Term
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Definition
CYP P4-50 IS THE MOST COMMON ENZYME IN HEPATIC CELLS.
* 50% OF DRUGS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN BY CYP 450-3A4
*THIS IS VERY UNIQUE BECAUSE ENZYMES ARE VERY SPECIFIC |
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Term
| PHASE 1 METABOLISM REACTIONS |
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Definition
OXIADATION
REDUCTION
HYDROLYSIS |
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Term
| PHASE 2 METABOLISM REACTIONS |
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Definition
CONJUGATION REACTIONS
*CAN ADD A SMALL IONIC COMPOUND TO DRUG IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE MOLECULTES PERMEIABILITY AND INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF DRUG RELEASE FROM THE BODY |
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Term
| DEFINE METABOLIC INDUCTION |
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Definition
WHEN A DRUG INCREASES THE ACTIVITY OR AVAILABILITY OF HEPATIC ENZYMES
*THE PHARMOCOLOGICAL EFFECT IS REDUCED |
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Term
| DEFINE METABOLIC INHIBITION |
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Definition
THE DRUG CAUSES A DECREASE IN THE ACTIVITY OR AVAILABILITY OF HEPATIC ENZYMES
*PHARMOLOGICAL EFFECT IS INCREASED |
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Term
| PATHWAY OF FIRST PASS METABOLISM |
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Definition
TOLERATE ACIDITY OF GI TRACT
CROSS CELL OF GI TRACT LINING
PASS THROUGH LIVER (CYP450)
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION |
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Term
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Definition
| WHEN THE BINDING OF A DRUG TO A TISSUE RESULTS IN NO EFFECT |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. STATE OF DECRESED RESPONSIVENESS TO A DRUG |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO COMPONENTS OF DRUG TOLERANCE |
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Definition
PHYSICAL MECHANISM-METABOLIC TOLERANCE:INDUCTION LEADS LESS BIO-AVAILABILITY OF DRUG AND A NEED OF INCREASED DOSAGE
PHARMOCOLOGICAL TOLERANCE-THEINTERACTION BETWEEN THE DRUG AND TISSUE WHICH YIELDS A RESULT. |
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Term
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Definition
THE APPEARANCE OF UNPLEASANT SYMPTOMS UPON REMOVAL OF THE DRUG
ALSO CALLED ABSITNENCE SYNDROM OR WITHDRAWL |
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Term
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Definition
| THE INTERACTION OF A DRUG WITH TARGET TISSUE WHICH RESULTS IN A REACTION |
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Term
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Definition
ARE A TYPE OF DRUG THAT BIND TO A RECEPTOR AND INITIATE AN ACTION OR EFFECT.
AGONIST DRUGS CAN BIND TO NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTORS AS WELL |
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Term
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Definition
A DRUG WHICH BINDS TO A RECEPTOR BUT CANNOT INITIATE AN ACTION OR EFFECT - THIS DOES NOT MEAN THE DRUG HAS NO EFFECT, SIMPLY THAT THE EFFECT MUST TAKE PLACE AT A DIFFERENT LOCATION
ANTAGONIST DRUGS CAN BIND TO NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTORS AND INHIBIT THE EFFECT OF THAT RECEPTOR. |
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Term
| TYPE OF ANTAGONIST DRUGS (2) |
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Definition
- COMPETIVE ANTAGONIST DRUGS CAN BIND TO A COMMON RECEPTOR IN ORDER TO INHIBIT A REACTION. THIS RESULTS DECREASE POTENCY OF THE DRUG (REQUIRED INCREASE OF DOSAGE FOR SAME RESPONSE).
- NON-COMPETITIVE ANTAGOSIST DRUGS BINDS TO THE RECEPTOR AND CAUSES A CONFORMATION CHANGE SO THAT THE INDOGENOUS LIGAND CAN NO LONGER BIND TO THE RECEPTOR. THIS RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN THE POTENCY AND EFFICACY IN THE DRUG (REQUIRED INCREASE OF DOSAGE FOR SAME RESPONSE)
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Term
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Definition
MIXING AN UPPER AND A DOWNER SO THAT THE NET EFFECT IS DECREASED
I.E. HEROINE AND COCAINE |
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Term
ADDITIVE EFFECT
(DRUG INTERACTION) |
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Definition
| UPPER AND AN UPPER (OR DOWNER AND DOWNER) WHICH CAN BE ADDED TOGETHER FOR A MUCH STRONGER NET EFFECT. |
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Term
POTENTIATION
(DRUG INTERACTIONS) |
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Definition
WHEN TWO DRUGS ARE COMBINED AND THE RESULTANT EFFECT IS DIFFERENT THAN THE EFFECTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL DRUGS.
I.E. (MADE UP) LAXITIVE AND ADVIL, BUT THEY CANCELLED EACH OTHER OUT SO YOU STILL CAN'T SHIT AND YOU HAVE A HEADACHE. |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for the cell body of a neuron |
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Term
| What are the two types of communication between neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical gradient for K+ and Na+ (qualitative) |
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Definition
More Na+ inside - wants to move out
More K+ outside - wants to move in |
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Term
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Definition
| adenylyl cyclase>controls ATP>controls cAMP>conttols cAMP dependent protein kinases |
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Term
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Definition
phospholipase C>controls hydrolysis of phosphoinositides which releases IP3 and DAG
IP3 leads to an increase Ca+ concentration inside the cell which leads to the activation of calmodulin protein kinases
DAG controls protein kinase C |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Active ingredients in opiates |
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Definition
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Term
| An increase in acetyl groups results in... |
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Definition
| decrease in permeability which allows for the drug to stay in the body for longer periods of time i.e. heroine |
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Term
| morphine, coedine and heroine are this type of drug... |
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Definition
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Term
| naloxe is this type of drug... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the degradation of veins via the injection of heroine |
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Term
| ways in which heroine can be administered (4) |
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Definition
snorting
injection
oral
inhaled |
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Term
| What are the pharmocological effects of heroine on the central nervous system (6) |
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Definition
drowsiness
decreased sensitivity
decreased anxiety
muscle relaxant
pain relief
decreased concentration |
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Term
| What are the pharmocological effects of heroine on the autonomic nervous system (3) |
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Definition
suppression of cardiovascular and respiratory system
constriction of pupils
nausea |
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Term
| What ways of administration lead to a "rush" via heroine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pharmocological effects of heroine on the GI Tract |
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Definition
decreased muscle activity of the stomach and intestines
slower passage of contents - which allows for more water absorption, often leads to constipation |
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