Term
| Definition of Addiction (3) |
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Definition
A primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry
Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social, and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors
Compulsion, Control, Continued use despite Consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| General classification for maladaptive patterns of use of alcohol or other drugs that result in significant distress or functional impairment (DSM IV-TR, APA, 2000) |
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Term
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Definition
Persistent and repeated use of substances resulting in adverse consequences in an individual’s life over a 12 month period:
uses substances even though they are experiencing problems in their life
using substances in a physically hazardous situation
legal problems
social or interpersonal problems |
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Term
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Definition
More severe disorder than substance abuse
Characterized by compulsive drug taking behavior and possibly physiologic dependence
Physiologic dependence (tolerance and withdrawal) is not necessary or sufficient for a diagnosis of substance dependence to be given |
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Term
| Proposed Changes to DSM 5 (3) |
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Definition
Changes section to "Addictions and Related Disorders"
Combines substance abuse and dependence into one disorder of grade clinical severity
Includes Gambling under Substance Use and Addictive Disorders |
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Term
| Gender Differences in SUD (4) |
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Definition
Men 2X as likely than women(11.6% v 5.9%)
Women telescope and experience more physiologic consequences than men
Women experience anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and depression more often than men
Women tend to present to primary care and mental health facilities rather than D&A treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual requires increasingly larger doses to achieve the desired effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical symptoms resulting from stopping the use of a drug |
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Term
| Moral/Volitional Model of Addiction (3) |
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Definition
Belief that the person chooses to misuse substances and can choose not to
Substance abuse is a willful violation of societal rules and norms
Social sanctions/punishments are seen as the solution |
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Term
| Disease Model of Addiction (4) |
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Definition
Most widely accepted model of addiction in the US today
Alcohol and drug addiction is seen as a “primary disease” that is not secondary to another disorder or condition.
It is chronic, progressive, and (if left untreated) fatal
It has biological, psychological, social, and spiritual components |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral Model of Addiction (3) |
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Definition
Substance use behaviors are the result of the cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and feelings) that precede it
Cognitions such as expectancies, self-efficacy, and attributions, mediate the pathway from the stimulus to the substance use response
Operant and classical conditioning contribute to ongoing substance use |
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Term
| Spiritual/12 Step Model of Addiction (3) |
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Definition
Powerlessness over substances
Spiritual deficits cause the addiction problem in the person
Recovery occurs via spiritual change as a result of working the 12-steps or another spiritual path |
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Term
| Family Disease Model of Addiction (4) |
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Definition
Disease of addiction affects families as well as individuals.
The disease develops in the individual who has the SUD and is maintained via family functioning.
The disease manifests itself in other family members in the form of “cothe co-dependency”.
The codependent family members engage in roles and enabling behaviors that maintain the family disease. |
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Term
| Routes of Administration (9) |
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Definition
Oral (Slowest)
Rectal
Inhalation (Most Rapid)
Snorting
Skin (slowest)
Injection (2nd Most Rapid)
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous |
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Term
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Definition
| Affect brain function, mood, and behavior and are subdivided primarily on the basis of physiological and psychological effects |
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Term
| Process Addictions Similarity to SUD (4) |
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Definition
Compulsion and obsession
Involve euphoria
Bio-psycho-social factors involved in etiology
Wreak havoc in the psychological and social lives of affected individuals
Tolerance and Withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
Between substance misuse and process addictions
Between one or more psychoactive drugs |
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Term
| Social Factors that Influence Gambling (5) |
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Definition
Accessibility
Acceptability
Peer behaviors
Availability of treatment and prevention
Societal portrayal |
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Term
| Psychology of Gambling (4) |
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Definition
Conditioned to gamble via reinforcement
Cognitive distortions
Regulate affect or tension
Personality traits/ temperment
(Impulsivity, reward-seeking, loss aversion) |
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Term
| Brain Reward Pathway in Gambling Similar to AOD Use |
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Definition
Dopamine - Reward, Pleasure, Motivation
Serotonin - Mood, Impulsivity
Epinepherine - Arousal, Excitement
Opioids - Urges, Pleasures
Cortisol - Stress |
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Term
Current DSM Classification of Gambling
Proposed DSM Classification of Gambling |
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Definition
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Term
| Gender/Race/Ethnicity in Gambling |
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Definition
Native Americans 4-6X more likely.
White and Blacks low rate gambling. Blacks who do gamble have higher rate of problems
Asians least likely to gamble, but those who do often develop serious problems
Men are more likely to have gambling problems than women, but 1/3 of addicted gamblers are women. (rate equalizes when slots are in community settings, e.g, stores).
Men more action gamblers; women more escape |
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Term
| Compulsive Gambling (Diagnostic Criteria) (9) |
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Definition
Preoccupied with gambling
Need to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve desired excitement
Repeated unsuccessful efforts to control or cut down or stop gambling
Is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop gambling
Gambles as a way to escaping from problems or relieving dysphoric mood
After losing money gambling, often returns another day to get even
Lies to family members, therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement in gambling
Has jeopardized or lost significant relationship, job, educational, or career opportunity because of gambling
Relies on other to provide money to relieve a desperate financial situation caused by gambling |
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Term
| Gambling V. Compulsive Gambling (3) |
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Definition
60% of Americans report past year gambling
1% meet criteria for pathological/compulsive gambling
2-3% considered to be problem gamblers |
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Term
| Effects of Addiction in the Family on Children |
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Definition
Hyperactivity/Attention disorder
Lower IQ
School absenteeism
Behavior problems
Delinquency
Cognitive problems
Alcoholism/Drug addiction
Emotional instability
Social maladjustment
Anxiety/Depression
Poor social support
Low self-esteem |
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Term
| Wegsheider-Cruse Family Roles |
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Definition
Cheif Enabler
Family Hero
Scapegoat
Lost Child
Family Mascot |
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