its centruailized

emphasis means rather then results

works well in stable enviorment

big agencies

Klotter 1990- refers to the process that helps direct and mobilize people and ideas

dupree 1989- leadership is tribal in nature and focuses on symbols, rituals and culture.

leaders focus on

1 motivating employees

2 devloping orginizational, culture and 3 changing the orginization

1devlop culture

2 are politcal

3 actively seek survival 

4 compete for resources

5 exist as a complex enviorment

Informal organizations- 

is clear statement of the orginizations purpose.

all orginizations have a mission.

provides needed service

Ideally the mission can provide organizational members and constituents a clear understanding of and agencies purpose, goals and objectives. Mission can serve as an anchor or direction for all organizational activities and can keep an organization from drifting away. All organizations have a mission Policies- based on the mission, providing a statement of purpose for agency units. What a subunit is supposed to do. A policy is a clear statement that defines what action’s to be taken and why. Well policy statement provides a purpose, action and rational for the purpose 

 step-by-step directions on how a policies to be carried out. These are informal side of organizations.

- the authority to direct members in the pursuit of its purpose. The formal structure formal rules and relationships, divides labor and allocates responsibility and promotes rules and hierarchy of authority to coordinate activities. Organic system also referred to the professional or informal system. Organic organizations- has flexible networks of professional staff that may perform a variety of tasks.

Centralization versus decentralization

both wants the level of hierarchy decision-making at the top level. Decision-making in organizations may be centralized or decentralized. Decision making that is centralized to the extent that decisions on personnel actions, planning, formulation of policies and procedures, adjudication of conflict and other significant issues are made by managers at the top of the hierarchy. On decentralized they focus on significant issues occur with routine frequency throughout an agency or by staff at the grassroots level. Decide rather the organization is centralized or decentralized depends on basic values and management philosophy. Centralized is the natural state of an organizational belief that the top level knows best. In decentralized the warden may believe participation in decisions creates commitment in subordinates. Also taking in account limited knowledge a top manager may have about all components of agency individually or synergistically.

the process of allocating dollars within an agency to various hierarchical levels and subunits. Budgeting process is the backbone of any agency, agencies receive funds to operate and achieve its mission. Every public agency goes threw a budgeting cycle. Agencies base there budgeting on last years budget. Have to seek approval of budget request. Next step is execution by which funds that have been appropriate are distributed to agencies and within the agency. Executives manage the budget. Final step is the audit and evaluation process. 

organic orginization

small departments

non routine

broad task

work well in non stable enviorments

decison making from the bottom

flat orginization

conditons, forces and circumstances external to orginizations that effect orginiations mandates and contraints.

as eniormental conditions change demands for goods and services, resources and support for programs of pulic and private also may change.

highly productive city gets more resources.

these orginization compete for resources

economic conditions may influence crj such as unemployment rates effect crime rates

having a bigger agency you would want a closed system.

more specialized task meaning people doing them are more trained on that specific area.

strict rules which leaves out option of an informal agency taking over.

focus on the procedures rather then the results benefit make sure they are doing things right during the process

routine dont straw from procedure and policies

decentrailized- group effort better then one or 2 ppl making decisions

not held to strict rules- ability to express more disgression

focus on the results helps determine rather or not means are working or not

very flexible to the enviorment. good ebcause enviorment changes all the time

because we have so many different employees of different expertise and we need it to be an open system so they can come together and form a better rehabilitation center. we are flat in rank so then again everyone shares thier expertise so people in the lower chain of command can give information because they see everything thats going on.

not bound to very strict rules and regulations that makes us flexible to the enviorment.

enviorment is going to be in alaska. have alot of problems with drug abuse and domestic violence/ sexual offenders. strongly influences what agency we are creating. are focus is on them. 

technolgy plays a big part because we have automibiles that can take them to thier job location. how computers arived we have secruity system monioring them all time.

economic conditons play big role on our agency unemployment rates effect us in alaska because if their are no jobs then we wont have any place to bring our

offenders anywhere. overcrowding in prisons would lead to offenders getting out of jail unemployed make our program look like its not working. demgoraphic of age and sex if thier is alot of men that are commiting certain crimes will influence the age group we are rehabing.

based on enviormental factors we may have to change our mission or goal

enviorment scanning lets us plan an adapt to future changes this will help our orginization in the future

some elected and appointed

elected by popular view

informal- politcal action groups mad.

simple enviorment- enviormental forces are homogenus and few in number. meaning they stay the same

complex enviorment- forces are hetrogenus and high in number. always changing

enviormental state- may be simple or complex, and static or dynamic

static- stable over time

dynamic- rapidly changing