Term
| Name the four catecholamines? |
|
Definition
| NE, epi, dopamine, isoproterenol |
|
|
Term
| Which receptors does NE prefer in order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effect of norepinephrine? |
|
Definition
vasoconstriction
increase BP
reflex brady |
|
|
Term
| What is the order of preference for epi receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effects of epi? (5) |
|
Definition
constant BP b/c a and B balance
increase HR, CO, SV
decrease mast cell release
increase renin release
bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
| What are four uses of epinephrine? |
|
Definition
anaphalatic shock
tissue hemostasis
combined with anesthetic
cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| In giving epi for treating tissue hemostasis, what consequence can result? |
|
Definition
| rebound effect due to the build up of metabolites will force vessels to dilate |
|
|
Term
| At high doses of epi, what will happen to the BP? |
|
Definition
| at high doses more of the alpha receptors are bound creaeting vasocconstriction and increase in BP |
|
|
Term
| What receptors will isoproterenol bind to in order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the biological effects of isoproterenol? (2) |
|
Definition
vasodilate=decrease BP
increase HR,SV, CO |
|
|
Term
| What receptors does dopamine bind to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effect of Dopamine? |
|
Definition
CNS effects
vasodilate renal, mesenteric, coronary vascular beds |
|
|
Term
| What drug is good for treatment of non-anaphylactic shock? WHY? |
|
Definition
| dopamine b/c it opens vasculature to important structures |
|
|
Term
| At high doses of dopamine what happens to the CO and HR? |
|
Definition
CO goes up
HR goes up slightly |
|
|
Term
| What receptor is dobutamine primarily active against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effect of dobutamine? |
|
Definition
| increase CO with modest increase in HR |
|
|
Term
| What drug is good for use short term after cardiac surgery or CHF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs bind an reverse UPTAKE 1? (3) |
|
Definition
amphetamine
ephedrine
Tyramine |
|
|
Term
What durg selective binds B2 agonist?
What disease is it great for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is a selective alpha agonist and is used as a decongestant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a use of amphetamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of ephedrine? (4) |
|
Definition
nasal decongestant
hypotension in spinal procedures
mydriasis
glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the two mechanisms of action of ephedrine? |
|
Definition
binds and reverses uptake 1
agonist for a and B |
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effect of amphetamine? (5) |
|
Definition
cause vasoconstriction, increase in BP
reflex brady
analeptic
decrease appetitie
contract urinary sphincter |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the neuron with repeated doses of amphetamine? |
|
Definition
| Tachyphalaxis (tolerance) |
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effect of ephedrine? (4) |
|
Definition
vasoconstriction but no reflex b/c also stimulates heart to increase HR.
Relax bronchi
mydriasis |
|
|
Term
| What are the two CNS alpha2 acting drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CNS drug is a prodrug (needs to be converted)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two receptors does clondine stimulate? |
|
Definition
| postsynaptic alpha 2 and Imidazoline I-1 in the CNS |
|
|
Term
| What is the biological effect of clondine? |
|
Definition
puts the break on sympathetics
|
|
|
Term
| What are the biological effects of methyl dopa? |
|
Definition
| puts brakes on sympathetics |
|
|
Term
| What is the use of methyl dopa as second line treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a great drug to use in pregnant women for treatment of HTN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the general side effects of methyl dopa and clondine?
What is one side effect to clondine and two specific to methyl dopa? |
|
Definition
sedation
sexual dysfunction
withdrawal
methyl dopa: anemia, hepatitis
clondine: Xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause sedation, hepatitis, anemia, withdrawal, sexual disfuction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause Xerostomia, sedation, withdrawal, sexual disfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three alpha antagonists studied? |
|
Definition
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Prazosin |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of phenoxybenzamine? |
|
Definition
| nonselective alpha antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist is slow acting but long lasting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alphaantagonist is irreversible and noncompetative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist is reversible and fast acting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist works best against circulating catecholamines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To get a greater effect of the alpha antagonists, what has to be true of the sympathetic tone? |
|
Definition
| the sympathetic tone most be increased |
|
|
Term
| What class of drugs is good in treating Reynaud's syndrome and pheochromocytoma? |
|
Definition
| alpha antagonists (phenoxybenzamine, phenolamaine, prazosin) |
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist drug treats acute HTN better? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist treats essential HTN best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist is selective for alpha 1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alpha antagonist decrease TAG and increases HDL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of tamsulosin (flomax)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of tamsulosin (flomax)? |
|
Definition
| benign prostate hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| What are the six beta blockers we studied and are responsible for? |
|
Definition
propanalol
metoprolol/atenolol
carvedilol
labetabolol
nebivolol
sotolol |
|
|
Term
| Which three beta blockers have vasodilation effects and therefore work fast? |
|
Definition
| carvedilol, labetabolol, nebivolol |
|
|
Term
| Which two beta blockers work by blocking B1 B2 and a1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which beta blocker works also by stimulating NO release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Beta blocker will not cause vasochonstriction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do most beta blockers do to TAGs and HDL?
Which beta blocker does not? |
|
Definition
incresae TAG
decrease HDL
metoprolol |
|
|
Term
| In general what do all beta blockers do to the heart? |
|
Definition
| decrease HR, CO, SV, AV node conduction, inhibit increase in glucose (except metoprolol) |
|
|
Term
| What 8 uses do Beta blockers have? |
|
Definition
angina
essential hypertension
arrhythmias
benign essential tremor
perioperative
migrain prophylaxis
hyperthyroid
post MI |
|
|
Term
| Which two beta blockers can induce reynaud's syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be a consequence of stopping beta blockers after chronic use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the general side effects of beta blockers, except metoprolol? (5)
|
|
Definition
bronchiconstriction
severe brady
heart block
mask low glucose levels
withdrawal syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause a decreased appetite but is quickly tolerated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause analeptic? |
|
Definition
|
|
