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Definition
| a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face, chest, and back. it occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. Blood cells recognize this clog as an infection which triggers the immune system to send blood and pus to the area. |
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| activational role (of hormones) |
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Definition
| the process through which changes in hormone levels, especially at puberty, stimulate changes in the adolescent's behavior, appearance, or growth |
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| the second decade of life ***** |
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| the dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty |
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| the maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence |
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| the designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult |
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| an eating disorder found chiefly among yong women, characterized by dramatic and severe self-induced weight loss |
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| the different timing in the growth of body parts within an individual (can result in physical awkwardness and gawkiness as well as dislocated knees and other joints) |
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| the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state |
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| behavioral decision theory |
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Definition
| an approach to understanding adolescent risk taking, in which behaviors are seen as the outcome of systematic decision-making processes |
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Definition
| an eating disorder found primarily among young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating and self-induced vomiting |
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| a procedure in which some part of the genitals is cut and permanently altered |
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| the third stage of cognitive development, acceding to Piaget, spanning the period roughly between age 6 and early adolescence |
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| a hormone produced when a person is exposed to stress |
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| a study that compares two or more groups of individuals at one point in time |
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| changes in self-understanding in adolescence |
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Definition
| individuals become more aware of their possible selves. their self-conceptions, self-esteem, and sense of identity evolve. |
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Definition
| a type of logical reasoning in which one draws logically necessary conclusions fro a general set of promises, or givens |
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| discontinuous transitions |
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Definition
| passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly |
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Definition
| the process of paying attention to two or more stimuli at the same time |
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter especially important in the brain circuits that regulate the experience of reward |
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| dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| the outer and upper areas of the front of the brain, important for skills such as planning ahead and controlling impulses |
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Definition
| a psychological disturbance characterized by low self-esteem, decreased motivation, sadness, and difficulty in finding pleasure in formerly pleasurable activities |
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| disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, and obesity that start to occur in adolescents when their changing bodies cause them to become concerned about their body weight |
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Definition
| the system of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones |
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Definition
| the closing of the ends of the bones, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed |
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Definition
| a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among females than males following puberty |
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Definition
| the fourth stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning the period from early adolescence through adulthood |
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| fundamental biological changes of adolescence |
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Definition
| growth spurt, muscle/fat ratio, primary and secondary sex characteristics |
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| fundamental cognitive changes of adolescence |
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Definition
| thinking about possible futures, thinking abstractly, and scientific reasoning |
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| fundamental social transitions of adolescence |
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Definition
| roles and responsibilities, relationships, and activities |
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Definition
| (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) the neurophysiological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads |
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Definition
| highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands |
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Definition
| a part of the brain that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| the domain of psychosocial development involving self-conceptions, self-esteem, and the sense of who one is |
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Definition
| the belief, often brought on by the heightened self-consciousness of early adolescence, that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior |
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| reasoning that involves drawing an inference form the evidence that one has |
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Definition
| the formal induction of a young person into adulthood |
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| more prevalent in non-Western cultures. places others as more important than self |
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| more Western cultures. places self as more important than others |
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| a separate system of courts and related institutions developed to handle juvenile crime and delinquency |
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| key issues of psychosocial development in adolescence |
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Definition
| referring to the aspects of development that are both psychological and social in nature: identity, autonomy, intimacy, sexuality, achievement |
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| a protein produced by the fat cells that ma pal a role int he onset of puberty |
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| an area of the brain that plays an important role in the processing of emotional experience, social information, and reward and punishment |
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| a hormone secreted by the brain that contributes to sleepiness |
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| the time of first menstruation, one of the most important changes to occur among females during puberty |
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Definition
| the process of thinking about thinking itself |
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Definition
| in Selman's theory, the stage of social perspective taking during which the young adolescent can be an objective third party and can see how the thoughts or actions of one person can affect those of another |
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Definition
| the process through which brain circuits are insulated with myelin, which improves the efficiency of information processing |
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| the region of the brain located directly behind the eyes, important for the evaluation of risk and reward |
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| an adolescent's belief that he or she is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior |
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| the point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly |
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Definition
| a class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species |
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| one of the chief glands responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body |
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Definition
| the various identities an adolescent might imagine for him- or herself |
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| the biological changes of adolescence |
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| an elaborate sort of "coming-out" celebration for adolescent girls that is practiced in many Latino communities |
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| the intentional creation of scars on some part or parts of the body, often done as part of an initiation ceremony |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| the manifestations of sexual maturity at puberty, including the development of breasts, the growth of facial and body hair, and changes in the voice |
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Definition
| the process by which we focus on one stimulus while tuning out another |
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| the degree to which individuals feel positively or negatively about themselves |
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| distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves |
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| the enjoyment of novel and intense experiences |
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| a neurotransmitter that is especially important for the experience of different moods |
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Definition
| a physiological level or setting (e.g., of a specific hormone) that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system |
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| the aspect of cognition that concerns thinking about other people, about interpersonal relations, and about social institutions |
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| the norms that govern everyday behavior in social situations |
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| the process through which an individual's position or status is redefined by society |
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| a violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults |
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| sleep patterns in adolescence |
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Definition
| delayed hase preference and later melatonin secretion |
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Definition
| first ejaculation for boys; usually occurs between the ages of 11-15 years |
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Definition
| the process through which unnecessary connections between neurons are eliminated, improving the efficiency of information processing |
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Definition
| formation of synapses; particularly important during an individual's "critical period" of life, during which there is a certain degree of neuronal pruning due to competition for neural growth factors by neurons and synapses |
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Definition
| a widely used system used to describe the five stages of pubertal development |
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Definition
| "breast bud", Tanner stage 2, breast development |
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Definition
| the ability to understand that others have beliefs, intentions, and knowledge that may be different from one's own |
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Term
| ventromedial prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| the lower and central area at the front of the brain, important for gut-level decision making |
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Definition
| a structured, work-based learning experience that places an adolescent under the supervision of a skilled adult |
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