Term
| What are two major questions of comparative genomics? |
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Definition
a) What is conserved?
b) What is different? |
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Term
| What is the percentage of human genes present in fly/worms/yeasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the percentage of human disease genes present in fly/worms/yeasts? |
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Definition
80% were found in the fly
73% were found in the worm
42% were found in yeast |
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Term
| What is the size of core fly's genome? |
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Definition
| 7000. The number of predicted “unique” or “lineage specific” genes in the different pecies ranged from hundreds to thousands, but many of these lacked evidence for expression, so it is difficult to determine how many are real, functional genes |
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Term
| When first plant genome was sequenced? Which plant? |
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Definition
| Arabidopsis thaliana,in 2000 |
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Term
| How many genes arabidopsis has? |
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Definition
The 125 Mb Arabidopsis genome has about 25,000
genes, which is more than the fly (14,000) or the worm (19,000) |
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Term
| Which events played an important role in plant evolution? How could we know that? |
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Definition
| Duplications, by number of paralogs and multi-genes families |
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Term
| Size of rice genome, number of genes |
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Definition
| Rice has a genome size of 430 Mb. The number of rice genes is around 40,000-50,000 |
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Term
| How many genes arabidopsis and rice have in common? |
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Definition
| 80-85% of the predicted Arabidopsis genes had a homolog in rice. Only≈50% of the predicted rice genes had a homolog in Arabidopsis |
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Term
| How could proteins similar to bacterial ones, appear in human? |
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Definition
1) Contamination, unlikely, genes are real and have orthologs in vert.
2)Genes present in common ancestor of eukaryotes, but lost in yeast, worm, fly. Requires many independent cases of gene loss, but is possible.
3) Could be transfer from humans to bacteria, equire many independent gene transfers
4) authors prefer the scenario that the genes were transferred directly from bacteria to vertebrates |
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Term
| Why it is unlikely that genes from bacteria migrated to human? |
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Definition
1) more non-vertebrate eukaryote genomes are searched,homologs to these genes can be found
2) If there was horizontal transfer, the human genes should be more similar in sequence to the bacterial genes than to other eukaryotes - not true |
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Term
| How namy of human genes have homologs with mice? |
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Definition
| 98, On a small scale, the order of genes was well conserved,but on a larger scale, there were many re-arrangements, re-arrangements are common among vertebrate species |
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