Term
| Public Health Infrastructure is the _________________________ and ______________________ to carry out the core functions and essential services of PH. |
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Definition
| The resources and relationships |
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Term
| Static Component--- ______________________________________________ resources, example=funding, authority, human and physical sources |
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Definition
"What it is?" Part of Infrasture
-"Building block" resources |
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Term
| Dynamic Component-- is the _____________________________ to carry out main functions, ex defining, setting and achieving goals. |
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Definition
"What is does" part of infrastructure
-Capacity to carryout main functions |
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Term
| 4 resources of Public Health: |
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Definition
1. Human
2. Organizational
3. Informational
4. Fiscal |
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Term
| PH resources determine the _________________________________ of the PH systems to perform expected duties. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most essential resource? |
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Definition
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Term
Human resources=
(examples) |
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Definition
The PH workforce
Ex. Public health workers & their knowledge, skills, and abilities |
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Term
| The _________________ and _________________ of the PH workforce is determined largely by the problems it faces and the ____________, _____________, and ______________ enviro in which it operates. |
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Definition
size, structure
social, political and economic |
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Term
| What is the total size of PH workforce and what does it consist of? |
|
Definition
650,000 total workers
-586,000 FTE governmental workers
-64,000 NGOs |
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Term
| Why is there uncertaintly in total size of PH workforce? |
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Definition
| Due to spread of PH functions among a variety of public and private orgs. |
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Term
| What are the 3 largest groups of LHD workforce? |
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Definition
-Nurses
-Enviro health specialists
-Admin's (+ support staff) |
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Term
| What percentage of the PH workforce has formal education and training in ph? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic PH curriculum (5 core disciplines) |
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Definition
-Biostats
-Epi
-Admin
-Health Ed/Behavior
-Enviro |
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Term
Organizational resources
(examples:) |
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Definition
| Relationships between various system participants (public and priv orgs., statuatory relationships, system practices, leadership components) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Structure that link individuals with common goals & objectives |
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Term
What do organizations have?
-An identified _______________________
-A ___________________ and ___________________________ to coordinate the assembling and managing resources and activities directed at accomplishing identified goals. |
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Definition
-An identified mission
-A governance and operating structure |
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Term
| What does the PH system include a web of? |
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Definition
Federal, state, local gov't agencies and private sector agencies---
---complicates many things |
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Term
| What is the performance of PH agencies measure in? |
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Definition
| Measured in terms of outcomes |
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Term
| PH agencies operate in ________________ and __________________ _______________________ that complicate what and how things are done.-Depend of them for _______________________________- which are resources such as money and authority. |
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Definition
Political and bureaucratic enviros
-critical dependencies |
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Term
| Advantages & disadvantages of PH collaborations |
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Definition
Advantage: access to needed resources
Dis: Must share control, provide nurturing |
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Term
| What are the types of collaborative organizations? ________________ committees, __________________, _______________________, ___________________________, _________________ and _______________ forces. |
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Definition
Advisory committees,
-commisions
-Consortia
-Alliances
-Networks & task forces |
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Term
| Key decision in developing collabs, what are the __________________________________, like time, money and control? |
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Definition
Transaction costs
Ie. Time, money , control |
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Term
| Information resources is used in __________________________ (problem identification and assessment), _________________________________, the selection of ________________________________________, health _________________________ and other functions in PH. |
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Definition
| surveillance, planning processes, selection of scientifically based interventions, health communications, |
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Term
| Information and surveillance are based on ___________________ and _________________ factors. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Problem identification and assessment |
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Term
| What are the two most common sources of data? |
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Definition
-Data from Pt encounters for health services or problems
-Population/group data sets (surveys, registries, etc) |
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Term
Information drives _______________________ function of PH in three ways:
1. Use of __________________ data to monitor community health status and trends and to identify problems, risk and hazards
2. Once health needs are identified, ___________________ is needed on the community's resources available to address the identified needs, including the effetiveness of those resources.
3. ____________________ information must be tailored for the needs of decision and policy makers to facilitate effective interventions. |
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Definition
1. surveillance
2. information
3. assessment |
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Term
| Collectively, synergy, leadership, efficiency, effective admin, non-financial resources, financial resources, etc are ________________________________________ elements. |
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Definition
| partnership assessment elements |
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Term
| The leadership organization must have the ____________________ and the _________________ necessary for the proposed tasks. |
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Definition
| CREDIBILITY and the RESOURCES necessary for proposed task |
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Term
| What does PH surveillance focus on? |
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Definition
-Health hazards
-Actual Exposures
-Health outcomes |
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Term
| What is the lesson learned from community health planning efforts? |
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Definition
| -It's as much of a POLITICAL process as it is an OBJECTIVE process based on FACTUAL STATISTICAL dDATA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Funding levels and sources to carry out PH tasks |
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Term
| Fiscal resources provided to ph represent ____________________ (of ________________________) of certain ph activities compared to other public policy goals. |
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Definition
| PERCEIVED WORTHINESS (of outputs) |
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Term
| What % of health related expenditures goes towards PH which includes essential personal health services and population services? (what % comes from gov't funding?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| -What % of the total expenditure for health in the US is devoted to population based PH activities? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where does the US stand among developed nations in their spending on population PH activities? |
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Definition
| Smallest percentage of any major developed nation on POPULATION BASED PH services |
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Term
| What is the trend seen in PH insutrastructure in the 20th century? |
|
Definition
UNDER funded and UNDER values
-historically placer greater emphasis on hospital services than primary and preventative care |
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Term
Out of PH expenditures, what do federal agencies spend more proportionatly on?
-What about state and local health agencies? |
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Definition
research, evaluation, training and monitoring health status
- assuring care, informing and educating the public, diagnosing, and investigating health risks |
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|
Term
Today states rely heavily on federal funding to do what?
-What is the outcome of that? |
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Definition
Rely heavily on deferal funding to support PH activities
-therefore, federal policies and priorities drive state and local PH operations |
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Term
| Local gov'ts receive funding from where? |
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Definition
| federal and state funding as well as varies amounts of local funding to carry out basic PH services |
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Term
| Data is increasingly ___________________ and _____________________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where does the local funding for local gov't come from? |
|
Definition
| Local funding tax levies, services/users fees, and patient services revenue |
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Term
| ________________________ budgeting generate revenues and meeting expensives associated with PH activities (often have multi ____________________________, ____________________________, and restrictions as to use) |
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Definition
Operating
-funding sources
-reporting requirements
-restrictions |
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Term
| _____________________ budgets are for the financing of equipment purchases and facility construction. |
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Definition
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Term
| LHDs have tended to be ______________ rather than ______________ in their funding |
|
Definition
reactive (acting in response to a situation rather than controlling it)
-proactive (creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened) |
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Term
| The public health workforce is a mosaic of multidisciplinary ____________________________________, _______________________, and _________________________. |
|
Definition
| knowledge, skill sets, and background experiences |
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|
Term
| The divided professional loyalties in PH complicates coordination of PH ________________________ and _____________________. |
|
Definition
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